Austrian Academy of Sciences
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The Low Mortality of a Learned Society
No full textThis study addresses the mortality of the members of a learned society. Followingthe literature on the social gradient of mortality, members of a learned society shouldexhibit much lower death rates than other social groups. We use biographical recordsfrom the members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences between 1847 and 2005 andcompare their mortality to Austrian life table death rates of the entire population andthe population with tertiary education only, respectively. We find that the membersof the Austrian Academy of Sciences experience far fewer deaths than if they weresubject to the average Austrian life table mortality. The mortality differential evenpersists when comparing to the Austrian population with tertiary education, thoughto a smaller extent. Moreover, the mortality differential between the members of theAustrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian population has widened over time,particularly since the mid-20th century
A Tale of Disaster Experience in Two Countries: Does Education Promote Disaster Preparedness in the Philippines and Thailand
No full textPreparing for a disaster can substantially minimize loss and damages from natural hazards.Amongst other socio-demographic determinants, disaster experience and education are foundto be key predictors of individual disaster preparedness. This paper explores the pathwaysthrough which education enhances disaster preparedness and the interplay between educationand experience in shaping preparedness behaviours. Data analysis is based on face-to-faceinterviews in two disaster-prone countries: the Philippines and Thailand. While education raisesthe propensity to prepare against disasters, we further find that the effect of education ondisaster preparedness is mainly mediated through social capital and disaster risk perception inThailand but there is no evidence that education is mediated through other observable channelsin the Philippines. This in turn suggests that the underlying mechanisms explaining theeducation effects are highly context-specific. Furthermore, we show that education raises disasterpreparedness only for the households that have not been affected by a disaster in the past.One explanation could be that education improves abstract reasoning and anticipation skillssuch that the better educated undertake preventive measures without needing to first experiencethe harmful event and then learn later
IV. Exploring phonotactic and morphonotactic constraints in the acquisition of consonant clusters in L1 French. Veröffentlichungen zur Linguistik und Kommunikationsforschung|Experimental, Acquisitional and Corpus linguistic Approaches to the Study of Morphonotactics Veröffentlichungen zur Linguistik und Kommunikationsforschung Band 33|
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Legal Notice. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)|eco.mont Vol. 13 special issue 2021|
No full text„Walk and Talk“: Mit Walking Interviews den Nahraum der Schule untersuchen. GW-Unterricht|GW-Unterricht 164|
No full textWalking Interviews ermöglichen auf vielfältige Weise Zugang zu raumbezogenen Praktiken und raumbezogenen Erkenntnissen. Der Beitrag führt in die Methode der Durchführung und Analyse von Walking Interviews ein, stellt Ergebnisse eines studentischen Projektseminars vor und diskutiert fachdidaktische Möglichkeiten der Integration von Walking Interviews in Lernprozesse im Sinne des forschenden Lernens. Walking Interviews können insbesondere für stadtgeographische Themen und die Auseinandersetzung von Schüler*innen mit ihrem Nahraum einen methodischen Ansatz für partizipative Forschung und außerschulisches Lernen bieten
Foresight und Technikfolgenabschätzung: Monitoring von Zukunftsthemen für das Österreichische Parlament Berichtsversion: November 2021
No full textEin kontinuierliches Monitoring aktueller oder sich für die Zukunft abzeichnender internationaler wissenschaftlicher und technologischer Entwicklungen im gesellschaftlichen Kontext (sozio-technische Trends) ist die Grundlage, um zentrale Zukunftsthemen für die österreichische Politik zu identifizieren. In so einem Verfahren werden zudem wichtige wissenschaftlichtechnische Treiber für Veränderungen sichtbar (drivers of change), die dem Parlament bei frühzeitiger Berücksichtigung erweiterte Handlungsund Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten eröffnen. Ein Monitoring ist damit zugleich die Grundlage für vertiefende Studien im Bereich Foresight und Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA). Somit wird es möglich, später aufkommende, spezifische und tagesaktuell drängende Fragen in breiteren Zukunftsthemen zu verorten und die jeweilige Relevanz schneller und vorausschauend zu beurteilen. Die Ergebnisse des Monitorings unterstützen damit nicht nur eine vorausschauende FTI-Politik, sondern dienen mit ihrer TA-Komponente auch der Maximierung positiver und zugleich Minimierung möglicher negativer Technikfolgen und sind damit auch für andere Politikfelder hochrelevant. Die potentiellen Anwendungsfelder von Zukunftstechnologien sind mit hohen Erwartungen und vielfältigen Versprechen verbunden. Während der Umsetzung zeigt sich aber oft, dass mit diesen Erwartungen und Versprechen auch Effekte einhergehen, die zunächst nicht augenscheinlich sind. Die Foresight-Komponente setzt auf die Gestaltbarkeit von Innovationen: Werden die Potentiale von Zukunftstechnologien frühzeitig in ihrer Bandbreite analysiert, eröffnen sich Gestaltungsspielräume für nachhaltige Innovationspfade
The Relation between Mother’s Socio-Economic Status and Daughter’s Fertility Intentions in Austria, Italy, Bulgaria, and Norway
No full textUnlike actual fertility, fertility intentions are often found to be positively correlated witheducation. The literature explaining this paradox is scarce. We aim to fill the gap bysearching for the main factors that compel highly educated women to still plan large familysize. We hypothesize that this could result from the socioeconomic context surrounding theupbringing of those educated women. Using the first wave of the Generations and GenderSurveys for four countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, and Norway), we analyse therelationship between mother’s socio-economic status and daughter’s fertility intentions,controlling for daughter’s socio-economic status and sib-ship size. We found that theeffect of family of origin is exerted mainly through the sib-ship size among childlessdaughters: Daughters with more siblings intend to have more children. After the transitionto parenthood, the effect of family of origin is exerted mainly through the mother’s level ofeducation: Daughters with high-educated mothers intend to have more children. This resultsuggests that the positive link between reproductive intentions and level of educationmight not merely be an artefact generated by the design of cross-sectional surveys butthe outcome of a better socio-economic status that allows forming more positivereproductive plans
Climate Change and Reproductive Intentions in Europe
No full textAim of this paper is to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on humanreproductive behavior in the highest industrialized countries. We discuss the hypothesisthat individuals fearing for a foreseen unhealthy environment tend to delay or forgochildbearing, thus contributing to a reduced ecological footprint. The empirical analysis isbased on the Eurobarometer survey carried out in the 27 EU countries in 2011. Multilevelordinal regression models on additionally intended number of children are used. A randomintercept is considered to take into account the clustering of individuals within countries.Results indicate that people’s intended number of children is not very strongly correlatedwith people’s concerns about climate change, but if a statistically significant relation isdetected, this is positive: the stronger the concern, the higher the intended number ofchildren. This result suggests that the desire to pass an enjoyable and healthy environmentto the future generations does not refrain people to plan large families and that the parents’environmental concern can be instrumental in stimulating parents’ responsible behavioursand proper policies at institutional level
