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Citric Acid and Microbial Phytase Inclusion in The Diet to Improve Utilization Phytate Phosporus and Growth of Broiler
Get PDFPenelitian ini menggunakan anak ayam umur 3 sampai dengan 38 hari (180 ekor) dan 7 sampai dengan 42 hari (180 ekor). Ayam diberi ransum A, B, dan C yang berbahan dasar jagung (CSM) dan ransum E, F, dan G yang berbahan dasar gandum (WSM) yang diberi perlakuan penambahan steam pada suhu 1000C selama 10 menit. Semua ransum ditambah enzim fitase (SP-1002 ct) sebanyak 500 U/kg dan dibuat dalam bentuk pelet. Khusus ransum C dan G ditambah asam sitrat. Kandungan fosfor total ransum adalah 4,5 g/kg dan fosfor tersedia adalah 1,5 g/kg (defisien P). Bobot badan harian adalah 36, 34, dan 45 g/hari untuk ayam yang diberi ransum A, B, dan C dan 54, 46, dan 55 g/hari untuk ransum E, F, dan G. Deposisi fosfor total adalah 5,75; 5,36; dan 6,99 g berturut-turut untuk ransum A, B dan C dan 8,15; 6,90; dan 7,77 g untuk E, F, dan G. Penambahan asam sitrat dalam ransum CSM yang mengandung enzim fitase rendah mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan deposisi fosfor. Pada ransum WSM, perlakuan panas menyebabkan penurunan aktifitas fitase dan penurunan ini tidak dapat digantikan dengan penambahan enzim fitase (microbial phytase) akan tetapi dapat digantikan dengan penambahan asam sitrat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam sitrat berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi enzim fitase (microbial phytase) dalam mendegradasi senyawa fitat di dalam saluran pencernaan. Kata kunci: gandum, jagung, asam sitrat, enzim fitase, asam fita
Pengaruh Penambahan Dedak Padi dan Lactobacillus plantarum 1BL-2 dalam Pembuatan Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)
No full textSilages making is a solution to overcome the shortage or excessive of forages in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rice bran as carbohydrate source and Lactobacillus plantarum 1BL-2 addition on the quality of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silages. The concentrations of rice bran and Lactobacillus plantarum 1BL-2 added were 0%,1%, 3% and 5 % (w/w) and incubated for 30 days. The results showed that the addition of 1%-5% rice bran significantly affected (
Potensi Reproduksi dan Distribusi dalam Pengembangan Kambing PE di Desa Hegarmanah Kecamatan Cicantayan Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat
No full textThe study on population dynamic of Etawah crossed goats was carried out in Hegarmanah Village, Sukabumi, West Java. Thirty famers were reviewed and their animals consisted of 52 adult does, 10 adult bucks, 21 young does, 24 young bucks and 58 kids (31 males, 27 females), were studied. Goats were housed continuously. The result showed that the average age of weaning was 5,22 months and weaning weight was 17,63 kg. The age of first matings were 9,83 month for bucks and 7,50 months for does. First kidding was 12,52 months of age and dry period was 5,20 months. Prolificacy was 1,83 kids per does. Litter size was 29,78% singles, 61,70% twins, 4,26% triplets and 4,20% quadruplets. Kidding intervals were 10,20 months. Kid mortality was 9,30%. The population increased 53,70% during six years. Key words: Etawah crossbreed goats, dynamic population, reproductio
Pengaruh Penggilingan dan Pembakaran terhadap Kandungan Mineral dan Sifat Fisik Kulit Pensi (Corbiculla Sp) untuk Pakan
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to determine the percentage of rate, nutrient contents and physical properties of grinding and roasting products of freshwater mussel shell. Fresh mussel samples were collected from four different lakes in West Sumatra: Maninjau, Singkarak, Danau Diatas and Danau Dibawah. The samples of about 3 kg each were processed to separate the shell and their body content. The shells were then dried and processed to produce three different products: raw coarse ground, raw fine ground and roasted fine ground. Parameters measured included: percent rate of meal, the content of DM, ash, Ca and P, and physical properties (angle of response, bulk and compacted bulk densities and specific density). The results showed that grinding and roasting gave no significant effect on specific density and mineral content of the meal product. The rate of meal product and bulk density decreased, while angle of response and compacted bulk density increased significantly. It was concluded that both roasting and grinding could not improve both nutrient content and physical properties of freshwater mussel shell. Key words : freshwater mussel shell, roasting, mineral composition, physical propertie
Performa Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Metabolit Aceto-Sacch dalam Air Minum
Get PDFThis research was conducted to study the effect of addition of Aceto-Sacch metabolite (m-AS) product into drinking water on performance, percentage of intestine and caeca of broilers. One hundred and fifty birds of day old chicks (DOC) of \u27Hubbard\u27 strain were divided into 5 groups of treatments. The treatments were R0 (control diet + drinking water without Aceto-Sacch metabolite / 0% m-AS), R1 (R0 + 12.5% m-AS), R2 (R0 + 25% m-AS), R3 (R0 + 50% m-AS), Rk (commercial diet + 0% m-AS). Chicken were given diet and drinking water ad libitum. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion were measured weekly. Throughout four weeks feeding trial, two animals from each group were taken and decapitated for measuring percentage of intestine and caeca. Data from completely randomized design were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and contrast orthogonal. Results showed that drinking water containing more than 25% m-AS (R2 and R3) reduced body weight, feed intake and increased percentage of small intestine and caeca. However, m-AS addition at 12.5% improved feed conversion ratio and slightly increased body weight gain. Addition of 9.0 % m-AS in total drinking water was the optimum level increasing performance of broiler. It is concluded that addition of 12.5 % m-AS product into drinking water could slightly increased body weight gain and improve feed efficiency of broiler chicken.Key words: broiler performance, drinking water, aceto-sacc
Contamination Level of Staphylococcus spp. in Raw Goat Milk and Associated Risk Factors
Get PDFThis study was aimed to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in raw goat milk by using Staphylococcus spp. as indicator bacteria, and also to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with them. Information regarding potential risk factors was collected by questionnaire. The conventional bacteriological method for bacterial isolation and the indirect test (California Mastitis Test (CMT)) for determining udder inflammation status were employed. A sample size of 300 udder halves milk samples from three commercial dairy goat farms in the Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia were investigated for counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria. Ten potential risk factors were also evaluated in relation to counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria. The results showed that the median value of indicator bacterial count from overall udder-half milk samples was 3.00 log cfu/ml. The indicator bacterial count from udder-half milk samples was significantly different (P < 0.05) among farms. Overall prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. was 78.7%. As one of potential risk factors, udder inflammation status was found to be risk factor for Staphylococcus spp. contamination in milk. Udders with inflammation had significant association and a higher chance of having contaminated samples by Staphylococcus spp. as compared to udders without inflammation. Additionally, according to these study results, CMT can be used as an effective, reliable, cheap and “farm and farmer friendly test" for screening test of intramammary infection (IMI) or sub clinical mastitis in dairy goats. Key words: goat milk, Staphylococcus spp., prevalence, risk factor, California Mastitis Tes
Kejadian Hujan Asam di Kabupaten Bogor dan Retensi Timbal pada Domba Lokal yang Diberi Ransum Berkadar Timbal Tinggi
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were: 1) to find out whether acid rain has taken place in Bogor Regency area and its effect on the lead (Pb) content in soil and roughage in the region, 2) to predict the correlation of Pb content in rain water and soil, and the content of Pb in roughage in the Bogor regency area, 3) to study the impact of acid and Pb content in the ration to sheep daily gain and measure Pb content in liver, kidney and meat. The results showed that in Bogor regency area the acid rain occurred during the dry season but not in the wet season. The Pb content in the rainwater and soil were not affected by acid rain. There was no correlation of Pb content between soil and roughage. Acid containing ration decreased daily gain, but not for the ration of high Pb-content. Acid containing ration increased Pb content in the kidney but not in the liver and meat. However, high Pb content in the ration increased the Pb content in the liver and kidney but not in the meat. Key words: acid rain, Pb, Bogor, local shee
Penentuan Aktivitas Biologis Tanin Beberapa Hijauan secara in Vitro Menggunakan ’Hohenheim Gas Test’ dengan Polietilen Glikol Sebagai Determinan
Get PDFLeaves from trees are alternative source of forage for ruminant\u27s feed. However, most of the leaves contain high concentration of phenolic compounds, especially in the form of tannins. This experiment was aimed at quantifying biological activity of tannins using in vitro gas production method without and with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The leaves used in this experiment was Salix alba, Rhus typhina and Peltiphyllum peltatum. Several rumen fermentation variables, such as organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and total VFA production were measured. The results showed that crude protein, NDF and hemicellulose contents of S. alba leaves were the highest, while there was no difference in ADF content from the others. Biological activity of tannins in S. alba, R. Typhina and P. Peltatum were 0.7%, 45.7% and 122.6%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between total phenols and tannins biological activity (r=0.70; P < 0.05), whereas no significant correlation was found for total tannins and condensed tannins. It was concluded that the addition of PEG increased in vitro gas production, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy and total VFA production after 24 hours incubation period. Key words: tannins, PEG, in vitro, fermentation, Hohenheim gas tes
Emisi Metana dan Fermentasi Rumen in Vitro Ransum Hay yang Mengandung Tanin Murni pada Konsentrasi Rendah
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted to study the effects of addition of purified tannins at low concentration into hay diet on in vitro gas emission and rumen fermentation. Treatments consisted of: P0 (control hay), P1 (hay + 0.5 mg chestnut tannin/ml of incubation medium), P2 (hay + 0.5 mg/ml mimosa tannin), P3 (hay + 0.5 mg/ml quebracho tannin) and P4 (hay + 0.5 mg/ml sumach tannin). Variables measured were gas production kinetics, organic matter digestibility (OMD), methane production, expressed as percent methane in total gas and methane production per unit organic matter digested, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. The results showed that in most cases tannin addition at 0.5 mg/ml decreased significantly (P < 0.05) total and rate of gas production, OMD, total VFA and iso-VFA. Tannin addition also decreased methane production (P < 0.05). Hydrolysable tannins seemed to have better methane reduction effect than condensed tannins. The best tannin to decrease methane was chestnut tannin, which contained hydrolysable tannins. Present research should be shifted from evaluating only the effect of condensed tannins in reducing methane emission towards some potential hydrolysable tannins since the nature and the toxicity of hydrolysable tannins are quite diverse. Key words: methane, tannin, rumen, in vitro, ha
Perubahan Malonaldehida Hati, Bobot Relatif Bursa Fabricius dan Rasio Heterofil/Limfosit (H/L) Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Cekaman Panas
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to determine the influences of heat stress and temperature-exposed time on liver malonaldehyde (MDA), relative weight of bursa fabricius and heterophil/lymfocite ratio of broilers. The research used 140 male broilers of 2 weeks of age. The treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor was five treatments: S1A (28.55?1.53 oC) with ad libitum of feeding, S1BT1 (S1 with pair feeding as S2A), S1BT2 (S1 with pair feeding as S3A), S2A (31.07?1.29 oC) with ad libitum of feeding and S3A (33.50?1.17 oC) with ad libitum of feeding. The second factor was five of temperature-exposed times (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days after treatments). Variables measured were liver MDA, relative weight of bursa fabricius and ratio of heterophil/lymphocite (H/L). The experiment used a completely randomized design in split plot (5x5), with 4 replications. The result indicated that liver MDA, relative weight of bursa fabricius and H/L ratio of S2 and S3 were higher than those of S1A, S1BT1 and S1BT2. H/L ratio of 4, 8, 16, and 32 days of temperature-exposed times were higher than that of 0 day. It was concluded that heat stress increased the liver MDA and H/L ratio, but decreased the relative weight of bursa fabricius. The temperature-exposed time increased the H/L ratio, but it did not affect the liver MDA and relative weight of bursa fabricius of broilers. Key words: heat stress, malonaldehyde, heterophil/lymphocite ratio, bursa fabricius, broile