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Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus yang Diberi Tepung Kedelai Kaya Isoflavon, Seng (Zn) dan Vitamin E
Get PDFThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on quality of rats spermatozoa as animal model. Diet was given as isonitrogen and isocaloric with 15% of dietary protein. Thirty male Sprague Dawley post weaning rats (21 days old) were divided into six groups and treated with isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E in different combination. Isoflavone-riched soybean flour (3 mg/day) was given by oral administration, whereas Zn and vitamin E were mixed with the basic diet. The treatments were given for 2 months. Thirty female Sprague Dawley post weaning rats (21 days old) were used to observe male fertility. Results indicated that synergic interaction between isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E increased motility and concentration of rats spermatozoa. The treatment was not significant on relative weight of testis, conception rate and foetus size. The best results was shown by the group which was given isoflavone-riched soybean flour with diet containing both Zn and vitamin E, i.e. motility rate of 79.50±1.12%, sperm concentration of 1636.90±87.95 million/ml, and abnormality rate of 9.00±0.70%. Conception rate and the number of foetus on female rats were 100% and 11±0.71, respectively. It is concluded that combination treatment of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E on male rats showed the best fertility in comparison with single treatment and the other combination. Key words: isoflavone-riched soybean, Zn, vitamin E, quality of spermatozoa, ra
Inkorporasi Kromium oleh Fungi Ganoderma lucidum dengan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Substrat
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the effective Cr (chromium) level for Ganoderma lucidum growth in solid state fermentation of oil palm by-product. Treatments were combination of Cr level (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 25000, and 3000 ppm) and fermentation time (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks). The treatments were allocated in a factorial 7x5 of complete randomized design with four replications. Inoculant of G. lucidum was grown in potato dextrosa agar (PDA) medium for 10 days and then innoculated to substrate which have been autoclaved and mixed with CrCl3.6H2O. The moisture of substrate was maintained at 65%. Growth media of G. lucidum was diluted with aquades and the supernatant was analysed for its Cr content. The result showed that the addition of Cr up to 3000 ppm into the medium stimulated the G. lucidum growth in all experimental condition. The Cr ions were incorporated into the media and G. lucidum cells during fermentation. Incorporation of chromium by G. lucidum was higher in oil palm by-product substrate with 3000 ppm Cr than the others. It is concluded that Cr can be incorporated into the G. lucidum cells during fermentation. The effective level of Cr for G. lucidum growth was 3000 ppm with efficiency of Cr incorporation 68.23% in 8 weeks fermentation and chromium in protein of fermentation product was 12.01%. Key words: chromium, Ganoderma lucidum, oil palm by-produc
Identifikasi Keragaman Genetik Gen Reseptor Hormon Pertumbuhan (GHR|Alu I) pada Sapi Bali
Get PDFGrowth hormone receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effects on target tissues. The objective of the study was to estimate genetic diversity of the GHR|AluI gene in bali, limousin, simmental and pesisir cattle. Genotyping was performed on 248 animals, including 162 bali, 21 limousin, 17 simmental and 48 pesisir. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) had been found in exon 10, coding for the cytoplasmic domain of GHR, which was located at position 81 bp (A/G) induced amino acid substitutions Ser/Gly. Genotype frequencies of bali cattle AA (0.988), GG (0.006) and AG (0.006) were evidenced for the GHR AluI monomorphism, but mostly different from limousin GG (0.667), AA (0.238) and AG (0.095), simmental AG (0.529), GG (0.471) and AA (0.000), pesisir AA (0.604), GG (0.375) and AG (0.021) were the evidence of polymorphism. Homozigosity (monomorphism) in bali cattle might be affected by adaptability in extreme environmental conditions such as poor nutrition and improper management practices. It also could be affected by natural selection and phenotype plasticity phenomena.
Dadih Susu Sapi Hasil Fermentasi Berbagai Starter Bakteri Probiotik yang Disimpan pada Suhu Rendah: Karakteristik Kimiawi
Get PDFThis experiment was designed to improve quality of dadih in a process which was more controlled. The use of cow milk was to replace buffalo milk utilization due to its availability was very limited; the use of probiotic starter combination was to conduct fermentation process of dadih more controlled, and the specific characteristics of dadih could be measured. Therefore the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the best starter concentration that will be used in fermentation process of dadih and to investigate chemical characteristics of dadih from cow milk fermented with different combination of probiotic starter bacteria (L. plantarum (A1), L. plantarum + L. acidophilus (A2), L. plantarum + B. bifidum (A3) and L. plantarum + L. acidophilus + B. bifidum (A4)) and stored at low temperatures for 0, 7 and 14 days. The results showed that the best starter concentration was 3% with similar comparison among starters and the combinations of probiotic starter bacteria did not affect significantly moisture, protein, fat, ash contents, pH and titratable acidity of dadih at H-0 (before storage). The characteristics of dadih after storing for 14 days at low temperature showed that combinations of starter affected significantly pH and titratable acidity (
Penggunaan Ampas Tahu untuk Meningkatkan Gizi Pakan Domba Lokal
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the performance of lambs that given different amounts of soya cake waste. The amounts were 0, 100, 200 and 300 g as treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4. Twenty four male indigenous lambs fed ad libitum native grass hay (12.45 ± 1.67 kg) were devided into four groups. Randomized complete design was applied to this study. The effect of treatments was evaluated by analyses of variance and Duncan test. The results showed that the increase of soya cake waste, increased the intake of dry matter, crude protein, TDN, daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.01). The intakes were 628 to 897 g dry matter, 77 to 140 g crude protein, 415 to 635 g TDN, 15 to 95 g daily gain and 0.024 to 0.110 feed efficiency, respectively. Key words: soy cake waste, lamb, hay, daily gain, feed efficienc
Pengaruh Substitusi Jagung dengan Corn Gluten Feed (CGF) dalam Ransum terhadap Kualitas Karkas Babi dan Analisis Ekonomi
Get PDFThis research was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn gluten feed as corn substitution in the rations on swine carcass quality and economic analysis. The rations consisted of different levels of corn gluten feed (0%, 20%, 35% and 50%) as corn substitution. The portion of corn was 30% in grower ration and 25% in finisher ration. A completely randomized design was used in this research. Slaughtered weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, carcass length, backfat thickness and loin eye area were observed. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that corn gluten feed did not significantly affect all parameters of carcass quality. Economic analysis showed that the use of corn gluten feed as corn substitution on swine rations produced lower profit. Key words : corn gluten feed, carcass quality, swin
Inkorporasi Kromium pada Khamir dan Kapang dengan Substrat Dasar Singkong yang Diberi Kromium Anorganik
Get PDFOrganic-chromium (Cr) has higher availability for animals than inorganic-Cr sources. One of organic-Cr sources known is fungi contained high Cr. This organic-Cr was incorporated to fungi protein. Information about the best fungi or microorganisms used in organic-Cr production is still limited. The objective of this experiment was to study organic-Cr production using different kinds of fungi as Cr carrier. Organic-Cr production was conducted in a 4x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design with 3 replications. Four fungi used as carriers in organic-Cr production as the first factor were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae and "ragi tape". The second factor was levels of Cr addition (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg). Addition of 1000 mg Cr/kg substrate gave the highest Cr incorporation to fungi protein (484 mg/kg) and Cr incorporation efficiency (21.1%). The best fungi used as carrier in organic-Cr production was Rhizopus oryzae which gave the highest Cr incorporation (488 mg/kg) and incorporation efficiency (24.7%). Key words: organic-Cr, production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhyzopus oryzae, "ragi tape
Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi Fermentasi
Get PDFRice straw as one of agriculture by product has low nutritive value. Fermentation of rice straw increased its nutrient digestibility and palatability. Present experiments aimed to study the effect of feeding rations composed of concentrate and ground fermented rice straw supplemented with urea and probiotic. The first trial was conducted to study the apparent digestibility of experimental diets in 18 Etawah-grade bucks with 1-1.5 year age and initial body weight of 30.18 ± 8.38 kg. The second trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding experimental rations on reproduction, milk yield and its quality in 24 Etawah-grade does with 1 to 3 years age and initial weight of 35.75 ± 5.72 kg. The rations were as follows; KJP = concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw; KJG = concentrate + ground fermented rice straw; KRG = concentrate + elephant grass. A completely randomized design was applied in both nutrient digestibility and performance trials. In both trials, the rations were offered twice daily. Does and kids were weighted once in two week. Does were milked manually once a week for 3 months post partum. Milk was sampled for determination of its specific gravity, protein, fat and solid content. Gestation length, litter size, birth weigth and weaned weight were recorded. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake, and apparent digestibility of DM did not differ significantly among treatments. However, apparent digestibility of CP in goat offered KJG was lower (P < 0.05) than those of KRG and KJP. DM and CP intake of does was higher (P < 0.05) for the KRG treatment but those were not differ between KJP and KJG treatments. Gestation length, litter size, the body weight of does during pregnancy and lactation, the body weight of kids from birth to weaning, milk yield and quality of milk were not different ammong tretaments. These results suggested that fermented rice straw can be used to substitute the elephant grass. Key words: Goat, straw, fermentation, digestibility, milk, kid
Penggunaan Tepung Limbah Udang yang Diolah dengan Filtrat Air Abu Sekam dalam Ransum Ayam Broiler
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to measure the effect of different levels of shrimp head waste (SHW) substituting fish meal (FM) in broiler diets. FM is the sole crude protein from animal sources. A control fish meal broiler diet and four different levels of SHW substituted for crude protein FM were fed to CP 707 Arbor Acres broiler strains from day old chick to four weeks of age. The crude proteins FM were replaced with 0 (R0); 25 (R1); 50 (R2); 75 (R3); and 100 (R4) percent of crude protein SHW. The five treatments were assigned to completely randomized design. Feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion and carcass percentage were recorded to measure the performances. The results of Duncan\u27s revealed that feed consumption, feed conversion and carcass percentage were not significantly different with increasing level of SHW as substituted crude protein FM in broiler diets. However these parameters in bird fed 100 % SHW diets did not differ from those in birds fed 16 % FM (7.32% crude protein from FM). While body weight gain decreased with increasing levels of SHW in broiler diets (R4). The decrease body weight gain may be due to the decreased feed intake and amino acid in balance and the increased chitin content in the diet. The conclusion of this experiment that SHW can be used as a protein source in broiler diets up to 75% to replace FM. Key words: shrimp head waste meal, fish meal, broiler, performance
Suplementasi Fitase, Seng dan Tembaga dalam Ransum Sebagai Stimulan Pertumbuhan Ayam Broiler
Get PDFZinc and Cu have important roles in growth and immune system, but their bioavailability are low due to the phytic acid content in poultry diet. This experiment was conducted in order to obtain the best combination of phytase, Zn, and Cu as growth stimulants for broiler fed diet containing phytic acid. Two hundred eighty eight Day Old Chicks unsexed were allocated into nine treatment diets with four replications (eight chicks in each replicate). The birds were raised up to 42 days old. Combination of the treatment diets were: R1 (positive control), R2 (negative control), R3 (R2 + 132.70 ppm ZnO), R4 (R2 + 286.16 ppm CuSO4), R5 (R2 + 132.70 ppm ZnO + 286.16 ppm CuSO4), R6 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg), R7 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg + 132.70 ppm ZnO), R8 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg + 286.16 ppm CuSO4 ), R9 (R2 + phytase 1000 FTU/kg + 132.70 ppm ZnO + 286.16 ppm CuSO4). The results of this research indicated that the phytase supplementation (1000 FTU/kg), ZnO (132.70 ppm), and CuSO4 (286.16 ppm) in poultry diet 1) improved the body weight and feed conversion, but did not significantly influence the feed consumption, 2) increased serum Zn, and 3) increased the alkalin and phosphatase activity. Key words: phytase, zinc, copper, broiler, growth stimulan