Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Decreasing Fertility, Economic Growth and the Intergenerational Wage Gap
No full textPersistent low fertility rates lead to lower population growth rates and eventually also todecreasing population sizes in most industrialized countries. There are fears that thisdemographic development is associated with declines in per capita GDP and possiblyalso increasing inequality of the wage distribution. We investigate whether this is true inthe context of neoclassical growth models, augmented with endogenous fertility decisionsand endogenous educational decisions. Furthermore we allow for imperfectsubstitutability across workers of different age in the production process and learning bydoing effects as well as human capital depreciation. In particular, we assess theintergenerational wage redistribution effects which follow after a demographic change topersistent low fertility rates
Editorial. Medieval Worlds|Urban Agencies: Reframing Anatolian and Caucasian Cities (13th-14th Centuries) & Movement and Mobility in the Medieval Mediterranean: Changing Perspectives from Late Antiquity to the Long-Twelfth Century, II - Volume 14. 2021 medieval worlds Volume 14. 2021|
No full textParity-Specific Weights for the Austrian Generations and Gender Survey
No full textThe „Generations and Gender Survey (GGS)“ is an important data source for studying thedynamics of families and family relationships, it was out in Austria in 2008/09. Afteradjustment for age, sex, employment status, country of birth and living arrangements, werevealed a bias towards women with higher parities among the cohorts born until the mid-1970s. Since parity is an important aspect for fertility analyses, weights were generated forthe female sample that additionally adjust for the cohort-specific parity distribution. In thispaper, we describe the original prevailing bias and inform the GGS user about the adjustmentwith the weights for the Austrian GGS. These weights are provided by VID to theinternational scientific community and are included in the Austrian GGS dataset
Fertility Intentions and Preferences: E®ects of Structural and Financial Incentives and Constraints in Austria
No full textTaking as a starting point the low period fertility rates in Austria, this paper ad-dresses the question to which extent the low period fertility rates in Austria can beaccounted for by e®ects of structural and ¯nancial measures. Using data from theAustrian Population Policy Acceptance Survey 2001 we analyse the e®ects of thesetwo publicly controversial discussed incentives on the desired total number of children,on wanting no (more) children, and on fertility aspirations under the implementationof certain public policies. Based on zero-in°ated Poisson models we ¯nd that onlystructural constraints have an e®ect on the desired number of children, while ¯nancialconstraints have no e®ect. Logistic regression results suggest that neither structural nor¯nancial factors a®ect the desire for wanting (more) children. Concerning the fertilityaspiration under the implementation of certain policy measures our results based onmatching methods indicate that both structural and ¯nancial incentives would have ane®ect on thinking about having a(nother) child, on deciding to have a(nother) child, aswell as on having the ¯rst/next child sooner. However, at parity zero ¯nancial incen-tives seemed to be more important, while at parity one especially structural incentivesare the driven force of fertility aspirations
Resurrecting democracy? Law and Institutions in Early Antigonid Athens (307-301 BC). Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textIn this paper I investigate the legal and institutional reforms or innovationsthat were introduced in the period 307-301 BC, a period recorded as the restorationof democracy, the rationale behind them and the tensions that developed whenroyals were involved in the day-to-day administration of public affairs in anindependent, autonomous polis
Towards an Absolute Chronology at the Beginning of the Late Bronze Age in Slovenia. New Radiocarbon Dates from Ljubljana. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 Band 105/2021|
No full textThe cemetery at Ljubljana – Dvorišče SAZU is of fundamental importance for the research into the Late Bronze Age in the territory of the southeastern Alps and beyond. The recently conducted revision of the entire cemetery revealed that the oldest cremations should be placed already at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age period. Such observations have, furthermore, been confirmed by the new AMS dating results. The analysis of ceramic finds from Ljubljana cemetery showed that the best analogies for them can be found in the territory of the northern Carpathian Basin. Due to analogies in ceramic finds, cremated bones from cemeteries of the so-called Piliny Culture in Slovakia (Radzovce, Šafárikovo) were also sent for AMS analysis. Further typo-chronological analysis of the bronze grave goods revealed that connections with communities from the northern Carpathian Basin were decisive not only for the formative phase of the cemetery in Ljubljana at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age but also later on during the Early Urnfield period. In conclusion, all cremation graves in Slovenia from the Initial and Early Urnfield period are considered. Although their number is exceptionally small, it seems possible to distinguish two separate phases. The oldest phase can be correlated with the Br D/Ha A1 period (Ljubljana Ia 1 phase) and is dated from the 13th century to the first half of the 12th century BC. The second phase, covering the major part of the Ha A period (Ljubljana Ia 2 phase), ends around the middle of the 11th century BC
Attrition in the Austrian Generations and Gender Survey
No full textIn longitudinal research, the loss of sample members between waves is a possible source of bias. It is therefore crucial to analyse attrition and to find out who remained in the sample. The current paper analyses attrition in the Austrian Generations and Gender Survey, a longitudinal study on family and fertility, by distinguishing between attrition due to noncontact and attrition due to cooperation. The two components of attrition are studied separately by using bivariate as well as multivariate methods. Moreover, overall dropout - the combination of both components - is analysed. Apart from various socio-economic characteristics and data collection information, the study focuses on fertility relevant variables such as fecundity, fertility intentions, sexual orientation and traditional attitudes. The results reveal that fecundity, fertility intentions and homosexual relationship are associated with higher attrition due to refusal in bivariate analyses but have no explanatory power in the multivariate model. On the contrary, pregnancy and traditional attitudes towards marriage are significantly associated with lower attrition due to refusal in the multivariate context. Moreover, various individual and regional characteristics turned out to be significantly associated with dropout, with differences between attrition due to noncontact und attrition due to cooperation
Griechische Rechtsgeschäfte für römische Bürger. Antwort auf Eva Jakab. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte|(28) Symposion 2019 Akten der Gesellschaft für griechische und hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte Band 28|
No full textUnion Instability as an Engine of Fertility? A Micro-simulation Model for France
No full textMicro-level relationships between union formation or dissolution and childbearing haveimplications for fertility that have not been thoroughly examined. In this paper, we suggestthat these relationships comprise an ‘engine’ that produces variation and change aroundreplacement level fertility. On the one hand, union dissolution reduces opportunities forconceiving and bearing children. At the same time, it produces a pool of persons who mayenter new partnerships and produce ‘extra’ children. The balance between these twoopposing forces and their implications for fertility levels is unknown and will depend inpart on the timing of union formation and parenthood. In this paper, we estimate theparameters of these micro-level relationships for female respondents to the 1999 French`Etude de l’Histoire Familiale´. We use those parameters to simulate the implications ofnon-union childbearing, union dissolution and re-partnering for completed family size. Wealso investigate the extent to which links between union formation or dissolution andchildbearing depend on the timing of unions and births
Have Lifetime Fertility Intentions Declined During the “Great Recession”?
No full textUsing several rounds of the Eurobarometer [EB] survey, we examine the relationshipbetween lifetime fertility intentions and the “Great Recession” in Europe. We suppose thatthe increase in unemployment rates observed between 2006 and 2011, the years in whichthe two EB surveys were conducted, are key driving forces behind the decline of fertilityintentions observed in some EU countries, like Greece, over the 5-year period. Ourfindings reveal that the increasing uncertainty attached to the reported fertility intentionssubstantially contributes to the declining pattern observed over the five years and thatpeople who negatively assess the country economic situation are more likely to plansmaller family sizes than those who have a more optimistic view of the country past shorttermeconomic trend. Eventually, the aggregate negative changes occurred in fertilityintentions between 2006 and 2011 are positively correlated with the increase of youthunemployment rates. We might expect a similar declining trend in lifetime fertilityintentions also in other countries – such as Spain, Italy, Ireland and Portugal – in the yearsto come if the economic crisis starts to be perceived as heavily as in Greece in suchcountries