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Improvement of Murrah Buffalo Milk Production Fed Palm Oil Solid Waste Containing Ration
Get PDFA field trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary inclusion of palm oil solid waste on milk production of murrah buffalo raised under palm oil plantation. Two farms from different districts were involved in this study. Forty cows with 7-9 month pregnancy were selected from each farm and they were divided into control and treatment groups. Cows in control group were offered a mixed supplement of 1 kg copra meal + 2 kg fresh grated cassava root + mineral mix and treatments group were offered the control diet + 1 kg palm oil solid waste. The dietary supplement was offered to the cows for 2 months before and 2 months period after calving. The cows were grazed under palm oil plantation. The addition of palm oil solid waste in the diet improved (P < 0.05) milk yield (8.5 l/d vs 10.5 l /d), calves weight at birth (19.6 kg vs 22.1 kg) and live weight gain of the calves (0.66 kg/d vs 0.99 kg/d). Additional dietary inclusion of palm oil solid waste improved milk yield of murrah buffalo, and further improvement of milk yield was expected to achieve by higher inclusion of palm oil solid waste in the diet
Efektivitas Daun Jarak (Jatropha curcass Linn) Sebagai Anticacing Ascaridia galli dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Ayam Lokal
Get PDFThe present experiment was aimed to identify the phytochemical of Jatropha curcas leave extracted with water and methanol as an anthelmintic agent for Ascaridia galli, and its effect on native chicken performance. In vitro study of anthelmintic activity was conducted by counting the number of paralyzed worm dead-body of A. galli during 18 hours in petri dish containing different levels of extract, namely 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/v) and compared to the piperazine 0.5% (w/v). Eightteen birds of naturally A. galli-infected native chicken were used for the in vivo study. The treatments were 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% of J. curcass leave extract, and 10% of piperazine using a completely randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Parameters observed were fecal worm egg count, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The results showed that water- and methanol-extracted J. curcas leave had similar composition of secondary metabolite compounds which is high in triterpenoid and steroid contents, respectively. Percentage of paralyzed A. galli was higher (P < 0.01) in water-extracted jatropha leaves. On the contrary, the dead-body percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in the methanol-extracted than that in the control group. In vivo study showed that leave meal significantly decreased (P < 0.05) fecal worm egg count. The leaf meal at the level 16% tended to increase feed consumption, body weight gain, and significantly decreased feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, J. curcas leave meal have anthelmintic activity to A. galli and could improve nutrient utilization of naturally A. galli-infected native chicken by decreasing feed conversion ratio
Penggunaan Kromium Organik dari Beberapa Jenis Fungi terhadap Aktivitas Fermentasi Rumen Secara in Vitro
Get PDFChromium appears to be an essential trace element since 1959, but its effect on ruminal microbes is not clear yet. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic chromium supplementation on rumen fermentation activity. An in vitro technique was held using randomized block design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. There were four kinds of organic Cr used, produced with four different species of fungi as carriers. Fungi used as carriers were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae and "ragi tape". The result indicated that the optimum organic Cr supplementation was 1 mg organic Cr/kg dry matter. Supplementation of 1 mg organic Cr/kg dry matter increased dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. It also tended to increase NH3 and total VFA production. Propionate production increased, which decreased methane production and increased hexose conversion efficiency in several treatments. Each fungus used as carrier of organic Cr resulted in different effects on rumen fermentation activity, but the effects was within a normal range. It was concluded that either Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae or "ragi tape" could be used as carrier in organic Cr production. Key words : organic Cr, ruminal microbes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae, "ragi tape
Sifat Fisik Daging Domba yang Diberi Perlakuan Stimulasi Listrik Voltase Rendah dan Injeksi Kalsium Klorida
Get PDFEffect of low voltage electrical stimulation (LVES; 45 volt, 3 amps for approx 100 sec) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) injection on physical properties of meat were evaluated. Six mutton were devided into 3 groups. One carcass of each group was subjected to within 30 min postmortem (PM). After LVES, longissimi thoracis et lumbarum muscles were removed and treated: without CaCl2 injection, CaCl2 injection (200 mM, 5% w/w) at about 2 h and 24 h PM. Samples were stored in vacuum pack at 1 + 10 C. Physical properties evaluated were Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force, cooking loss and sarcomere length. The LVES had no significant effect on WB shear force, cooking loss and sarcomere length. There wasn't interaction effect between LVES and CaCl2 injection on WB shear force, cooking loss and sarcomere length. CaCl2 injection decreased sarcomere length (
Karakteristik Semen Segar dan Kualitas Semen Cair Kuda dalam Pengencer Dimitropoulos yang Disuplementasi dengan Fruktosa, Trehalosa dan Rafinosa
Get PDFThe objective of the experiment was to study the characteristics of stallion fresh semen and the quality of sperm preserved in Dimitropoulos extender (DV) supplemented with different concentration of fructose, trehalose and raffinose. Semen were collected using artificial vagina from three stallions. Semen characteristics and quality were evaluated macro- and microscopically. Prior to extension, semen were centrifugated at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The condensed sperm were re-suspended in DV supplemented with different types of carbohydrate to meet the concentration of 200 million spz/ml. All samples were stored at room and chilled temperature, and were evaluated for motility and viability every 3 h and 12 h. The results of the experiments indicated that fresh semen characteristics were fair good; the volume, consistency, motility, live-dead ratio, concentration (106/ml), total spermatozoa (109/ejaculate) and abnormality were 29.25±9.33 ml, watery, 7.00±0.12, 67.08±9.08%, 77.89±6.46%, 211.88±21.15, 6.28±2.45 and 27.26±4.64%, respectively. The supplementation of different type and concentration of carbohydrates did not significantly affect the motility and viability. However, the supplementation of 50 mM fructose significantly increased the motility and viability of the sperm compared to the control. In conclusion, carbohydrate supplementation in DV may not maintain the sperm quality, particularly in the medium with the osmolarity higher than 400 mOsm/kg. Key words: stallion, semen, Dimitropoulos, carbohydrat
Penyerapan Kadmium pada Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Dedak Padi dalam Ransum
Get PDFPhytate is commonly found in high concentration in rice bran. This compound can bind multivalency ions. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of rice bran in native chicken diet on Cd absorption. Twenty four native male chicks aged 3 months were randomly divided into six groups of treatments. The average weight of chick used in this experiment was 422.08 ± 39 g. The dietary treatments were 0% (R0), 10% (R1), 20% (R2), 30% (R3), 40% (R4), and 50% (R5) of rice bran in the ration given for 8 weeks. Drinking water containing 100 ppm Cd was given ad libitum. The results indicated that those treatments had no significant effect on Cd absorption, Cd concentration in feces, kidney, liver and weight of kidney and liver. Average of Cd in kidney and liver were 284.24 and 117.53 ppm respectively. It was concluded that rice bran in the native chick diet did not reduce Cd absorption. The utilization of rice bran and Cd pollution for long term period and in high concentration in the diet gave negative effect on native chicken performance. Key words: rice bran, phytate, cadmium, native chicke
Kualitas Mikrobiologi Sosis Fermentasi Daging Sapi dan Domba yang Menggunakan Kultur Kering Lactobacillus plantarum 1B1
Get PDFLactic acid bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum 1B1 species was isolated from fresh beef and used as dried starter culture fermented sausage (salami). Dried starter culture was stored at 100C for 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 days to evaluate the starter viability and its effect on microbiological charasteristics of beef and mutton fermented sausages. Initial viability of dried starter culture of L. plantarum was 7.08 x 1012 CFU/g. There was no alteration (P>0.05) in viability (5.33 x 1012 CFU/g) during 15 days storage. The population significantly decreased (P CFU/g. Dried culture L. plantarum could reduce the quantity of Staphylococcus aureus during 15 days storage, but neither for 30 days nor 45 days storage. Average total coliform increased from 0 days to 15 days storage at less than 0,03 CFU/g to 0.93 x 102 CFU/g, but the number of coliform decreased on 30 days storage at less than 0.03 CFU/g and increased on 45 days storage at 1.2 x 103 CFU/g. Both salami had negative number of Salmonella. Key words: salami, dried starter culture, Lactobacillus plantarum 1B1, storage tim
Penampilan, Kualitas Kimia, dan Off-Odor Daging Itik (Anas plathyrynchos) yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Beluntas (Pluchea indica L. Less)
Get PDFDuck meat is not preferred because its off-odor. Its off-odor is caused by lipid oxidation which preventable by antioxidant. Beluntas has antioxidant and anti nutrition. This research was designed to know the level of beluntas and feeding duration on performance, chemical, and duck\u27s meat off-odor. Beluntas was given to 108 culling ducks, about 12 months old. The research used a completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factorial models, with 3 replicates. The factors were different levels of beluntas (0%, 1%, and 2%) in the ration, and feeding duration of each ration (3, 5, and 7 weeks). The data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey\u27s test. The results showed that no interaction was found between the two factors. Beluntas did not affect duck\u27s performance. Feeding duration of each ration affected the fat and fatty acid content (P < 0.01) and TBARS (thiobarbituric reactive subtances) value of the meat with skin (P < 0.05). Beluntas level at 1% increased C18:0 (P < 0.05) and total (C18:2 and C18:3) (P < 0.052). Beluntas levels at 1% and 2% reduced (P < 0.01) duck\u27s meat off-odor and increased (P < 0.05) consumers preference. This research concluded that the inclusion of 1% beluntas for 3 weeks was effective to reduce duck\u27s meat off-odor without negative impact on performance
Penampilan Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Protein Sel Tunggal (PST) Sebagai Sumber Protein Pengganti Tepung Ikan dalam Pakan
Get PDFTwo thousands Cobb strain DOC were kept for 4 weeks to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing Single Cell Protein (SCP) on feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. SCP was used at level 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of ration dry matter to replace fish meal in the diet. Data showed that feed consumption increased for broilers received SCP at level 2.5% and decreased at level 7.5 and 10%. Weight gain improved for broilers fed SCP up to level 5%. Feed conversion ratio increased only when 10% SCP was used. It is concluded that SCP up to level of 5% can be used to replace fish meal in the broiler's diet. Key words: single cell protein, fish meal, feed conversion ratio, broile
Penampilan Kelinci Persilangan Lepas Sapih yang Mendapat Ransum dengan Beberapa Tingkat Penggunaan Ampas Teh
Get PDFTea waste is by-product of tea manufacturer that is potential as an alternative of protein source. Twenty male cross-breed weanling rabbits were used to investigate the optimum utilization of tea waste in ration of rabbit. Completely randomized design was used with four treatments and five replications. The levels of tea waste in pellet rations as the treatment consisted of 0% (AT0), 10% (AT10), 20% (AT20), and 30% (AT30) of dry matter. The dry matter intake, average daily gain (AVG), ration conversion, mortality, and economical value were measured in this experiment. The result showed that the treatments did not significantly affect dry matter intake, average daily gain, and ration conversion. The mortality was 0 percent and the profit increased in ration containing tea waste. It was concluded that tea waste could support good performance of the rabbits and it could be used as an alternative of protein sources until 30% in ration. Key words: rabbit, tea waste, protein source