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Growth and Collapse of Empires: A Dynamic Optimization Model
No full textThis paper addresses the spatial evolution of countries accounting for economics, geography and (military) force. Economic activity is spatially distributed following the AK model with the output being split into consumption, investment, transport costs and military (for defense and expansion). The emperor controls the military force subject to the constraints imposed by the economy but also the geography (transport costs, border length) and the necessity to satisfy the needs of the population. The border changes depending on how much pressure the emperor can muster to counter the pressure of neighboring countries. The resulting dynamic process determines a country's size over time. The model leads to multiple steady states, large empires and small countries being separated by a threshold, and collapse. The resulting patterns can be linked to historical observations
Acknowledgments. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Tribes in Modern Yemen: An Anthology Sammlung Eduard Glaser 18|
No full textSirota, Leo
No full text* 4.3.1885 Kamjanez-Podilskyj/RUS (heute UA), † 25.2.1965 New York/USA. Pianist
Monitoring Land Degradation from Space. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2021, Volume 1|
No full textUnsustainable practices and increasing pressure on soil jeopardise the achievement of land degradation neutrality, targeted by 2030. Land degradation is costing billions in terms of land restoration and is heavily impacting human health and climate change. Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) target 15.3 focuses on the issue, and several methodologies are proposed to address land degradation. However, all present some limitations in terms of accuracy. This paper aims to present a more comprehensive approach based on the application of remote sensing technology. We show that the Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery archives can be used on the one hand to detect the current soil conditions, on the other hand to predict the future balance of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC). A case study illustrates that SOC, tillage and bare soil are key quality indexes that can facilitate quantifying and achieving a land degradation-neutral world
Zusammenfassung. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Medizin|Ernst Fuchs und die Weltgeltung der Wiener Ophthalmologischen Schule um 1900 Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Medizin 69|
No full textBesonderheiten der Erschließung und ihre Ergebnisse. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse|Die mittelalterlichen Handschriften in der Bibliothek des Augustiner Chorherrenstiftes Neustift Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 364. Band|
No full textGlobal improvements in Years of Good Life since 1950. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research|Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2021|
No full textHuman well-being at the national aggregate level is typically measured by GDPper capita, life expectancy or a composite index such as the HDI. A more recentalternative is the Years of Good Life (YoGL) indicator presented by Lutz et al.(2018; 2021). YoGL represents a refinement of life expectancy in which only thoseperson-years in a life table are counted that are spent free from material (1), physical(2) or cognitive limitations (3), while being subjectively perceived as satisfying (4).In this article, we present the reconstruction of YoGL to 1950 for 140 countries.Since life expectancy – as reported by the UN World Population Prospects in fiveyearlysteps – forms the basis of our reconstruction, the presented dataset is alsoavailable on a five-yearly basis. In addition, like life expectancy, YoGL can beflexibly calculated for different sub-populations. Hence, we present separate YoGLestimates for women and men. Due to a lack of data, only the material dimensioncan be reconstructed based directly on empirical inputs since 1950. The remainingdimensions are modelled based on information from the more recent past
Lisa Malich, Die Gefühle der Schwangeren. Eine Geschichte somatischer Emotionalität (1780–2010) (Bielefeld 2017: transcript Verlag), 448 S., EUR 34,99. ISBN 978-3-8376-3596-6. VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin|VIRUS. Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin Band 19. Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte|
No full textFaunal Remains from the Bronze Age Settlement at Punta di Zambrone (Calabria, Italy). Orea|Punta di Zambrone I Oriental and European Archaeology Volume 17|
No full textExcavations at the Bronze Age site of Punta di Zambrone yielded faunal remains from two habitational phases of the settlement, comprising two small samples from the Early Bronze Age 2 (EBA 2, NISP=114) and the Recent Bronze Age 2 (RBA 2, NISP=137) layers of Area B and a large assemblage from massive ashy filling layers of Area C (RBA 2, NISP=3439). Additionally, a very small sample (NISP=63) came from earlier horizons of Area C, possibly representing the early Recent or even Middle Bronze Age. All three small samples show very similar patterns of species composition, characterised by the distinct predominance of bovine remains and balanced ratios of pigs and ovicaprines. The large RBA 2 sample from Area C differs strongly from the other assemblages, mainly in terms of livestock representation which shows balanced ratios of all main domestic species and a remarkably high percentage of canine bones which, additionally, show frequent traces of butchering. These features resemble closely patterns of husbandry from other Calabrian sites, in particular MBA Broglio di Trebisacce, however, the deposition of faunal remains, comprising also meaningful objects like bucrania or eagle bones, in a series of ashy layers might also indicate ritually motivated forms of consumption that may not necessarily reflect the regular livestock economy of the settlement