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Polisakarida Mengandung Mannan dari Bungkil Inti Sawit Sebagai Antimikroba Salmonella typhimurium pada Ayam
Get PDFMannan containing polysaccharides could be used as an alternative to replace antibiotics due to their capacity to block the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of poultry. The aim of this study was to investigate mannan containing polysaccharides from palm kernel meal (PKM) and its inhibitory effect against Salmonella typhimurium. Hot water extractions were used to isolate mannan containing polysaccharides from cell wall of PKM. In vivo studies were conducted using broiler and layer chicks that were challenged orally with 104 cfu Salmonella typhimurium on third day. Split plot design was used as experimental design with strain as main plot and level of mannan polysaccharides as sub plot. The levels of mannan containing polysaccharides that were used consisted of 0 (R0); 1000 (R1); 2000 (R2); 3000 (R3); 4000 (R4) ppm, in term of total sugar. The results indicated that compared to the control group, feeding PKM containing mannan 4000 ppm decreased (P < 0.01) Salmonella typhimurium incidence. The addition of mannan did not affect feed consumption. On the contrary, the addition of 4000 ppm mannan gave significantly higher feed/weight gain ratio of the chicks (P < 0.05). The administration of feed supplemented with mannan from PKM did not influence weight gain of poultry. It is concluded that mannan from PKM can prevent the colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in poultry. Key words: palm kernel meal, mannan, Salmonella typhimurium, performance, poultr
Forage Resources in Livestock-Cropping Smallholder Systems. A Case Study of Farmers at Transmigration Areas of Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara
Get PDFA study aimed to identify the farmer practice in providing feed for their Bali cattle was undertaken at Satuan Pemukiman A (SPA) sub-village, Manggalewa sub district, Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara, a region of highly variable rainfall patterns and lengthy dry seasons. A critical aspect of this study was the detailed characterization of the availability, quality and usage patterns for existing forage resource within the SPA mixed crop-livestock farming system. The study found that SPA farmers used varying mixtures of free or tethered grazing and cut and carry to supply the forage needs of their cattle. The available grazing was of good quality and supply in the wet season but declined rapidly by early dry season. From mid-dry season on, the vast majority of farmers relied increasingly on cut and carry forage from a range of sources including volunteer pastures, crop residues, shrub legumes and finally other sources such as banana and papaya stem, cashew apple and native tree leaves in the late dry season. Despite some use of high quality shrub legumes such as Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium the quantity and quality of available forage was often below maintenance, especially for lactating cows. The study also revealed that existing forage sources such as the shrub legumes L. leucocephala and G. sepium maintained high levels of crude protein and digestibility year round. Greater use of shrub legumes (especially G. sepium) and conserved forages have the potential to significantly reduce the feed gap in the second half of the dry season at SPA. Key words: Bali cattle, smallholder, cut and carry, pasture, shrub legum
Struktur Histopatologi Ginjal dan Hati Kambing Penderita Tripanosomiasis Pasca Pengobatan Berenil
Get PDFBerenilR (diminazene aceturate) is a chemotrypanocide and commonly used for treatment of protozoa infections as Babesiosis, Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis in large animals. Indonesian government explained that the drug was never used before. Since 1999, Directorate of Livestock Services, Department of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia recommended that the drug could be used for treatment of Trypanosomes cases. In contrast, the dosage level for the treatment of Trypanosomes was never determined before. In the late 2005, Indonesian researchers have investigated the new dosage of BerenilR for trypanosomes treatment. Base on the problem described above, the study was carried out to evaluate toxic effect of BerenilR to kidneys and livers. The objective of this study was to obtain the new data of toxic effect at multiple dosages. Ten Etawa breed goats were infected by Trypanosoma evansi Bangkalan isolate at more than 3.108 Trypanosoma/ml during the week. Five of ten subjects were treated by intramuscularly of BerenilR at multiple doses or superimpose dose (initial dosage 10.44 mg/kg body weight and four times of 7 mg/kg body weight every 31 minutes). Forty five days post treatment; the subjects were killed and the kidneys and livers were removed and preserved in 20% formalin. The histological specimens of their organs stained by haematoxylline eosin (HE) were examined by light microscope. There were no breakage on the histology structure of the Etawa breed goat kidneys and livers after treatment. It could be concluded that the BerenilR at multiple dosages was effective dose for treatment (P < 0.05) of Trypanosomes. Key words: diminazene aceturate, superimpose, goats, toxic effect, kidney, live
Performa dan Bobot Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan Limbah Udang Hasil Fermentasi Bacillus sp.
Get PDFAn experiment examined the effect of the inclusion of different levels of shrimp waste meal (LUFb) fermented with Bacillus sp. in diets on growth performance and digestive organ weight of broilers. A total of 75 d-old broiler chicks were randomized in five treatments with 3 replicate pens of 5 birds each. Treatments consisted of 0 (control), and inclusion of LUFb of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12,5% in the diets. Birds were offered with feed and water ad-libitum. Feed and birds were weighed weekly up to 35 day to calculate determine body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. At the end of experimental period, the birds were sacrificed and dress up to calculate carcass percentage and digestive organ weight. There was a significant negative linear response in body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion with increasing of LUF more than 5% in the diets, but carcass percentage was almost the same for all treatments. There was no significant response in digestive organ weight with increasing levels of LUF. The present result indicated that LUFb is potential feed ingredient to substitute part of dietary protein requirement of broiler but should be limited upto 5% to maintain growth performance, and digestive organ weight. Key words: shrimp waste meal, broiler, digestive orga
Desain Pendekatan Komunikasi Partisipatif dalam Pemberdayaan Peternak Domba Rakyat
Get PDFThis article explores the result of preliminary study conducted in two years (2006-2007) for designing participatory communication approach for small farmers’ empowerment. For that purpose basic data and information, such as; (a) level of knowledge, attitude and practices, (b) communication behavior and mass media accessibility, (c) focal problem and another potential resources have been collected. Data and information were gathered by survey method and participation action research. Meanwhile, participatory communication approach was designed by participatory communication strategy design (PCSD). Study indicated that good knowledge was not always followed by positive attitude toward daily management practices. From this point and based on validating focal problem, the existing of small famers group, and farmer’s communication behavior, participatory communication approach was developed. Small group communication forum supplemented with little printed media (leaflet) are still suited for increasing farmers’ knowledge, especially for unrecognized ones. The printed media should be the combination between pictures with simple texts (not more than four lines). Rationale (cause-effect model) for message treatment with informational, argumentation, and motivational message’s format is suggested. Key words: communication approach, empowerment, participatory, small farme
Biometri Organ Reproduksi Bagian Luar dan Karakteristik Ejakulat Anoa (Bubalus sp.) yang Dikoleksi Menggunakan Elektroejakulator Setelah Diinjeksi hCG
Get PDFThis experiment aimed to investigate characteristics of reproductive organ (external parts) of the anoa (Bubalus sp.) and semen characteristics that collected by using electroejaculator after hCG injection, as an initial step on implementation of assisted reproductive techniques. Anoa is Indonesian endemic fauna that included into Appendix I by CITES. Anoa breeding efforts have not succeeded, due to their agressivity, soliter, wildness and monogamous. This experiment was carried out in Ragunan Zoo (Jakarta), Taman Safari Indonesia (Bogor), and Divison of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). Biometry of reproductive organ were measured by microcaliper and nylon tape. Semen was collected by electroejaculator, under anesthetized condition. Ejaculate was evaluated macro- and microscopically. The results showed that the reproductive organ was larger as it is getting older. But, it was generally smaller compared to the buffalo\u27s. The characteristics of fresh semen were: volume 1.02±0.28 ml, pH 6.93±0.19, mass movement 0, progressive motility 52.50±18.91%, live-death ratio 67.48±8.24%, concentration 263.33±105.06 billion/mL and total abnormality 31.86±3.72% (primary abnormality 9.52±3.85%, secondary abnormality 22.33±1.46%). The semen qualities were fairly good, even though some parameters showed lower number compared to buffalo\u27s. It is important to improve the collection technique, animal handling and appropriate extender development for semen cryopreservation. Key words: anoa, biometry of external reproductive organ, semen characteristics, electroejaculato
Kappa-Casein Genotypic Frequencies in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle in West Java Province
Get PDFKappa casein (ĸ-cn) gene as one of the four casein genes commonly has two variant alleles. B allele is positively correlated with milk proteins, so potentially be used as MAS to improve milk protein content. This study aimed to identify genetic variation of the ĸ-casein gene in Holstein-Friesian (HF) from several dairy regions in West Java. Blood samples were taken through jugular vein of lactating heifers and cows, from intensive managements under the Local Government Dairy Breeding Station - Cikole (BBPT Cikole-SP) (82 hds), Embryo Transfer Station (BET) (50 hds), and Eco Farm of Animal Science Faculty of Bogor Agricultural University (EcoFarm) (20 hds); as well as from semi-intensive managements of small dairy farmers under the supervision of the North Lembang Cooperative Unit (KPSBU Lembang) in two villages of Cilumber (98 hds) and Pasar Kemis (92 hds). Blood samples were also taken via cocsigalis vein of AI (active and non active) HF bulls at the two National AI Stations in Lembang (25 hds) and Singosari (32 hds). Identification of genetic variation was by applying PCR-RFLP method. Three genotypes were identified, namely AA, AB, and BB, resulting two alleles of A and B. Results entirely showed that the frequencies of the BB HF female were very low, with the range of 0%-6% (vs AA genotype= 10%-54% and AB genotype= 46%-85%), despite of the relatively high frequency of the B allele over the A allele (23%-48% vs. 52%-77%). The low frequency of the observed BB females might be due to the limited AI active BB bulls used for services by the two national AI stations (0%-4%)
A Study of Contract Broiler Production in Lombok, NTB: An Opportunity of Introducing Syariah Partnership
Get PDFA study to evaluate the implementation of integrated poultry production through contract farming system in Lombok, NTB was carried out from June to November 2009. The descriptive methods were used whilst the data was collected using survey methods. Fifty contract farmers were selected to measure the business performance with references on management, performance production index, FCR, and percentage of mortality. The results of this study indicated that the contract broiler production was chosen due to: (1) risk sharing (27.6%), financial credits (25.8%), and the guarantee of marketing (23.3 %). Dissatisfaction particularly in aspects of incentive determination, the quota, and margins. The margin ratios between farmers and integrators, 30%: 70%; 40%: 60% or 50%: 50% with no clear reasons. Performance parameter was as an expectation, suggesting feed quality and management aspects were well implemented. In respect to Syariah bank, its outstanding was well understood but it have not been attractive to the contract farmers. The capital is not the main reason to work with the integrators. The government involvement was needed to encourage poultry industry growth and looking for the new potential region and legislation on maintaining environment. New investors should be encouraged to overcome instability price
Pengaruh Tepung Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dalam Ransum terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Serum dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFCrab shells contain the highest percentage of chitin. Chitin and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of crab (Portunus pelagicus) shells as a source of chitin in ration on serum cholesterol and weight gain of rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study was carried out in a factorial experiment 2 x 5 with 3 replications. The first factor is sex and the second factor is crab shells of 5 levels i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in ration. The study showed that there were no interaction effect between sex and crab shells levels in diet on all parameters. Serum cholesterol levels decreased (P > 0.05) and weigh gain increased (P < 0.01) when crab shells were included in the diets. The highest reduction of serum cholesterol level (14,8%) was observed at crab shells level of 10%, but the highest weight gain was reached at 5% inclusion of crab shells. These results suggest that crab shells in rat diets reduced serum cholesterol level and increased weight gain. Key words: crab shells, cholesterol, gain, ra
Peluang Pengembangan Usaha Sapi Perah di Daerah Dataran Rendah Kabupaten Cirebon
Get PDFA field study on dairy cattle farms development in low land was conducted in Cirebon district applying a survey method to record all existing dairy cattle farms in the region. Data were collected by interviewing dairy farmers and monitoring the dairy cattle farms. Descriptive approach was applied in data analysis. Constraints would accur, if problems of relatively warm environment in such low land area could not be overcome. Improvements that could be recommended include : an appropriate tropical housing, energy rich feeding and more frequent feeding. Funthermore existing dairy cattle farms in the district should be replaced by dairy types that are resistence to warm environment. Sufficient feed availability and relatively high price of milk should be an optimum condition to enchance dairy cattle development in the said region. In addition, dairy cattle farms is a good opportunity to widely develop and to stimulate by increasing production scale and productivity through improving feeding regimes and adjusting livestock composition to achieve better economic efficiency. Key words: dairy cattle, low land, resources, developmen