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Moicheia and the Unity of Greek Law. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textThis paper proposes moicheia (seduction) as an instance of the unity ofancient Greek law. Part I examines the sources that state or imply such unity. Part IIanalyzes the treatment of moicheia in specific sources and places. Part III concludesthat the most compelling evidence for unity lies in the detention for ransom of theseducer caught in the act and in the humiliation of the seducer and/or his paramour
The Sicilian Tithe Business: State and Merchants in the Eleventh-Century Islamic Mediterranean. Medieval Worlds|Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 medieval worlds Volume 14. 2021|
No full textIn the mid-eleventh century, Sicilian authorities levied the »Sicilian tithe«, a customs duty hitting foreign merchants. The imposition of this tax put in motion a long chain of events that would be lost to us were it not for the exceptional evidence of the Cairo Geniza. This article focuses on a handful of Geniza commercial letters and legal queries in Judeo-Arabic that chronicle the unfolding of the Sicilian tithe business, from the initial attempt by a group of Geniza merchants to evade it, through the harsh reaction of state authorities, to the eventual abolition of the tax through merchant lobbying at the Fatimid court in Egypt. The events surrounding the Sicilian tithe not only shed light on a chapter in the history of Islamic Sicily; they also offer fresh insights into the much broader question of the relationship between state and merchants in the Islamic Mediterranean of the Central Middle Ages. Addressing this theme, this article will advance three interrelated claims. First, it will argue that Sicilian state administrators adopted what we might call a protectionist fiscal policy with the aim of maximizing tax revenues while at the same time supporting a domestic merchant class. Second, it will show that to accomplish this goal state administrators categorized merchants on the basis of administrative procedures that were largely detached from the complex and shifting forms of identity that merchants themselves adopted. Third, it will argue that the state’s protectionist calculus clashed against the trans-territorial character of contemporary merchant consortiums, highlighting the fundamental misalignment between the tributary logic that animated state officials and the capitalist logic that animated merchants
Does Fertility Decrease the Welfare of Households? An Analysis of Poverty Dynamics and Fertility in Indonesia
No full textIt is generally accepted that lower population growth is associated with positive economicdevelopment. Although there is a large body of literature supporting this hypothesis at themacro level, few studies have analyzed the causal e®ect of fertility on household welfare atthe micro level. In this paper we present an empirical analysis of the relationship betweenhousehold welfare and fertility for Indonesia - a country which has experienced unprecedentedeconomic growth and sharp fertility declines over recent decades. The focus of our paper istwofold: First, we introduce and apply propensity score matching methods to study the rela-tionship between fertility outcomes and economic variables at the household level. Secondly,we explicitly test for the sensitivity of our results with respect to alternative measures of wel-fare at the household level. When consumption expenditure per person is used as a measureof welfare, the analysis suggests that the correlation between fertility and household welfare issensitive to the choice of the parameters governing economics of scale and equivalence scalesat the household level. The lower these values are the less likely will an additional childdepress household welfare. On the other hand, when the share of food in total expenditureis used as a measure of welfare, the result does not produce a decisive sign of the correlationbetween fertility and household welfare
III. The acquisition and processing of (mor)phonotactic consonant clusters in German. Veröffentlichungen zur Linguistik und Kommunikationsforschung|Experimental, Acquisitional and Corpus linguistic Approaches to the Study of Morphonotactics Veröffentlichungen zur Linguistik und Kommunikationsforschung Band 33|
No full textEdition der Korrespondenz (Brief Nr. 1 bis 124). Other Online Editions|Die Operisti als kulturelles Netzwerk Theatergeschichte Österreichs Band X: Donaumonarchie, Heft 8|Band 1|
No full textEarly Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(s) of an Inland and Mountainous Region. Veröffentlichung der Mykenischen Kommission|(Social) Place and Space in Early Mycenaean Greece Mykenische Studien 35|
No full textThe concept of space is an abstract and sometimes a conventional term, but places – where people dwell,(inter)act and gain experiences – contribute decisively to the formation of the main characteristics and the identity ofits residents. Arkadia, in the heart of the Peloponnese, is a landlocked country with small valleys and basins surroundedby high mountains, which, according to the ancient literature, offered to its inhabitants a hard and laborious life. Itsrough terrain made Arkadia always a less attractive area for archaeological investigation. However, due to its positionin the centre of the Peloponnese, Arkadia is an inevitable passage for anyone moving along or across the peninsula. Thelong life of small and medium-sized agrarian communities undoubtedly owes more to their foundation at crossroadsconnecting the inland with the Peloponnesian coast, than to their potential for economic growth based on the resourcesof the land. However, sites such as Analipsis, on its east-southeastern borders, the cemetery at Palaiokastro and the ashaltar on Mount Lykaion, both in the southwest part of Arkadia, indicate that the area had a Bronze Age past, and raisemany new questions. In this paper, I discuss the role of Arkadia in early Mycenaean times based on settlement patternsand excavation data, and I investigate the relation of these inland communities with high-ranking central places. Inother words, this is an attempt to set place(s) into space, supporting the idea that the central region of the Peloponnesewas a separated, but not isolated part of it, comprising regions that are also diversified among themselves
The Construction of Metaphysical Space: The Adoption of Minoan Cult Symbols and the Development of Mycenaean Religious Iconography. Veröffentlichung der Mykenischen Kommission|(Social) Place and Space in Early Mycenaean Greece Mykenische Studien 35|
No full textFrom the beginning of the Shaft Grave period, leading people on the mainland were in the position to acquireforeign luxuries and valuable raw materials in growing quantities. Some of these prestige goods clearly served as cultequipment in Minoan Crete; others display a complex system of religious figurative scenes and motifs of undoubtedlyMinoan inspiration. Such scenes and motifs were virtually unknown in the preceding periods of MH Greece. Despitetheir foreign background, these objects had some impact on the formation of Mycenaean cult practices. It is arguedthat within this process of appropriation mainland inhabitants made a deliberate choice of the available ceremonialequipment and cult symbols. It seems that only those cult implements such as rhyta and tripod offering tables wereborrowed from Crete, which could be incorporated in indigenous MH religious traditions. Significantly, such objectswere produced until the end of the Palatial period. Correspondingly, Mycenaeans were interested in only those representationsof ritual actions and symbols which had a meaning in terms of their own religious conceptions. Along theselines, Minoan forms of artistic expression had a strong impact on the development of Mycenaean religious figurativeart and symbolism
Artisans in the Service of the Royalty at Dendra and their Role in the Formation of Fashion Trends. Veröffentlichung der Mykenischen Kommission|(Social) Place and Space in Early Mycenaean Greece Mykenische Studien 35|
No full textThrough its remarkable finds the necropolis at Dendra, covering the periods LH IIB–IIIB, offers an eloquentpicture of the luxury possessed by the aristocracy up to the final phase of the early Mycenaean period. It is a time whenart and crafts shift away from the hitherto Minoan influences to create forms and symbols that are purely Mycenaean,in search of a new identity. Metalwork of an advanced workmanship, testifying to the presence of highly skilledcraftsmen, furnished the distinguished deceased in the necropolis. Craftsmen in the service of the elite seem to havecirculated between various areas of the Aegean and Cyprus, forming through their creations common codes between itsmembers. Being one of the few unplundered tholoi of the period, the Dendra tomb gathers most of those features thatbecame fashionable in art and crafts among the early Mycenaean elite. A re-evaluation of the grave goods can thereforeprovide the impetus for a discussion on the production, manufacture and trade of luxurious items, especially metalwork,at the threshold of the Mycenaean Palatial period
Outside and Inside: Mortuary Rituals in Early Mycenaean Pylos. Veröffentlichung der Mykenischen Kommission|(Social) Place and Space in Early Mycenaean Greece Mykenische Studien 35|
No full textDuring late MH III/LH I the mortuary landscape of the area around Pylos changed dramatically with the constructionof tholos tombs close to the site of the later palace. These early tholos tombs were followed by the constructionof chamber tombs, also in close proximity to the palace.In this paper, I explore how the addition to the landscape of prominent and visible mortuary areas changed and shapedpeople’s perception of time and memory, their behaviour, and their creation and interpretation of their social positionsand roles. I show that the mortuary arena at the end of MH III was perceived as an untapped social resource with greatpotential for communicating identity, creating a strong social order, and introducing a new ideology based around thefamily line. I argue that the creation of the tombs broke with the older ideology and funds of power and stressed thelineal family’s connection with the past, present and future
Spatio-temporal assessment of the hydrological drivers of an active deep-seated gravitational slope deformation: The Vögelsberg landslide in Tyrol (Austria)
No full textSpatio-temporal variations of precipitation are presumed to influence the displacementrate of slow-moving deep-seated landslides by controlling groundwaterrecharge, pore-water pressure and shear strength. Phases of landslide accelerationresponding to long-lasting rainfall and snowmelt events occur under site- and eventspecifictime delays. Assessing groundwater recharge and simultaneous recording oflandslide displacement in a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution is essential todeepen the understanding of mechanisms controlling a landslide’s deformationbehaviour and is indispensable when it comes to identifying and developing targetorientedmitigation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess hydrologicallandslide drivers (solid and liquid precipitation, snowmelt and evapotranspiration) andto investigate their spatio-temporal distribution in the context of movementsrecorded at the Vögelsberg landslide (Tyrol, Austria). Hydrometeorological variableswere simulated using the AMUNDSEN (Alpine MUltiscale Numerical DistributedSimulation ENgine) hydroclimatological model and landslide movements were continuouslymonitored using an automated tracking total station. Area-wide simulatedtime series of available water were used: (i) to separate them into single landslidetriggering hydrometeorological events; (ii) to analyse spatio-temporal patterns ofwater availability per triggering event including individual response times; (iii) todelineate an effective hydrological landslide catchment; and (iv) to identify relationsbetween assessed water input and landslide displacement rate. For the observationperiod from 05-2016 until 06-2019 we identified three distinctive hydrometeorologicalevents causing time-delayed periods of landslide acceleration. Spatio-temporaldifferences in water availability per triggering event result in spatially diverseresponse times varying from 20 to 60 days for rainfall-triggered events and between0 and 8 days for events triggered by snowmelt. Pronounced spatio-temporal differencesof snowmelt within the model domain were identified to offer a unique possibilityto delineate the effective hydrological landslide catchment. While consideringevent-specific time-lags, logarithmic correlations between incoming water and landslidedisplacement rate become apparent