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Suplementasi Tepung Putih Telur untuk Memperbaiki Nilai Nutrisi Snack Ekstrusi Berbahan Grits Jagung
Get PDFSnack is popular for children and adult. It could be made by extrusion process. Snack is low in protein content because it is made up of cereal such as rice and corn. On the basis of nutritional and functional properties, egg was used in food industries. The objectives of the research were to analyze the nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of extruded snack from corn grits which was supplemented by egg white powder as a protein source. Randomized complete block design was used in this experiment with production periods as block. Water content was not significantly different between treatments. Supplementation with 10% egg white powder significantly increased the fat content of extrusion snack. Protein content and digestible protein increased significantly as increasing of egg white powder added. Protein digestibility of products with 10%, 15%, and 20% of egg white addition was significantly lower than those added with 0% and 5% egg white. Protein, fat, and carbohydrate linkage had formed porous product. This linkage affects product nutritive content and digestibility. Key words: egg, corn, extrusion, snack, digestibilit
Kandungan Xantofil Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Hasil Detoksikasi Mimosin Secara Fisik dan Kimia
Get PDFLeucaena (Leucena leucocephala) is a feed source which has high protein and carotenoid, but its utilization as feed was limited by the presence of mimosine (β-N-(3-Hydroxy-4 pyridone)-α amino propenoic acid as a toxin. Experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with 4 detoxification treatments and 5 replications. Detoxification treatments of leucaena leaf consisted of (1) non treated leucaena leaf, (2) steamed heating at 70 oC for 15 minutes, (3) dry heating at 70 oC for 12 h, (4) soaking with fresh water for 12 h, (5) spray with NaOH 5%, incubated for 12 h. Variables measured were mimosine and xanthophylls contents. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and duncan multiple range test was further done to test the significant differences between means. The results showed that soaking leucaena leaf with fresh water for 12 h gave the highest reduction for both mimosine and xanthophylls contents and steamed heating at 70oC for 15 minutes had the highest xanthophylls content post detoxification. It was concluded that steamed heating at 70oC for 15 minutes was the best detoxification methods for mimosine in leucaena leaf. Key words: mimosine, Leucaena leucocephala, physical and chemical detoxificatio
Efisiensi Produksi Usaha Peternakan Domba di Desa Cibunian Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor
Get PDFSheep farming is a potential livestock commodity for agricultural development in the Country, but most of the farmers are not able to manage the farm effectively, technically or economically. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine production factors that would influence the sheep production, (2) to analyze sheep farming production efficiency. This study held in Cibunian Village, Pamijahan Sub District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The data was analyzed using Cobb-Douglas production function for regression analysis. The result showed that there were four significant variables. The variables which have significant effect to the production are sum of ewe (X1), roughages consumption (X2), labour employed (X3), and farmer experience in sheep farm (D2). Based on elasticity analysis can be said that technically the number of ewe was already efficient but not economically, because the ratio MVP/MIC of ewe was 1.15 so that farmer should increase the use of this production factor. The roughages consumption was already technically efficient, but economically it was not efficient, because the ratio MVP/MIC of roughages was less than one. It means that the use of this production factor needs to be reduced. Keywords: sheep farm, Cobb-Douglas production function, technical efficiency, economical efficienc
Kajian Aspek Protein Turnover Tubuh pada Ayam Kedu Periode Pertumbuhan
Get PDFGrowth rate can be clarified based on body protein turnover in Kedu chicken given improved diet. Protein turnover is estimated according to the difference of protein synthesis and breakdown rates using the excretion of -methylhistidine (Nτ–MH) as an indicator. One hundred forty four (144) birds of non-black Kedu chicken of 2 weeks old purchased from the farmer group at Kedu village were used as the experimental animals. The birds were then reared until 16 weeks old (4 months). Experiment was started at 4 weeks old by dividing the birds into 3 groups according to the tested diets. Diet 1 (R1): farmer\u27s diet formula consisting of yellow corn (40%), rice bran (40%) and concentrate (20%). Diet 2 (R2): simple modification of R1, added with CaCO3 and premix. Diet 3 (R3): new formula by improving nutritional content. The present experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 6 replications (8 birds each). Data of feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, (Nτ–MH) excretion, rates of protein synthesis (Ks) and of protein degradation (Kd) were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and continued to Duncan test when the treatment effect was significant (P < 0.05). (Nτ–MH) and nitrogen were measured from the totally collected excreta at the last week of the experiment. Body weight gain, muscle protein mass, nitrogen retention and Ks in R3 increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to those in R1. However, feed conversion ratio and (Nτ–MH) excretion in R3 decreased and significantly lower than those in R1. Feed consumption and Kd indicated the same values in all treatments. Improvement of dietary quality and nutritional content brought about the increase in growth rate and muscle protein mass, even though at a slow rate. This phenomenon was supported by the acceleration rate of Ks at a slow rate as well, with unchangeable rate of Kd. Feed utilization was not efficient since the value of feed conversion ratio was categorized high, ranging from 2.9 to 3.3. Key words: diet, growth , protein turnover, Kedu chicke
Pengaruh Suplemen Katalitik terhadap Karakteristik dan Populasi Mikroba Rumen Domba
Get PDFDry season resulted in lower availability of ruminant feeds with subsequent effects on reduction of sheep productivity; therefore nutritive supplement may be required. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of supplementation of catalytic substrate consisting of gelatinized sago, ammonium sulfate, Co and Zn on the sheep rumen characteristics and its microbial population. Forty lambs with an average live weight of 13 kg were divided into 8 blocks to test 5 feeding treatments. The treatments were feeding low quality forage without supplement (R1), R1 plus catalytic supplement at 10% of ration (R2), 20% (R3), 30% (R4) and a positive control treatment (R0 = R1 + soybean meal). Parameter measurements included rumen pH, ammonia, VFA and microbial population. It was observed that the rumen pH ranging from 6,06 (R1), 6,15 (R2), 6,45 (R4), 6,58 (R3) and 6,85 (R0). The rumen concentrations of ammonia were 5,83 mM (R3), 6,01 mM (R4), 6,35 mM (R2), 8,30 mM (R0) and 9,36 mM (R1) with total volatile fatty acid concentration ranging from 154, 88 mM (R1), 163,70 mM (R2), 180,89 mM (R0), 188,79 mM (R4) and 194,71 mM (R3). Population of rumen bacteri for R3 was 6,09 x 109 cell/ml, which was greater than RO (5,57 x 109 cell/ml), R1 (4,36 x 109 cell/ml), R2 (4,15 x 109 cell/ml), R4 (5,60 x 109 cell/ml), while protozoa R3 (2,59 x 106 cell/ml), was lower than RO (3,51 x 106 cell/ml) R1 (5,49 x 106 cell/ml) R2 (5,61 x 106 cell/ml) R4 (3,31 x 106 cell/ml). Catalytic supplement at 20% of ration (R3) resulted in a normal rumen concentration of ammonia and pH, and increased VFA concentration. It was concluded that catalytic supplement at 20% of ration was the appropriate level for optimal rumen characteristics.Key words : catalytic supplement, minerals, microbes, rumen, shee
Morfometrik Usus dan Performa Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Cekaman Panas dan Ekstrak n-Heksana Kulit Batang “Jaloh" (Salix tetrasperma Roxb)
Get PDFThe n-hexane fraction of “jaloh" extract could reduce detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chicken. An experiment was conducted to study morphometric of small intestine villi (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and performances of broiler exposed to heat stress on 33±1oC for 4 hours/day and given extract n-hexane of “jaloh" bark (EHJ) with doses 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight (BW). Thirty broilers aged 20 days (Cobb strain) were randomly divided into 5 groups of treatments. The first treatment group was external control namely chickens without heat stress and without EHJ administration (tCP). The second group of treatment was internal control representing chickens exposed to heat stress without EHJ administration (CP). The third, fourth, and fifth treatment groups consisted of chickens exposed to heat stress and given 5 (CP+EHJ5), 10 (CP+EHJ10), and 20 mg/kg BW of EHJ (CP+EHJ20), respectively. Heat stress and “jaloh" extract were implemented every day. “Jaloh" extracts were given 1 hour before temperature in the cage was raised. Results showed that heat stress decreased weight gain and height of jejunum villi, and increased feed conversion ratio. The dose of 10 mg/kg BW of EHJ can improve performance of broiler chickens and morphometric of small intestine villi. Key words: heat stress, Salix tetrasperma, performance, broile
Penambahan Sabun-Kalsium dari Minyak Ikan Lemuru dalam Ransum: 1. Pengaruhnya terhadap Tampilan Produksi Domba
Get PDFSince the use of fat more than 5% in ruminant diets would disturb fermentation process in the rumen, the use of fat more than 5% must be protected. The calcium soap is one form of protected fat. The objective of this research was to study the effect of calcium soap in the diets on performance of sheep. Sixteen sheep were used and divided into four groups consisted of four animals in each group. The sheep were allocated in a Randomized Block Design. The treatment diets were, R0: control diet, R1: R0 + 1.5% calcium soap, R2: R0 + 3% calcium soap and R3: R0 + 4.5% calcium soap. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and any significant differences were further tested using contrast orthogonal. The results showed that the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) decreased daily gain, dry matter, energy and protein intake, but feed conversion ratio and water intake were not significantly affected. Key words: sheep, calcium-soap, feed intake, daily gain, water intak
Komposisi dan Kandungan Kolesterol Karkas Ayam Broiler Diare yang Diberi Tepung Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) dalam Ransum
Get PDFDiarrhea is one of diseases in broiler chicken. Antibiotics are usually used to cure the disease. However, there are many risks caused by the use of antibiotic in poultry industries for human health. The risks are carcinogenic effect and resistance to the antibiotics. Therefore the use of antibiotics needs to be replaced by natural antimicrobes. One of the natural antimicrobes is bay leaves which contains volatile oils, tannins and flavonoids. This research was conducted to study the effect of bay leaves powder addition in the ration on the body weight, carcass percentage, carcass commercial cut and carcass cholesterol of the broiler using completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The research used 180 DOC (Day Old Chicken). The treatment diets were: R0 (control), R1 (control with infected Eschericia coli), R2 (1% bay leaves powder), R3 (2% bay leaves powder), R4 (3% bay leaves powder), R5 (antibiotic). The data were analyzed using analyses of variance and any significant difference was further tested by Duncan test. The results showed that the treatment diets did not significantly increase body weight, carcass percentage, and carcass commercial cut percentage. The treatment significantly decreased carcass cholesterol level. It is concluded that bay leaves meal could replaced the use of antibiotic in broiler ration and reduced carcass cholesterol. Key words: bay leave, E. coli, body weight, carcass, cholestero
Performa dan Histopatologi Ayam Broiler yang Diinfeksi dengan Salmonella pullorum Setelah Pemberian Imbuhan Pakan Mengandung Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus)
Get PDFA study was carried out to evaluate the effect of earth worm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) added into feed additive (FA) on performance and histopathology of broilers which were infected with 1 ml/bird containing 3x108 pure culture of Salmonella pullorum orally. Broilers were tested their antibody to S. pullorum by agglutination test before the chickens were infected at 22 days of age. Treatment consisted of control without FA (R0), control with antibiotic (R1), FA contain 25% earth worm meal/EWM (R2), FA contain 50% EWM (R3), FA contain 75% EWM (R4), and FA contain 100% EWM (R5) which were periodically fed to broilers every three days at seventh days before and 10 days after infection. Treatments were arranged on completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications of four broilers each. Broilers given FA had significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio. Broiler treated with FA containing 25% EWM (R2) improved feed utilization compared to R1, R3, and control. Histopathology analysis showed that broilers treated with FA could reduce viscera\u27s necrosis, especially in the liver and intestine. Lesions found in broilers which were infected S. pullorum, could be reduced by FA treatment. It is concluded that EWM can be used as feed additive to improve broilers performance. Key words: feed additive, Lumbricus rubellus, Salmonella pullorum, broilers, histopatholog
Morfologi dan Biometri Spermatozoa Anoa (Bubalus Sp.) yang Diwarnai dengan Pewarna William’s dan Eosin-Nigrosin
Get PDFAnoa is Indonesia endemic fauna that included into Appendix I by CITES. Anoa breeding efforts have not succeed, due to their agressivity, soliter, wildness and monogamous. The aim of this experiment was to observe morphology and biometry of anoa\u27s sperm stained using William\u27s (W) and eosin-nigrosin (EN). Semen was collected from two male anoas by electroejaculator. Slides was made for morphology and biometry observation of ejaculate. The results showed that abnormal sperm morphology of the mature anoa (10 years) was 32.27%-35.00%, meanwhile the young one (3 years) was 24.03%-31.89%. In mature anoa, measurement for head width, and midpiece and tail length of sperm were not signficantly different between W and EN staining, but significantly different (P < 0.05) for head and total length. In the young anoa, sperm biometry for head width was not significanly different between W and EN staining. In both W and EN staining, biometry for head width and total length were not significantly different between mature and young anoas, but significantly different for head, midpiece and tail length. According to sperm morphology, semen from the young anoa was slightly better than those of the mature anoa. Staining method and age could affect to biometry of the anoa\u27s sperm