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Pola Pertumbuhan Rumput Signal (Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick) pada Padang Penggembalaan dengan Aplikasi Sumber Nutrien Berbeda
Get PDFAn investigation on growth behavior parameters and its dynamic pattern of signal grass (Brachiaria humidicola) grown under influence of inorganic and organic nutrient supply was conducted during period of wet and early dry seasons in 2004. Five sets of treatments consisted of control (P0), mulch originated from pasture weed biomass (Chromolaena odorata) (PC), animal dung (PF), combination of mulch and dung (PC+F) and inorganic fertilizer (PA) were applied to one year existing signalgrass plots. Block randomized design with 4 replications was used in this experiment. The results showed that application of PA produced the highest length of stolons, node and tiller numbers. There was an improvement of growth by application of PC, PF and PC+F, but at lower level than those of PA. Application of PA caused short growth period (6-8 weeks) to reach maximum length of stolon, node and tiller numbers, but less persistent (10-12 weeks) if the grass had not been defoliated. On the other hand, application of organic nutrient led to slow growing grass, but it showed more persistent. The application of organic nutrient supply (PC, PF and PC+F) resulted the best growth of signal grass in comparison with control and more persistent than that of inorganic fertilizer (PA). Key words: Brachiaria humidicola, stolon, tiller, node, mulc
Penampilan Produksi Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Bacillus circulans dan Bacillus sp. Selama Periode Pemulihan Setelah Pembatasan Ransum
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of Bacillus circulans and Bacillus sp. as probiotic during realimentation period on performance of broiler chickens. Three hundred of 7 days-old unsexed broiler chicken of Cobb commercial strain were used in the experiment. The treatments were: control ration was fed ad libitum (P-0), ration with energy restriction at 1.5xBW0.67EM kcal/day without (P-1) and with (P-2) probiotic supplementation during realimentation period, and ration with energy restriction at 2.25xBW0.67EM kcal/day without (P-3) and with (P-4) probiotic supplementation during realimentation period. Feed restriction was applied from 7 to 14 days of age. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The results showed that feed intake and body weight gain of chickens submitted to early feed restriction on P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of chicken fed control diet. During realimentation period, body weight gain of chicken given P-1 and P-2 was lower (P < 0.05) than those obtained from P-3, P-4 and P-0 from 14 to 28 days of age. Compensatory growth only occur during the 28 to 35 days of age on P-4 and had similar performance with control at age of 42 days. It was concluded that energy restriction 2.25xBW0.67EM kcal/day for 7 days (7 to 14 days of age) with supplementation of probiotic B. circulans and Bacillus sp. (P-4) during realimentation period showed similar compensatory growth and body weight, but production index and feed cost better than control. Key words: feed restriction, probiotic, realimentation
Proporsi dan Karakteristik Spermatozoa X dan Y Hasil Separasi Kolom Albumin
Get PDFThe objectives of this research was to know the proportion and cha-racteristic of sperm after separated by albumen column technique. To identify the sperm bearing X, Y chromosome, the head of sperm from the fresh semen and the separated sperm were measured by morfometric method. The length and the width of the head sperm from fresh semen (9.21 and 5.10 m) were smaller than up fraction (9.68 and 5.44 µm) and similar with bottom fraction (9.15 and 5.14 µm). The proportion of X, Y spermatozoa from fresh semen (43 : 57) were significantly different (P < 0.01) compare to up fraction (80.88 : 19.12). However, almost similar with bottom fraction (41.80 : 58.82). The motility and sperm plasm membrane intact of spermatozoa from fresh semen were (77.5 and 79.68%) significantly higher (P < 0.01) compare to X spermatozoa (70.83 and 62.04%) and also Y spermatozoa (75 and 63.1%). The abnormality of sperm from fresh semen (2.17%) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) compare to X spermatozoa (6.32%) and Y spermatozoa (7.91%). These results showed that the sperm after separated by albumen column technique could be used for artificial insemination. Key words : sperm plasm, membrane intact, motility, albumin colum
Evaluasi Kualitas Nutrien Dedak Gandum Hasil Olahan Enzim yang Diproduksi Aspergillus niger dan Trichoderma viride pada Ransum Ayam Broiler
Get PDFAn addition of crude enzyme from A. niger and T. viride was done to increase nutrien quality of wheat bran with an addition of commercial enzyme as a comparison. Nutrient composition, metabolizable energy and performance of broiler were parameters observed to evaluate the improvement. Enzymes from A. niger, T. viride and commercial enzyme were capable of decreasing fiber and increasing metabolizable energy of wheat bran. Crude fiber content of wheat bran decreased by 14.86%, 8.24% and 0.36%, true metabolizable energy increased by 8.25%, 7.98% and 2.22% when wheat bran was treated with enzymes from A. niger, T. viride and commercial enzyme, respectively. Except for wheat bran treated with commercial enzyme, utilization of wheat bran-treated enzymes from A. niger and T. viride could increase feed intake, daily gain and final weight of broilers. However, the enzyme addition did not improve feed conversion. It is concluded that the addition of enzymes from A. niger and T. viride could improve nutrient quality of wheat bran. Key words : wheat bran, crude enzymes, T. viride, A. niger, broiler
Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less.) sebagai Obat Antistres pada Ayam Broiler
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to find a cheaper alternative antistress for broiler rather than the commercial synthetic one. Ninety DOC strain CP 707 were used in this study which were divided into 18 groups, each consist of 5 chicken and kept in the animal house with a litter system. This study used Completely Randomized Design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: 1) drinking water + commercial antistress as positive control, 2) drinking water without extract of beluntas leaf and without commercial antistress as negative control, 3) drinking water + 5% extract of beluntas leaf given continuously, 4) drinking water + 5% extract of beluntas leaf given discontinuously (given only at the time when commercial antistress was given), 5) drinking water + 10% extract of beluntas leaf given continuously, 6) water + 10% extract of beluntas leaf given discontinuously. The results showed that treatments significantly (
Pengaruh Interval Pemotongan dan Invasi Gulma Chromolaena odorata terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Rumput Brachiaria humidicola
Get PDFAn excellent animal performance has to be supported by feed availability. Quality and quantity of forages are important factors. The existence of weeds significantly decreases rate of production and quality of herbage. Physically weed control by defoliation could be expected to sustain quality and production of herbage, and able to control weeds expansion. The aims of the study were to find the effect of interval defoliation of B. humidicola that was invaded by C. odorata and its effect on production, crude protein, phosphor, calcium contents of B. humidicola herbage, production and population dynamic of C. odorata. The treatments were nine different planting methods and different defoliation intervals, namely: B. humidicola was defoliated every 30 days without C. odorata (P1); B. humidicola was defoliated every 60 days without C. odorata (P2); B. humidicola was defoliated every 90 days without C. odorata (P3); B. humidicola were defoliated every 30 days, C. odorata were not defoliated (P4); B. humidicola were defoliated every 60 days, C. odorata were not defoliated (P5); B. humidicola were defoliated every 30 days, C. odorata were not defoliated (P6); B. humidicola and C. odorata were defoliated every 30 days (P7); B. humidicola and C. odorata, were defoliated every 60 days (P8); B. humidicola and C. odorata were defoliated every 90 days (P9). Two experiment designs namely Completely Randomized Block Design and Split Plot Design in Time were used in the field experiments. The result of the experiments showed that dry matter production of B. humidicola which were defoliated every 90 days were not significantly different than those defoliated every 60 days, but it was significantly higher than those defoliated every 30 days. Crude protein, phosphor, and calcium content of herbage which were defoliated every 30 days were significantly higher than those defoliated every 60 days and 90 days. Present and defoliation of C. odorata did not affect the herbage production, and phosphor content, but it decreased crude protein and calcium content of B. humidicola herbage. Keywords: production, quality, herbage, defoliation interva
Sistem 3 Strata sebagai Strategi Pemulihan dan Peningkatan Mutu Genetis Kambing dan Domba Indonesia (ULASAN)
No full textmodification of conventional production system called Pyramidal Structure is presented and termed as a Sistem 3 Strata. The system consists of 3 sub systems, they are Breeding, Multiplication, and Commercial. The Pyramidal system had been proven to be very effective in sustaining and improving the genetic potency of layers and broilers (poultry). The system was proposed to be implemented in sustaining and improving the genetic potency of the Indonesian sheep and goats. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of the system using Garut sheep, based on the assumption of the 15% bank rate, at the capital investment level of Rp 6.400.000.000,00 and the production level of 155 lambs marketed per week. The results indicated that the economic feasibility was reached at the farm capacity of 8.537 su (Sheep Unit). The pay back period was 3,95 years, and the IRR and the NPV (i=20%) at the end of the 6th year were 19,17% and Rp 5.383.297.270,00. Key words: pyramidal structure, breeding, multiplication, commercial, Garut shee
Induksi Superovulasi dengan Kombinasi CIDR, Hormon FSH dan hCG pada Induk Sapi Potong
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of superovulation treatment using combination of CIDR, FSH and hCG in beef cattle as donor embryos using MOET programme. All animals had been palpated to evaluated the ovary status and normal cows were used as donor and synchronized with CIDR (Eazy BreedTM). At day 10 of oestrus cycle, cows were divided into two groups, first group: cows were injected intramuscularly with FSH (Antrin) 40 IU per cow with decreasing doses (for 4 days) and second group cows were treated the same way but at day 5 after FSH injection, they were injected intramuscularly with 1,500 IU hCG (Chorulon). Embryo collection was done at day 7 after Artificial Insemination (AI). Average number of corpora lutea (CL) in animals that superovulated with CIDR, FSH and hCG was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to animals treated with CIDR and FSH only (5.52). Average number of embryo collection and number of transferable embryos were also higher in group treated with hCG (6.00 vs 5.44) compared with those treated without hCG (4.33 vs 3.17). The conclusion is hCG superovulation injection with CIDR and FSH can increase the respon of superovulation. Key words : superovulation, CIDR, FSH, hCG, beef cattl
Sifat Fisik Pakan Kaya Serat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Konsumsi
Get PDFFibrous feeds vary in their physical properties. The experiment aimed to clarify the effect of physical properties of fibrous component in rations on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in goats. Rations were composed of 50% fibrous feed and 50% concentrate. The fibrous feed as treatments were as follows: napier grass (RG), rice straw (JP), cocoa pod (KC), mixed rice straw and coffee husk (JK), mixed napier grass, rice straw, coffee husk, and cocoa pod (CP). Rations were offered to four groups of 20 Etawah-grade goats weighing of 13.50±2.14 kg in a randomized block design. Physical properties of the fibrous components of ration and faeces, nutrients intake and digestibility and daily life weight gain were evaluated. Analysis of variance and correlation were applied to analyze data. Dry matter intake varied from 298-440 g/day. Goats offered KC ration had the highest intake. Low feed intake was associated with the low density of the fibrous component. Dietary fat digestibility decreased when the fibrous feed component had low capacity of oil adsorption. Young goats had life weight gain of 50-136 g/day, TDN requirement for maintenance and 50 g daily gain of 63.4 g and 131 g TDN, respectively. The results indicated that physical properties of fibrous component in the rations influenced dry matter intake and nutrients digestibility in growing goats. Key words : physical properties, intake, nutrient, digestibility, goa
Respons Ayam Kampung terhadap Penambahan Kalsium Asal Siput (Lymnae Sp) dan Kerang (Corbiculla molktiana) pada Kondisi Ransum Miskin Fosfor
Get PDFThe objectives of this present investigation were to evaluate effects of using shell of freshwater snail as major source of calcium in the diets on performance and bone mineralization of growing native chicks (1-12 weeks of age). There were four dietary treatments. The first was a basal diet (negative control) containing 0.5 % bone meal, but deficient in phosphor. Three other diets which were relatively the same in composition as that of basal diet, but one supplemented with 2.5 % oyster shell (positive control) and two with 2.5% shell of freshwater snail obtained from two different water bodies: lake and rice field, respectively. One hundred birds of native chicken were divided into four groups of treatments with five replicates with 5 birds each and offered experimental diets for 12 weeks. Parameters measured included: body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight of tibia bone and their ash and mineral (Ca and P) composition and retention. The chicks fed on diets containing shell of freshwater snails showed no significantly difference in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR with those fed on diet containing oyster shell, but significantly lower body weight gain than those fed on basal diet containing only bone meal. Feeding of diets supplemented with shell of snails and oyster decreased significantly the body weight gain. However, no significantly difference was observed in the weight and content of ash, Ca and P of tibia bone. Key words : freshwater snail, native chicken, mineral nutrition, bone mineralizatio