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Kualitas Daging Kancil (Tragulus javanicus)
Get PDFLesser mouse deer is a native animal, which is commonly found in the forest of Java and information concerning this animal is still limited. This research explored the quality of lesser mouse deer meat (Tragulus javanicus). Eight lesser mouse deer (four females and four males) were used in quality aspects of lesser mouse deer meat. The physical properties observed were pH, water holding capacity, tenderness, and cooking loss. While the chemical properties observed were proximate analysis, amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, and EPA-DHA of the meat. The results showed that meat samples had average of ultimate pH (6.32), water holding capacity (32.82%), tenderness (1.80 kg f/m2), and cooking loss (45.15%). The average meat chemical compositions namely content of water, protein, fat, ash and cholesterol were 76.33%, 21.42%, 0.51%, 1.20%, and 50.00 mg/100 g, respectively. Fatty acids consisted of lauric, miristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid were in the amount of 1.04% 3.09%, 30.97%, 0.77%, 59.41%, 3.22%, and 1.12%, respectively. The total EPA and DHA was 0.13% and 0.05%. Respectively, the results showed that quality aspects of lesser mouse deer meat had a high ultimate pH, low water holding capacity, tenderness, high cooking loss, and high water content, high protein, low fat and high cholesterol
Biological Activity of Tannins from Acacia mangium Bark Extracted by Different Solvents
Get PDFAcacia mangium bark is abundant byproduct of wood industry in Indonesia. It is underutilized and mainly used as fire wood for the wood industry. The bark contains high level of tannin but the tannin has not been extracted or produced commercially. Tannin isolate can be used for several purposes such as tanning agent for leather, adhesive for plywood or particle board, etc. In ruminant, tannin can be detrimental but can also be beneficial. This experiment was aimed of getting the highest yield of tannin extract with the highest biological activity in rumen fermentation. Nine different solvents at different temperatures were used to extract tannin from A. mangium bark. The extracts were analyzed for their tannin contents and biological activities. Tannin content was analyzed using folin ciocalteau and butanol-HCl methods. Biological activity was described as a percentage of an increase in gas production in the in vitro rumen-buffer fermentation, with and without addition of PEG. The results show that Na2SO3 solution extracted more tannin than other solutions and the higher the concentration of Na2SO3 solution, the higher the yield of tannin extract. The solution of 6% sodium sulphite gave the highest yield of tannin extract (31.2% of original bark sample) and the highest concentration of tannin (18.26%) but produced a negative effect on in vitro fermentation (% increase of gas production = 2.70%). Extraction with 50% acetone gave a high yield of extract (22.28% of original bark) which contained 12.98% of tannin and showed the highest biological response (% increase of gas production = 216%). In conclusion, sodium sulphite solution is not recommended for tannin extraction if the tannin will be used as feed additive in ruminant feed; on the other hand, the aqueous acetone (50% acetone) solution is a better choice to be used
Kualitas Fisik dan Mikroba Daging Sapi yang Ditambah Jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) pada Konsentrasi dan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of ginger addition in pasta form with different concentration and time of storages on meat tenderness, total microbe, and pH value. The semimembranosus of 2 to 3 years old Brahman Cross muscle from Bogor slaughter house was used for this research. This research was executed at Laboratory of Large Ruminant, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. This research used a completely randomized design with factorial pattern 3 x 4 with 3 replications. First factor was concentration of ginger addition consist of 0, 6, and 8% of meat weight and the second factor was time of storage, consisted 0, 3, 6, and 9 days. The result showed that there was no significant difference of ginger concentration on pH value, in contrast there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) of storage time and interaction between factors. The decreasing pH value influenced tenderness and total microbes. Time of storage and interaction between factors showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on meat tenderness. Interaction occurred on 6 days of meat storage with shear value 4.43 kg/cm3. The highest tenderness value was obtained on 9 days of meat storage for ginger concentration of, 6% and 8%, i.e. 4.02 kg/cm3 and 3.76 kg/ cm3 respectively. Both factors and their interaction showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) on total microbes. The decrease of total microbes occurred on treated samples but in control total microbe increased until 9 days of meat storage. Six percent ginger addition decreased total microbes until 9 days of meat storage that was 1.5 x 106 cfu/g. In 9 days of meat storage the result showed that 6% and 8% ginger addition had total microbes 3.3 x 107 cfu/g and 2.1 x 107 cfu/g respectively. Antimicrobial activity increased as ginger concentration addition increased. Key words: ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), antimicrobial, proteolityc enzyme, total microbes, tendernes
Pengaruh Penambahan Biovet dalam Ransum dengan Berbagai Kandungan Protein-Energi terhadap Pertumbuhan Anak Kelinci Rex
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study the effect of Biovet supplement in diets of different protein-energy to weight gain of Rex rabbit kit. The experiment used 112 kit of 28 Rex Rabbits at PT Fiva Bandung Rabitry, Pangkalan village, Sub districk Gambung-Ciwidey District Bandung in Completely Randomized Design 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: R0: 18% CP and 2750 kcal/kg; DE R1: 16% CP, 2500 kcal/kg DE + 0% Biovet; R2: 16% CP, 2500 kcal/kg DE + 0,1% Biovet; R3: 16% CP, 2500 kcal/kg DE + 0,5% Biovet; R4: 14% CP, 2400 kcal/kg DE + 0% Biovet; R5: 14% CP, 2400 kcal/kg DE + 0,1% Biovet; and R6: 14% CP, 2400 kcal/kg DE + 0,5 % Biovet. Results showed that body weight gain, feed consumption, and conversion were similar to rabbits given biovet supplement in low quality diet. Key words: rabbit, biovet, protein-energ
Kajian Antibakteri Temulawak, Jahe dan Bawang Putih terhadap Salmonella typhimurium serta Pengaruh Bawang Putih terhadap Performans dan Respon Imun Ayam Pedaging
Get PDFThis research was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of powder of temulawak, ginger and garlic to S.typhimurium using modified agar well method. Preliminary study showed that garlic powder had the best antibacterial activity, therefore it was further tested in a feeding trial to evaluate the effect on growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken challenged with S. typhimurium (ST). Experimental treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four treatment and three replications (Negative control, positive control, garlic powder and tetracycline). Seventy-two Day-Old-Chickens with body weight 46,7 g strain “Hubbard Wonokoyo†were used in a 28 days experiment. Broiler chickens were fed garlic powder and tetracycline diets for 10 days and then challenged orally with ST 4,1 x 1011 cfu. Body weight, feed intake and salmonella colony in faeces were monitored. Blood serum was collected at 18-d after infection. Results indicated that there was no significant effect of garlic powder on body weight and feed intake, but feed intake tended to decrease. However, feed conversion ratio of ration with garlic powder was better than rations with tetracycline and other treatments. Salmonella population in faeces also decreased with addition of garlic powder in diets. Total protein serum was influenced by disease challenged. Serum immunoglobulin (gamma globulin) was not influenced by disease challenged, but addition garlic powder in diet tended to increase gamma-globulin concentration. It can be concluded that garlic powder has antibacterial activity to S.typhimurium. Furthermore, this result indicated that some beneficial effect of dietary garlic powder at 2,5% supplementation on growth performance and no effect on immune response in the presence of ST-challenge. Key words : antibacterial, temulawak, ginger, garlic, Salmonella, chicke
Penggunaan Azospirillum pada Tanah Masam dengan Aluminium Tinggi Terhadap Produksi dan Serapan Nitrogen Rumput Setaria splendida dan Chloris gayana
No full textHigh content of Al on the soil maybe harmful (toxic for plant). Red and yellow podzolic soil was marginal land that characterized by high Al content. Azospirillum is free living N fixing bacteria that can be associated with grass. This research was conducted to find the best yield of grass planted on the soil inoculated with Azospirillum. The research consisted of some steps; 1) soil sampling 2) laboratory research: bacterial isolation, isolate selection, standardized of population, content of IAA 3) pod experiment. Pod experiment in the glass house was designed in completely randomized design, that consisted of six treatments. The variables observed were dry mass production of shoot and root, nitrogen content of shoot and root, and nitrogen absorption. Four best isolates chosen were; SM Setaria, OBIS/BD, PO2 and PM2. Azospirillum isolates enhanced shoot and root production, nitrogen content and N total absorption of tolerance one (S. splendida). The susceptible (C. gayana), Azospirillum significantly enhanced shoot and root nitrogen content, but did not affect the growth, production and N total absorption. Root growth that was inhibited by Al toxicity, decreased the symbiotic capability of nitrogen fixing bacteria. PM2 isolate showed the best effect on production and quality of S. splendida as well as on C. gayana. This isolate will be used for future research. PM2 produces 6.4 ppm Indole Acetic Acid that promoted root growth. Key words: Azospirillum sp, Setaria splendida, Chloris gayana, Al toxicit
Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan in Vitro Ransum Limbah Agroindustri yang Disuplementasi Kromium Anorganik dan Organik
Get PDFChromium is a trace element which has been considered essential for humans and animals since 1959. However, the effect of chromium on activity of rumen microorganisms has not been yet investigated. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of chromium supplementation to agroindustrial waste based diets on rumen microorganisms which was measured in vitro. Chromium supplement was in the form of anorganic and organic incoroporated to Rhizopus sp. fungus. Two experimental designs were used in this experiment. A completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 3 replications was used to measure dry matter and organic matter digestibilities (DMD and OMD). A factorial randomized block design 10 x 3 was used to measure total VFA and NH3 productions. Factor A was diet treatments and Factor B was fermentation period. Rumen fluid was used as block (replication). Treatments consisted of K1 (control diet), K2 (K1 + non mineral Rhizopus sp. fungus), A (K2 + anorganic Cr) with 4 levels of anorganic Cr (1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm), and O (K1 + organic Cr) with 4 levels of organic Cr (1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm). Incubation period was carried out for 1, 3, and 5 hours. The addition of non mineral Rhizopus sp. fungus (K2) decreased total VFA production from 110 to 59 mM (P < 0.05) and increased NH3production from 9.97 to 13.28 mM (P < 0.05). Supplementation of anorganic Cr decreased DMD and OMD compared to K2 (P < 0.05), but organic Cr supplementation increased DMD and OMD. Optimum level of organic Cr supplementation was 1 ppm and 4 ppm for anorganic Cr. This means that supplementation of organic Cr is four times more efficient than that of anorganic Cr. Key words : chromium, anorganic, organic, digestibility, fermentatio
Identifikasi Genetik Menggunakan Marker Mikrosatelit dan Hubungannya dengan Sifat Kuantitatif pada Sapi
Get PDFThe occurrence of genetic changes in Bali and Brangus cattle crossing and it\u27s relationship to quantitative traits (e.g. growth and birth weight) were identified using microsatellite markers. Sixteen microsatellite loci were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, the amplified products were then separated on vertical discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver-staining method was applied to detect the fragment. The evaluation to the stability and allele inheritance pattern were checked using Chi-Square segregation analysis. The results of this research showed that allele numbers average detected in Brangus and Bali cattle and their progeny were 2.31, 2.56, and 2.75 respectively. At most microsatellite loci, the allele distributions incline to concentrate and to form bimodal trend. Of 16 micro satellite loci tested, 5 microsatelitte markers namely INRA 037, HEL 9, CSSM 66, INRA 035 and ETH 225 indicated a significant response to average daily gain. In terms of birth weight, a significant response was shown by INRA 037. Key word: microsatellite, PCR, genotype, inheritance, allel
Suplementasi Nutrien Defisien untuk Meningkatkan Penggunaan Daun Rami (Boehmeria nivea, L. Gaud) dalam Ransum Domba
Get PDFA research to improve ramie leaf utilization in local sheep ration by supplementation of deficient nutrients was conducted. Four rations as treatments were tested using 12 local sheep (16.5 ± 1.6 kg LW) in a block randomized design. The treatments were T1 = 3% BW of DM native grass; T2 = T1 + 0.75% BW (25% of DM native grass) of DM ramie leaf; T3 = T2 + supplements Cu, P and methionine; T4 = T1 + 1.5% BW (50% of DM native grass) of DM ramie leaf + supplements Cu, P and methionine. Ration consumptions and digestibility, plasma level of Ca and P and body weight changed were determined. Dry matter intake increased in line with level of ramie leaf offered and there were no significantly difference on digestibility between the rations. Native grass alone failed to give a positive body weight change of local sheep. Addition of 25% DM ramie to native grass (T2) increased intake of digested nutrient and reduced body weight loss. Addition of supplement (T3) at the same level of ramie leaf increased intake of digested nutrient and changed the curve slope to the positive direction after the third week of observation. Addition of 50% DM ramie leaf to native grass basal ration followed by supplementation (T4) improved intake of digested nutrient closed to recommended nutrient requirement and showed a positive body weight changed. Key words: Boehmeria nivea, nutrient deficiency, shee
Kelahiran Anak Sapi Hasil Fertilisasi secara in Vitro dengan Sperma
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to know the viability of embryo after fertilized in vitro with frozen separated sperm (sexing sperm). Eleven frozen embryos were transferred to six Bali cow and five FH cow recipients. Two Bali cow recipients were positively pregnant but only one born as male calf which was appropriate with sex of straw being inseminated (Y sperm). One FH cow recipient was also pregnant but aborted in 2.5 months of pregnancy. It was concluded that embryo resulted from in vitro fertilization (IVF) with sexing sperm could grow and develop to be a calf which was appropriate with the sex of straw inseminated. Key words: sperm sexing, IVF, embryo transfer, Bali co