Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Contribution of Education to Infant and Under-Five Mortality Disparities among Caste Groups in India
No full textThe level of infant and under-five mortality is high among scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs) in India. This study intends to quantify the contribution of education in explaining the gap in infant and under-five mortality between SCs/STs and non-SC/ST population in India with a special focus on the effect of maternal education. We used data from three rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS): 1992–93, 1998–99 and 2005–06. The synthetic cohort probability approach using full birth histories was used to estimate childhood mortality. We performed binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association of infant mortality (IM) and under-five mortality (U5M) with maternal education and selected other covariates. Further, we applied Fairlie's decomposition technique to understand the relative contribution of maternal education and other covariates on IM and U5M risk between the caste groups. The IM rate (IMR) among children born to illiterate mothers is about 3 times higher than those born to mothers with higher education across all caste groups. Similarly, the U5M rate (U5MR) is 5 times higher among ST population and 3 times higher among SC population during the 14-year observation period (1992–2006). The proportions of secondary and higher educated SC and ST mothers are relatively lower than among non-SC/ST mothers. The regression analysis shows that mother’s education has a statistically significant effect on reducing IM and U5M. A number of socio-economic covariates are found associated with IM and U5M; such as father’s education, mother’s age at first birth, mother’s work status, household wealth, exposure to media and socio-economic empowerment of the mother. A decomposition analysis shows that more than 90 percent of the gap in IM and U5M between social groups is explained by the differences in the distribution of maternal education and household wealth. The findings of this study emphasise the need to provide education to disadvantaged girls and health counselling to women, particularly among SC/STs with more focus on backward regions or states, to further reduce IM and U5M in India
Seydel, Schwestern
No full textMarie (eig. Maria Anna, verh. Furlani): * 18.2.1845 Wien,begr. 4.2.1930 Wien. Pianistin, Pädagogin
VERZEICHNIS DER LITERATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN HABILITATIONEN AN ÖSTERREICHISCHEN UNIVERSITÄTEN. Sprachkunst. Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft|Sprachkunst LII / 2021, 1. Halbband|
No full textDie zahnchirurgische Instrumentensammlung des Juliusspitals zu Würzburg: die Professionalisierung der Zahnheilkunde, insbesondere der Zahnchirurgie, im 19. Jahrhundert im Raum Würzburg und Unterfranken / Bayern. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 19. Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte|
No full textResearch with a special focus on the historical dental surgical instruments of the Juliusspital inWürzburg does not yet exist. This is a desideratum, as the objects preserved in the HistoricalCollections of the University of Würzburg can contribute to a deeper understanding of theprofessionalisation of dentistry in the 19th century. Only their analysis, together with that of thewritten sources, provides a complete picture of this process. The aim of this research project isto investigate the professionalisation and academisation of dentistry, especially dental surgery,in Würzburg and Lower Franconia in the 19th century using the historical dental surgical instrumentsof the Juliusspital as a material source for medical history
Africa’s Prospects for Enjoying a Demographic Dividend
No full textWe assess Africa’s prospects for enjoying a demographic dividend. While fertility rates anddependency ratios in Africa remain high, they have started to decline. According to UnitedNations projections, they will fall further in the coming decades such that by the mid-21st centurythe ratio of the working-age to dependent population will be greater than in Asia, Europe, andNorthern America. This projection suggests Africa has considerable potential to enjoy ademographic dividend. Whether and when it actually materializes, and also its magnitude,hinges on policies and institutions in key realms that include macroeconomic management,human capital, trade, governance, and labour and capital markets. Given strongcomplementarities among these areas, coordinated policies will likely be most effective ingenerating the momentum needed to pull Africa’s economies out of a development trap
Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, I & Ideologies of Translation, III - Volume 13. 2021
No full textThe Absolute Chronology of the Recent Bronze Age at Punta di Zambrone. Orea|Punta di Zambrone I Oriental and European Archaeology Volume 17|
No full textThis paper presents a series of twelve radiocarbon dates that provide the absolute chronology for all stratigraphic subphases that we can ascribe to the last settlement period of Punta di Zambrone. The dates, all obtained on short-lived materials (mainly seeds, but also bone and short-lived twigs), are modelled by the Gaussian Monte Carlo Wiggle Matching method based on their stratigraphical position inside the fortification ditch by using CalPal software. We then combine the resulting 14C models with the relative chronologies based on local handmade (impasto) and imported wheelmade Mycenaean pottery and present an absolute chronology for the latest settlement period of the site
Hofer, Josef
No full text* 23.10.1848 Amesschlag/OÖ, † 16.3.1912 Putzleinsdorf/OÖ. Pädagoge, Kirchenmusiker, Kapellmeister, Komponist
Cohort Fertility Decline in Low Fertility Countries: Decomposition Using Parity Progression Ratios
No full textThis study provides a systematic analysis of parity components of the cohort fertility decline in 32 low-fertility countries in Europe, North America, Australia and East Asia. We decompose the change in cohort fertility in each country among women born between 1940 and 1970 using parity progression ratios (PPR) derived mostly from census, register data, and large-scale surveys. We are also interested in how the effect of the changing parity progression ratios varied across broader regions and whether it was different in countries reaching very low completed fertility. The fall in fertility was mostly driven by reductions in the progression ratios to third and higher-order births in the first stage of 1940 to 1955 cohorts. Among women born between 1955 and 1970 fertility decline slowed down in most regions. This second stage of the cohort fertility decline analysed here is also distinguished by its regional diversity. The main distinction can be drawn between Central and Eastern Europe, where fertility decline was driven primarily by falling second birth rates and the German-speaking countries, Southern Europe, and East Asia, where the fall in first birth rates (and the corresponding rise in childlessness) had a stronger influence