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Efektivitas Daun Murbei Sebagai Pengganti Konsentrat dalam Sistem Rumen in Vitro
Get PDFMulberry leave has a great potential as animal feed because of its high nutrient content. It also has deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) compound, that is potential to increase fermentability of fibrous feed in ruminal system. An in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate the capability of mulberry leaves to substitute concentrate as feed for ruminant in increasing fermentability of fibrous feed in ruminal system. This experiment was carried out using randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: P0 (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate) as a control, P1 (50% rice straw + 37.5% concentrate + 12.5% mulberry leave), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% mulberry leave), P3 (50% rice straw + 12.5% concentrate + 37.5% mulberry leave), P4 (50% rice straw + 50% mulberry leave). Variables measured were fermentability (NH3 and VFA concentrations), pH, gas production, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and duncan multiple range test was further used to test the significant differences. VFA concentration, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility were significantly difference (P < 0.05) among treatments. However, there was no significant effect on the other variables. It is concluded that mulberry leave are able to substitute the concentrate and increased fermentability of fibrous feed in ruminal system. Key words: mulberry leave, rice straw, ruminal fermentation, in vitr
Performa dan Profil Beberapa Komponen Darah Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Lerak (Sapindus rarak De Candole)
Get PDFThe problem with low meat production is caused by several factors, ie: management, feed and animal health. The development of integration system such as cattle-rice, cattle-corn and cattle-palm oil aims to utilize feed from local resources. However, sometimes local feedstuff causes a problem of imbalance nutrient. There are several strategies to overcome this problem and one of them is the use of feed additives from natural substance or plant resources such as lerak (Sapindus rarak De Candole). This research was aimed to utilize lerak fruit to improve performance and evaluate some blood profiles of Ongole crossbred cattle. The in vivo work was done using 12 Ongole crossbred cattle receiving 3 different feeds as treatment, i.e. 1) feed without lerak (high roughage diet) as control, 2) feed contained 2,5% lerak, and 3) feed contained 5% lerak. Growth, daily gain, blood profiles (leucocytes, cholesterol, trigliceride and globulins) were observed. The results showed no significant differences for nutrient intake, meaning that the ration has good palatability. Average daily gain of cattle fed with 2,5% lerak was 20% higher than those with control diet. White blood cells tended to decrease caused by lerak treatments, but the globulin profiles (alpha, beta and gamma) were not significantly affected in all treatments. Blood cholesterol concentration decreased following the increase of lerak percentage. It is not recommended to use lerak in the cattle ration for more than two months because of the decreasing of leucocytes. Key words: Sapindus rarak, in vivo, leucocytes, globulins, palatabilit
Angka Konsepsi Hasil Inseminasi Semen Cair Versus Semen Beku pada Kuda yang Disinkronisasi Estrus dan Ovulasi.
Get PDFSemen used for artificial insemination (AI) can be prepared in different ways, fresh extended fresh or chilled, or frozen-thawed (FT). The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the use of preserved semen to inseminate the oestrus mares. Nineteen mares were used in this research. The mares were synchronized with double injection of PGF2? 14 days apart. The follicle size was monitored using ultrasound scanner during the third day of oestrus, and 2500 IU hCG was administered at the same time. The AI was conducted 35 hours after hCG injection with total motile sperm 200x106 for chilled semen and 250-300x106 for frozen semen. The result demonstrated that the response of the oestrus with double injection of PGF2? was 73.7%. The conception rate (CR) was 14.3% (1/7) with frozen semen and 42.9% (3/7) with chilled semen. It is concluded that AI with chilled semen resulted higher conception rate than frozen semen.Key words: mare, synchronization, oestrus, ovulation, artificial insemination dose, conception rat
Pendugaan Jarak Genetik pada Itik Cihateup, Cirebon dan Mojosari
Get PDFA study on morphological body conformation of Cihateup, Cirebon and Mojosari ducks was carried out to determine the genetic distance and discriminant variables. The research was done at PT Dwi Mitra Daq, Gunung Sindur, Bogor, using 30 Cihateup, 30 Cirebon and 30 Mojosari ducks, from September to November 2004. Length of neck, wing, circumference of chest, deep chest, body weight, circumference of tarsometatarsus, length of chest, third digit, tarsometatarsus, tibia, femur and maxilla were measured to observe their body sizes to determine the genetic distance and discriminant variables. Data obtained were analyzed by using GLM (General Linear Model) and simple discriminant analysis with SAS package program version 6.12 and program MEGA2 to make the construction of tree fenograms. Cihateup ducks had larger body size (i.e. length of neck, wing, circumference of chest, deep chest, length of third digit and femur) than Cirebon and Mojosari ducks, but were smaller on length of tarsometatarsus than Mojosari ducks. Results from canonical analysis showed that the most discriminant variables were obtained from the length of third digit tarsometatarsus, tibia and femur. Cihateup ducks were mixed with Cirebon ducks (36,67%), Cirebon ducks were mixed with Cihateup ducks (43,33%) and Mojosari ducks (3,33%), Mojosari ducks were mixed with Cihateup ducks (3,33%) and Cirebon ducks (13,33%). Mahalanobis genetic distance showed that Cihateup and Cirebon ducks had a genetic distance of 0,880, Cihateup and Mojosari, and, Cirebon and Mojosari had 1,786. Key words : duck, morphologycal, genetic distance, body conformatio
Kajian Penambahan Ragi Tape pada Pakan terhadap Konsumsi, Pertambahan Bobot Badan, Rasio Konversi Pakan, dan Mortalitas Tikus (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of tape yeast addition into rations on Rattus norvegicus performance, such as feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design 2 x 4, the first factor was sex (male and female rats), and the second factor was different levels of tape yeast added into rations (0% as R1, 0.5% as R2, 1% as R3 and 1.5% as R4). The results showed that the interaction between sex and yeast addition had significant effect on feed consumption and body weight gain (P < 0.05), but the effect was not significant on feed conversion ratio and mortality. Yeast addition in male-rat rations significantly reduced feed consumption, but did not affect body weight gain. In female rats, the addition of yeast in the rations increased body weight gain. Increasing levels of tape yeast in the rations improved the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, especially for female rats (P < 0.05). There was no single rat died during the experimental period. Rats fed ration containing 1.5% yeast showed better feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio compared to rats given other rations. Key words : rat, tape yeast, consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortalit
Pengaruh Suplementasi Acacia mangium Willd pada Pennisetum purpureum terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi dan Produksi Gas Metana in Vitro
Get PDFAn in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of Acacia mangium Willd supplementation to Pennisetum purpureum on fermentation characteristics, protozoal numbers, nutrients degradability and in vitro methane production. Treatments consisted of four composite substrates with P. purpureum and A. mangium Willd ratios at 100:0 (0%), 85:15 (15%), 70:30 (30%), and 55:45 (45%). Crude saponin and total tannin contents of A. mangium were 1.67% and 4.51%, respectively. Methane and gas productions decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to acacia levels. Addition of A. mangium at 15%, 30% and 45% decreased CH4 production by 16.2%, 26.8% and 61.1%, respectively as compared to the control. There were linear decreases in total VFA and acetate concentrations (P < 0.01), and propionate production (P < 0.05) in response to increase in acacia addition. Total protozoal populations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with added acacia. In vitro dry matter and organic matter degradabilities of substrate decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with acacia addition. It is concluded that methane production is not essentially associated with protozoal population. A. mangium has a potential use for mitigation of enteric methane production. Key words : Acacia mangium, methan, degradability, in vitr
Studi Komposisi Mineral Tepung Batu Bukit Kamang Sebagai Bahan Baku Pakan Sumber Mineral
Get PDFThe study was conducted to determine mineral content of limestone originated from natural deposit of Bukit Kamang for feedstuff. Six samples were prepared and chemically analyzed. The first was limestone in meal form as a product of local milling industry. Another five samples were deposit components with different color of blackish, dark blue, blue, light blue and white. There was 21 kinds of mineral determined which were divided into 3 groups: macros (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl and S), trace minerals (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, Co and Mo) and toxic elements (As, F, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr). The results showed that Bukit Kamang\u27s limestone contained considerable high essential minerals of Ca, Se, Fe and Mn. The limestone consisted of 38%-40% Ca, 388 ppm Se, 295 ppm Fe and 205 ppm Mn. There were two toxic elements detected: Pb and Cd, but their concentration was found relatively low: 28 and 7 ppm, respectively. Keywords: mineral content, limestone, Bukit Kamang, toxi
Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Dendeng Daging Giling terkait Cara Pencucian (Leaching) dan Jenis Daging yang Berbeda
Get PDFDendeng is a typical Indonesian jerked meat commonly made from sliced or ground beef with 2 mm thickness. This research was conducted to study the effect of kind of meat and leaching method on pH, toughness, protein, fat content and peroxide value (PV) of ground jerked meat. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was three levels of leaching methods (no washing, washed in 1.5 x 1.5 x1.5 cm size and washed minced meat). The second factor was kind of meat namely horse meat, lamb and beef. The results indicated that neither interaction effect between leaching and kind of meat nor effect of leaching were significant on all characteristics observed. Kind of meat influenced significantly on the pH, toughness, fat content and PV of dendeng (P < 0.01). Key words: dendeng, physical-chemical characteristics, leachin
Performa dan Kandungan Hormon Triiodotironin Plasma Ayam Broiler Akibat Pengaruh Cekaman Panas di Daerah Tropis
Get PDFHigh environmental temperature may cause heat stress in poultry. This may increase water consumption, decrease feed intake and in turn, decrease production and triiodothyronine hormone level. The aim of the experiment was to study performance and plasma triiodothyronine hormone of broilers exposed to heat stress in tropical area. The study used 140 male broilers of 2 weeks of age. The treatment of environmental temperatures were S1A (28.55?1.53 oC) with ad libitum of feeding, S1BT1 (S1 with pair feeding as S2A), S1BT2 (S1 with pair feeding as S3A), S2A (31.07?1.29 oC) with ad libitum of feeding and S3A (33.50?1.17 oC) with ad libitum of feeding. Variables measured were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion and triiodothyronine hormone level of plasma. The experiment design used was a completely randomized design with 4 replications and continued to Duncan test when it was significantly different. The results indicated that feed consumption and body weight gain in S1A, higher than those in S2A and S3A. The body weight gain in S1BT1 higher than those in S2A, and in S1BT2 higher than those in S3A. The level of plasma triiodothyronine hormone in S1, S1BT1 and S1BT2 was higher than those in S2A and in S3A. Key words: heat stress, body weight gain, triiodothyronine hormon
Kualitas Rumput Unggul Tropika Hasil Ensilase dengan Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Ekstrak Rumput Terfermentasi
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and king grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) ensiled with addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prepared from fermented grass extract (LBFG). Four treatments were napier grass without additive (EG), napier grass with 3% (v/w) of LBFG (EGL), king grass without additive (KG) and king grass with 3% (v/w) of BLEF (KGL). Ensiling was conducted in silos of 225 g capacity at room temperatures (approximately 28 °C) for 30 days. Chemical composition of silage, fermentation products and nutrient digestibility were measured. LBFG added silages were higher (P < 0.01) in LAB population but lower in pH value (P < 0.05) compared to silages without LBFG. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and NDF contents of LBFG added silages tended to have higher value than silages without LBFG. Total and individual VFA concentrations in KGL silage were lower (P < 0.05) than KG silage. In vitro DM and OM digestibility and Fleigh point in both silages with LBFG tended to be higher than silages without LBFG. It was concluded that addition of 3% (v/w) of LBFG improved the fermentation quality of napier and king grass silages, as shown by the lower pH value and NH3-N concentration, and the higher LAB population number. Key words: tropical grasses, lactic acid bacteria, silage, fermented grass extrac