Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Federico III d’Asburgo tra Venezia e la Corte Estense (Gennaio – Maggio 1452). Römische Historische Mitteilungen|Römische Historische Mitteilungen 63|
No full textThe article “Frederick III of Habsburg between Venice and the House of Este” aims at providing a brief insight into the political and diplomatic relations that served as the background to Frederick’s Romzug, thus focusing on the first steps of Frederick’s journey and on the relationship he was able to establish in northeast Italy with the Republic of Venice and the Este House in Ferrara. In fact, the first Italian states that the Habsburg emperor visited in 1452 after leaving Austria on his journey to Rome were the Serenissima and the territories under the supremacy of the Este House. Hence, this study sheds some light on the first part of the emperor’s journey in Lower Austria, Styria and Carinthia, where conflicts with the Austrian “Stände” were raging at that time, and mainly on the emperor’s stays at the House of Este (in January and May 1452) and his visit to Venice on the way back to Austria (in May 1452). The analysis of Frederick’s documents (Regesta Imperii) has shown that the emperor was able to establish long-lasting political and diplomatic relations with the most important Italian courts during his first journey to Rome. Not only do Frederick’s documents bear witness to the emperor’s “Vicariate policy”, but they also show how privileges were bestowed upon Italian princes: in order for the emperor to establish political relations, some were elevated to the knighthood, some were awarded the title of doctor and others were appointed as notaries. All these documents confirm that Frederick III actively tried to influence the politics of Italy and of the Italian courts in a manner not seen before then. Through intensive diplomatic activity, which was advanced during the Romzug, Frederick gradually managed to rebuild the role of the Habsburg Empire in Italy. In doing so, he paved the way for the House of Habsburg to become a world political power
On the Age Dynamics of Learned Societies: Taking the Example of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
No full textIn a hierarchical organisation of stable size the annual intake is strictly determined by thenumber of deaths and a statutory retirement age (if there is one). In this paper wereconstruct the population of the Austrian Academy of Sciences from 1847 to 2005. Forthe Austrian Academy of Sciences we observe a shift of its age distribution towards olderages, which is due to rising life expectancy, i.e. a rising age at death, on the one hand aswell as an increased age at entry on the other hand. Therefore the number of new entrantshas been fluctuating considerably—especially reflecting some statutory changes—and thelength of tenure before reaching the statutory retirement age has declined during thesecond half of the last century. Based on alternative scenarios of the age distribution ofincoming members—including a young, an old, the ‘current’ and a mixed-age model—wethen project the population of the Austrian Academy and its ageing forward in time. Ourresults indicate that the ‘optimum policy’ would be to elect either young or old aged newmembers
The Contributions of Diseases to Increasing Educational Mortality Differential in Austria
No full textThis paper examines how much changing educational disparity for specific causes of deathcontributed to the change in overall educational mortality disparity between 1981/82 and1991/92 among Austrian adults aged 30–74 years. Besides specific causes of death, thestudy also examines educational differentials for both avoidable causes of death andmortality amenable to medical intervention. The data source is based on a one-yearmortality follow-up of the total Austrian census population. The data for the examinedpopulation is made up of individual records for people aged 30–74, totaling 3,805,208 for1981/82 and 4,064,184 for 1991/92, from which 34,218 and 29,443, respectively, were ondeceased persons. The study uses a new approach for decomposing the change in overallmortality differentials into contributions of specific causes to the change. For this purpose,it extends the regression-based Slope Index of Inequality. The findings suggest thateducational inequalities in overall mortality have widened significantly in Austria, butmore among men than among women. However, without the increase in the disparity forischemic heart disease, between 1981/82 and 1991/92, there would have been a decline inabsolute educational disparity in overall mortality among Austrian men and women. Alsostriking are the rising absolute and relative disparities for diabetes among females as wellas the increasing disparities for colorectal cancer and digestive diseases among men.Increasing differentials in avoidable mortality essentially contributed to increasededucational disparities in overall mortality. With regard to mortality amenable to medicaltreatment, the differentials increased considerably for men but not for women
Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 (complete volume). Medieval Worlds|Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 medieval worlds Volume 14. 2021|
No full textTowards inclusive environmental governance in the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve, Morocco. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textArganeraie Biosphere Reserve (ABR) in Morocco was established in 1998. Today the reserve covers 2.5 million hectares and more than 3 million people and, as such, it has been a complex social-ecological system to govern. Authors draw on postnormal conservation science and environmental governance studies to investigate environmental governance processes within the ABR and shed light on their outcomes and challenges to date. First, authors analyse how Moroccan institutions are managing this vast territory. Second, we look at perceptions of an extended peer community of decision-makers. This research adds an empirical case study to the North African region and addresses two main weaknesses of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves worldwide: 1) effective governance and 2) shortcomings in their implementation. Through an ethnographic approach, we are able to point out how low strategic priority and a weak political will regarding the ABR may be hindering inclusive environmental governance. The authors suggest some key aspects for improving the existing governance system; various baseline needs and barriers that may be addressed in advance; a set of drivers, and several proposals for inclusive governance in the ABR. This study should prompt academia, policy- and decision-makers to identify and enhance synergies that allow for a shared vision of their territory
Byzanz und das Konzil zu Basel und Ferrara Neue Dokumente der Kaiser- sowie Patriarchatskanzlei und der Umgang mit Latein im Kontakt mit dem Westen (Byzantium and the Council of Basle and Ferrara. New Documents of the Imperial and Patriarchal Chanceries and the Use of Latin in Communication with the West). Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik|Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 70. Band|
No full textThe 1430s are best documented for the correspondence of the Byzantine emperor and the patriarch of Constantinoplewith the West. Due to several embassies to the Council of Basel and Pope Eugenius IV, a lot of respective documentsissued by the emperor and the patriarch were copied in the acts and document collections of the council, alongside only a feworiginal ones. This extraordinary accumulation of preserved texts allows us to study the language policy of the two chanceries,which generally differs in many regards, but underwent a significant development in the preparation of the Church Unionunder Emperor John VIII Palaeologus who supervised and controlled the outgoing documents of the patriarch. The investigationof the manuscript tradition could reveal new texts of the two chanceries, among them even one original sigillion of thepatriarch. These (and some already—uncritically—published) texts are presented here in a new critical edition
Confiscation, Exile, and Return: The Property Problem and its Legal Solutions. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textThis paper examines the evidence for legal solutions to the problem ofreturning exiles who demanded the return of their property in the Classical period.Fifth-century laws prioritize the interests of the political regime in power over theprivate economic interests of individuals, whereas in the fourth century they beganto prioritize lasting peace and reconciliation, which entailed a new commitment torecognizing and protecting the property claims of returnees
The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Labour and Education in Europe
No full textIn summer 2007, the US subprime crisis emerged and economic growth in industrialisedcountries started to slow down. The situation deteriorated after the default of LehmanBrothers in September 2008 and despite massive government interventions, the UnitedStates and most European countries slid into recession. We investigate the influence of therecent economic and financial crisis on European labour market perspectives andeducational attainment decisions. Furthermore we disentangle the differential impacts ofthe crisis on various demographic subgroups. We find that young male workers have beenhit hardest, while older workers and women have been partially protected bynon-redeemable contracts and the fact that they work in sectors which have been lessseverely hit by the crisis. Focusing on the education sector, it seems that the demand foreducation increases because individuals try to circumvent the tight labour market, whilethe supply of education suffers because of the increased pressures on federal budgets inmost European countries. However, we conclude that it is too early to make a definitestatement because the full impact of the crisis on the education sector is still to come.JEL classification: I20; J01; J1
Dispacci di Giorgio Brognolo da Napoli a Mantova (1482–1484) con commento sulla politica orientale post otrantina di Ferrante d’Aragona. Römische Historische Mitteilungen|Römische Historische Mitteilungen 63|
No full textThe edition includes 26 unpublished diplomatic letters which were sent between 1482 and 1484 from Naples to Mantua. These dispatches are stored at the Archive of the City of Mantua (envelope no. 806 – Gonzaga Archive): most of them were written by Giorgio Brognolo from Mantova and addressed to the marquis Federico I Gonzaga. The letters disclose numerous details about King Ferrante of Aragon, the Royal Family as well as the “condottieri”, aristocrats, ambassadors, cities or about political and military events in general, also considering the fact that the “War of Ferrara” was taking place at the same time; the dispatches were partially supplemented by copies of letters attached to Brognolo’s letters, which reached Naples from other cities. The edition is based on the criteria laid down by Francesco Senatore in his work “Dispacci sforzeschi da Napoli (1997)”. All dispatches have been selected according to the keyword “Turk”: this publication aims at shedding light on the Kingdom of Naples and on King Ferrante shortly after the Ottoman invasion of Otranto (1480–1481) and the subsequent Aragonese reconquest of Italy’s easternmost point. The edition also contains some comments about the diplomatic relations between King Ferrante and Sultan Bazeyid II after the conflict came to an end
Courts, Magistrates and Allotment Procedures: A New Inscribed Kleroterion from Hellenistic Athens. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textA marble allotment machine (kleroterion) recently discovered in Athens(inv.no. ΠΛ 2176) is here published for the first time. This is the fourth example of akleroterion inscribed with the name of the Treasurer of the prytaneia Habron, son ofKallias, of the deme Bate. The office seems to have been a creation of the 2ndcentury B.C. After revisiting the extant kleroteria, I propose to lower their date tothe 160s