Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Domesticate Animal Herding and Procurement Strategies, and the Childhood Origin of the Human Mandible (SP1) from the Bronze Age Site of Punta di Zambrone, Calabria, Italy: a Laser Ablation Sr Isotope Study. Orea|Punta di Zambrone I Oriental and European Archaeology Volume 17|
No full textStrontium isotope analysis of human and faunal enamel has the potential to reveal human childhood origins, and herding and other movements of animals. Recent developments have included laser ablation sampling which dramatically increases the spatial resolution at which strontium isotopes can be measured. This allows time series of changes in strontium isotopes to be measured along the growth axis of enamel, giving a highly time-resolved measure of human and animal movement. Here we present the method and some examples of its application including our work attempting to identify the provenance of humans at the Bronze Age harbour site of Punta di Zambrone (possible inhabitants of the settlement or foreigners related to its destruction?) and to identify the extent of the agricultural catchment of this settlement through analysis of cattle, pig and other animal teeth. The Sr isotope results show a faunal catchment of approximately 15km, stretching from the coast to the inland high plain, and suggest that the individual SP1 was most likely local to the region
VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 19. Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte
No full textSecularism or Catholicism? The Religious Composition of the United States to 2043
No full textWe project the religious composition of the United States to 2043, consideringfertility differences, migration, intergenerational religious transmission andconversion by 11 ethnoreligious groups. If fertility and migration trends continue,Hispanic Catholics will experience rapid growth, expanding from 10 to 18 percent ofthe population between 2003 and 2043. Protestants could decrease from 47 to 39percent over the same period, establishing Catholicism as the largest religion amongyounger age groups. Immigration drives growth among Hindus and Muslims, whilelow fertility explains decline among Jews. The religiosity of immigrants combinedwith the low fertility of nonreligious Americans results in a gradual decline, andsubsequent reversal of, secularization, with the nonreligious population shareexpected to plateau before 2043
Alcohol-related mortality among men in Austria 1981–2002 and the importance of qualification and employment
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between alcohol-related mortality andsocial status among men in Austria, and to examine changes during the 1980s and 1990s.We linked individual census records for the Austrian population from 1981, 1991, and2001 with death register records for a follow-up period of one year. The final data setcontains 5,038,654 records of men 35–74 years old, of whom 3824 died of causesexplicitly related to alcohol abuse. Standardized mortality ratios by education, occupationand employment were calculated for alcohol- and non-alcohol-related causes of death. Aregression-based inequality measure was used for analyses of trends. We find that loweducated men were 2.77 (1981/82), 3.49 (1991/92), and 3.23 (2001/02) times more likelyto die of alcohol-related causes of death than high educated, while it was just 1.59, 1.80,and 1.89 for other conditions. Among men 35–59 years old, unskilled blue-collar workershad on average a 5.6 and 5.0 times higher risk than upper white-collar employees in1981/82 and 1991/92; for non-alcohol related causes it was 2.0 and 2.2. Unemployed orearly retired men were particularly at risk. In 2001/02 low-skilled inactive were 18 timesmore likely to die on alcohol-related causes than high-skilled economically active men.Over time the social inequalities in alcohol-related mortality increased but only between1981/82 and 1991/92; and among those 35–59 years old only for the economicallyinactive. A good education and sophisticated vocational skills are important protectivefactors for alcohol problems; however, what matters most is whether or not people areemployed
A Man and the Biosphere Reserve as a natural and socio-economic laboratory for the sustainable future of small rural communities. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textThe UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo-Alto Molise was established in 1977 in Molise Region (Central Italy) to safeguard local natural and managed ecosystems in two separate areas administered by two different municipalities. An association of seven small municipalities with various local bodies, the ASSOMAB Alto Molise Consortium, was established in 2006 to expand and zone the Reserve in order to promote innovative and environmentally sustainable approaches to economic and social development, by setting in place a new model of sustainable and integrated management in the area. In the renewal step of 2014, UNESCO agreed the expansion of the old protected areas into a single, larger reserve, to be managed by the Consortium. Today it covers nine Natura 2000 sites, seven of which are included in the European Habitats Directive, and two in the Birds Directive. Local administrators and stakeholders see the Reserve as an opportunity to develop sustainable actions while protecting and enhancing the extraordinary environmental richness, including the remarkable biodiversity. In this paper, the authors discuss the current situation and the socio-economic opportunities in this rural landscape, which is affected by population ageing, outmigration and a diminishing economy, all of which are significant drivers of land-use changes, particularly land abandonment and forest expansion
EPTA report 2021.pdf
No full textTechnology assessment and decision making underscientific uncertainty - lessons from the COVID-19pandemi
Late Hallstatt Female Head/Hair Decoration in the Southern Carpathian Basin. Temple Rings of the Ciumbrud and Donja Dolina Types. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textThe Late Hallstatt period in the southern Carpathian Basin is marked by complex cultural relations for which the current knowledge is mostly based on the analyses of cemeteries. One of the most prolific forms of female jewellery in graves is bronze and silver temple rings that were used to decorate the head or hair. This is testified to by finds from the inhumation graves in Donja Dolina, where several pairs of temple rings, often of different forms, were located on both sides of the women’s heads. Four basic types have been distinguished according to differences in the design of the terminals, and there are different variants according to the method of shaping the body. The oldest burial phases in Donja Dolina are characterized by smooth temple rings with a conical thickening at the terminals (Ciumbrud type), which have been found in the highest numbers in the inhumation graves in Transylvania. Temple rings of the Ciumbrud type from Donja Dolina should probably be seen as a reflection of established contacts and cultural transfer, but we should not completely rule out the possibility of the individual mobility of women. The reconstruction of how they were worn makes it possible to analyse the female bodily ornamentation, indicating that these are gender-specific items, which became an important part of the visual identity of women
About borders and limits: experiences with UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for transboundary cooperation in Ukraine and neighbouring countries. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textIn Eastern Europe, several UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs) have been important promoters of transnational and transboundary nature conservation and sustainable development. Nevertheless, political and institutional barriers and scarcity of resources have hindered successful cross-border cooperation. The prospects for BRs in Eastern Europe are mixed, especially in relation to the challenges of ecosystem degradation and climate change, as well as socioeconomic and (geo)political crises. Based on our own experience of one and a half decades of growing cooperation between partners in Ukraine and Germany, we conclude that transnational cooperation between BRs and science is particularly rewarding and mutually beneficial
Doing Science, Forgoing Childbearing? Evidence from a Sample of Female Scientists in Austria
No full textAcademic women in Austria and Germany have extraordinarily high final levels ofchildlessness of 45-60%, as documented by prior research. This study investigates howfemale scientists’ fertility behaviour relates to their childbearing ideals and intentions inAustria. It analyses whether high childlessness and low numbers of children are intended ornot. By looking additionally at employment conditions and partnership status, this studypoints to possible obstacles hindering couples to realise their childbearing desires.Furthermore, it shows how female scientists combine their academic career and childcare.The analysis is based on a sample of female scientists who had applied for a grant at theAustrian Academy of Sciences (n=196). It comprises women aged 25-45 who work indifferent scientific fields in Austria. Female scientists aged 40-45 have 0.9 children onaverage and 44% remain childless. However, these levels are far from the number of offspringthat young scientists under the age of 35 intend to have. They perceive on average two as theirideal and intended number; only around 10% want to stay childless. Several obstacles whichimpede childbearing were identified, e.g. the strong work commitment of the femalescientists, the need to be geographically mobile and the high prevalence of living aparttogether relationships. As for the combination of work and family, female scientists returnback to work quickly after they have a child. Most do not regard the family as the maincaregiver but perceive a division of tasks between the family and the public as preferable