Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Vorwort. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textAgglomeration and population ageing in a two region model of exogenous growth
No full textThis article investigates the effects of introducing demography into the New EconomicGeography. We generalize the constructed capital approach, which relies on infinite individualplanning horizons, by introducing mortality. The resulting overlapping generation frameworkwith heterogeneous individuals allows us to study the effects of ageing on agglomerationprocesses by analytically identifying the level of trade costs that triggers catastrophicagglomeration. Interestingly, this threshold value is rather sensitive to changes in mortality. Inparticular, the introduction of a positive mortality rate makes the symmetric equilibrium morestable and therefore counteracts agglomeration tendencies. In sharp contrast to other NewEconomic Geography approaches, this implies that deeper integration is not necessarilyassociated with higher interregional inequality
Potential and challenges of the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve, Tanzania. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full textThis article examines whether the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve, Tanzania, is successfully mitigating the immense challenges that rising population density and growing land-use pressure, as well as climate change and tourism, pose to vulnerable biodiversity hotspots, such as ancient Afromontane forests. The biosphere reserve’s management approach to ecological and socio-cultural heritage was analysed using the Global-Local Drivers of Change model as a theoretical basis, together with The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) analysis framework. This empirical study of a relatively old Sub-Saharan African biosphere reserve (established in 1981) used a qualitative research approach, where data was collected from focus groups living in the reserve, and semi-structured interviews with Ngorongoro Conservation Area officials and other main stakeholders. Results show that the management focus on environmental conservation over socio-cultural heritage has led to population growth, cultural change and landscape transformation, leading to human-wildlife conflicts and negative park-people relationships. It is concluded that this biosphere reserve needs to better exploit its vast potential and adjust its institutional structure and operational strategies to align with modern Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Methods
Women's Education in the Fertility Transition: The Reversal of the Relationship Between Women's Education and Birth Spacing in Indonesia
No full textIt is generally thought that both the demand for children and the cost of fertilitycontrol are major forces in fertility decline. Most researchers find that family planningprograms in developing countries, which lower the cost of fertility control, play a smallrole in the fertility transition relative to other economic factors that affect the demandfor children. This paper examines one aspect of fertility, namely the second birthinterval in Indonesia over the period 1970 to 1993. It is observed that higher femaleeducation is associated with a shorter birth interval among earlier cohorts, but witha longer birth interval among later cohorts. The finding is that changes in the effectof education on birth hazard over time are primarily driven by changes in the costof fertility control rather than through changes in the demand for children. Hence,family planning programs can have a big impact on fertility in a relatively low-educatedpopulation. In addition, in the context of contraceptive technology, the result canbe interpreted as evidence for the hypothesis that education enhances the ability todecipher new information
Der Kaiser mit der Tiara. Spiegelungen und Wandlungen des ersten Romzuges Friedrichs III. in der italienischen Kunst. Römische Historische Mitteilungen|Römische Historische Mitteilungen 63|
No full textThe journey to Rome which Frederick III undertook for his coronation as emperor was portrayed in a number of works of art, which were conceived along the route through Italy. However, these works of art were meant to serve as propaganda for the emperor only indirectly. As a matter of fact, those commissioning the works considered the symbolic power of the events and the authority of the Imperator Romanorum far more important in terms of ‘self-portrayal’. These works of art were indeed commissioned to celebrate the numerous promotions to the aristocracy or to a higher position within the aristocracy that Frederick III performed during his journey. Through the images depicted on medals and on illuminated manuscripts, the ennobled ones, who commissioned these works, aimed at associating their personal image and their memoria with the emperor. Particularly noteworthy are the panels of two cassoni, where Frederick’s two-day journey, his stay in Florence and the crowning ceremonies in Rome are depicted in multiple scenes. The cassoni were commissioned by the Medici family for Orlando de Medici, upon whom a knighthood was conferred by the emperor and who most likely participated in the crowning ceremony in Rome. However, a differentiated approach must be adopted in order to analyse the realistic representation of the pictures: on the one hand, these pictures have an important documentary value, whereby the topographical factors are also taken into account. On the other hand, they deviate significantly from the historical facts. One of the most striking differences lies in the central motif of the crown used by the pope during the ceremony, which does not reflect the standard type of the emperor’s crown but is portrayed as a variation of the papal tiara. The real intention behind this kind of choice remains unknown, but it does illustrate the cultural clashes related to the public’s perception of this ceremony which was to be the last coronation of an emperor performed in Rome by a pope
