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Characterization of Partial Coding Region Fibroin Gene on Wild Silkmoth Cricula trifenestrata Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Get PDFThe study was conducted to characterize coding region of wild silkmoth C. trifenestrata partial fibroin gene, and detect these gene potential as molecular marker. A total of six larvae C. trifenestrata were collected from Bogor, Purwakarta and Bantul Regency. Genomic DNA was extracted from silk gland individual larvae, then amplified by PCR method and sequenced. DNA sequenced result was 986 nucleotide partial fibroin gene of C. trifenestrata, which are comprising complete coding region of first exon (42 nucleotide), an intron (113 nucleotide), and partial of second was exon (831 nucleotide). Only coding region was characterized. Results showed that first exon very conserved in C. trifenestrata. These gene consisted of 31%, thymine, 28% guanine, 21% cytosine, and 19% adenine. Cytosine and thymine (sites of 25th and 35th respectively) were marker for C. trifenestrata species. The first exon encoding 14 amino acids. Valine amino acid (12th site) was marker to the species C. trifenestrata. The partial second exon consisted of guanine (32.7%), alanine (26.5%), thymine (21%) and cytosine (19.7%). These region encoded 277 amino acids, which were dominated by the alanine (27.8%) and glycine (21.66%). Alanine formed polyalanine sequence with different motifs namely: AAAAAAASS, AAAAAAAAAAAGSSG, AAAAAAAAAAAAGSGTGFGGYDS, AAAAAAAAAAGSSGRGGYDGVDGGYGSGSS, and AAAAAAAAAAAAGSSGRGLGGYDGWVDDGYGSGSGS
Penggunaan Berbagai Sumber Karbohidrat Terlarut Air untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Silase Daun Rami
Get PDFQuality improvement of ramie leaves silage by the addition of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) sources as many as 20% W/W fresh substance (FS) prior to 42 days of ensiling time was conducted in two experiments. First experiment examined three carbohydrate sources (cassava meal, pollard and coarse grinding corn) for their capacities to improve physical (color, odor, texture and spoilage), fermentative (pH, protein degradation, organic acid profiles), and utilities characteristics of the silages for ruminants (rumen fermentabilities and digestibilities) in vitro. The silages had bright greenish brown of color, lactic acid odor, and firm textures, categorized as highly fermentable and digestible feeds (dry matter digestibility >72%). Compare to other additives, cassava meal produced better silage. However, high butyric acid and protein degradation proportions in the silage were not seem in line to these data. Coarse grinding corn failed to do its function therefore produced poor silage quality. Second experiment was designed to confirm the previous results. Five carbohydrate sources (cassava meal, pollard, fine grinding corn, rice bran, and cassava extract meal) of the same functions were examined. The results confirmed that cassava meal produced very good ramie leave silages (Fleigh number >80) while the others produced quite good ramie leaves silage qualities (Fleigh number 40-60). All additives used in the second experiment successed to serve their functions in improving ramie leave silage qualities
Pemanfaatan Bahan Bio-anorganik untuk Memproduksi Biomassa Hijauan Pakan dan Inokulan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula
Get PDFInoculant production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has a vital role in sustaining of higher forage legume production. Currently, it is important to find the alternative materials that can be used as sources of phosphorus due to the need of lower cost, environmentaly friendly, and easily available. Bone meal and rock phosphate are some of the bio-inorganic sources that can be used as a phosphorus source for producing biomass of forage legume and AMF\u27s inoculant production. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different type of bio-inorganic materials as a fertilizer to increase forage legume biomass and for specific AMF\u27s inoculant production. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with two factors, i.e. type of AMF\u27s species (Glomus etunicatum NPI-126 and Acaulospora tuberculata INDO-2) and type of bio-inorganic materials (artifical fertilizer solution as a control, SP36, rock phosphate, and bone meal). Results showed that G. etunicatum gave better result in terms of host gowth, root colonization and spore production compare to A. tuberculata. Bone meal was better a phosphorus source for AMF\u27s inoculant production instead of artifical fertilizer or other bio-anorganic sources. In conclusion, milled bone meal has a good phosphorus source for AMF\u27s (G. etunicatum) inoculant productio
Gambaran Hematologi Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinfeksi Escherichia coli Enteropatogenik dan Diberikan Probiotik
Get PDFIn Indonesia, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children after ISPA (Acute Respiratory Infection). This study aimed to test the ability of probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4, as an indigenous anti-diarrhea in rats exposed to Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and find out their impact on erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, thrombocytes, and leukocytes. A total of 95 male rats Sparague Dawley strain were alocated into six treatment groups: (1) negative control, (2) L. plantarum 2C12, (3) L. acidophilus 2B4, (4) L. plantarum 2C12 + EPEC, (5) L. acidophilus 2B4 + EPEC, and (6) positive control (exposed to EPEC). Probiotics were given from day 1 up to 21, whereas 106 cfu/ml EPEC was administered orally from day 8 to 14. On day 21, the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit and hemoglobin were the lowest (7.07 million/µl; 39.13%; 14.50 g/dl) in the positive group of rats. The positive control group had lower number of thrombocytes (389 thousand/ µl) (P < 0.05) with the negative control and the L. plantarum 2C12 groups, but not significantly different to the other groups. The number of leucocytes in the positive control rats (4433 cell/µl) was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the negative control, L. plantarum 2C12, and the L. acidophilus 2B4 groups, but no significant difference to the other groups. L. plantarum 2C12 had better ability than L. acidophilus 2B4 in maintaining the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin of rat infected by EPEC
Laying Performance of Wareng Chicken under Free Choice Feeding and Different Cage Density
Get PDFThe aim of the experiment was to explore the possibility of using free choice feeding technique under different cage density for unselected native chicken. Eighty hens of laying Wareng chicken were divided into two feeding systems. Half of them were fed complete commercial diet of 17% crude protein, with 2800 kcal ME/kg and the other half were subjected to free choice diet. The diets were in mash form and placed in sufficient feed troughs in front of each cage. Each cage was occupied by four or six hens. Free choice feeding hens were served with commercial concentrate (30% crude protein), ground corn and oyster shell, placed separately in feed troughs. Observation was carried out during 24 weeks laying period, starting from 20 to 44 weeks of age. The results showed that egg production (9.35% hen day), and the intake of feed (42.74 g/day), protein (7.01 g/day), energy (116.6 kcal ME/day), calcium (1.99 g/day and phosphorus (0.22 g/day) were not affected (P>0.05) by feeding system nor by cage density. The results however indicated that free choice feeding technique provided sufficient nutrients in supporting maximum egg production of unselected native chicken
Microbiological Quality of Raw Goat Milk in Bogor, Indonesia
Get PDFMilk samples were investigated for counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria, which were TPC, coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS), and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). Ten potential risk factors were also evaluated in relation to the prevalence of indicator bacteria. The results showed that the median values of indicator bacterial counts from overall udder-half milk samples were 3.74, 0.70, 1.70, and 2.52 log cfu/ml and from bulk milk samples were 5.69, 2.98, 3.66 and 3.32 log cfu/ml for TPC, coliforms, CPS, and CNS, respectively. None of the median values of overall udder-half milk samples exceeded the maximum limit of the standards for all indicator bacteria. However, in the bulk milk samples only the median value of TPC below the maximum limit of the standards. Overall prevalence of coliforms, CPS and CNS from udder-half milk samples were 46.3%, 37.7%, and 66.0%, respectively, and from bulk milk samples were 86.7%, 76.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. Saanen crossbreed, fifth parity and udders with inflammation were found to be risk factors. This study results indicated that the hygienic practices in the dairy goat farms are still need to be increased. To increase the hygienic level of the milk, the identified significant risk factors must be controlled
Polymorphism Identification of Pit1 Gene in Indonesian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and Holstein-Friesian Cows
Get PDFPit-1 gene has been identified as the pituitary specific transcription factor that regulates the expression of the growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) genes in the anterior pituitary. The use of polymorphic markers in breeding programmes could make selection more accurate and efficient. A total of 320 Indonesian buffaloes from four populations and 45 FH cows from nine populations were genotyped for polymorphism of Pit1|Hinf1 gene by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The gene polymorphism was detected only in FH cattle. The frequency of AA, AB, and BB genotype was 2%, 44%, and 53% respectively. The frequency of A allel was 25% and B allel was 75%, but no polymorphism was detected in 320 Indonesia buffaloes
Muscle Growth and Distribution in Fattening Steer of Different Breeds
Get PDFThe breed patterns in growth and distribution of muscle were studied using three breeds of beef cattle entering fattening phase. This study involved 23 grass-fed steer Brahman, 24 Hereford and 22 Brahman x Hereford crosses with a live weight range of 300 to 600 kgs. An allometric Huxley model was used to study the growth and distribution patterns of muscle tissue within wholesale cut. There were several cuts in which the muscle growth coefficients were significantly different among breeds. Comparisons of muscle weight distribution at log natural of 75 kg side muscle + bone weight (4.313 kg) generally showed significant between-breed differences. Herefords tended to have more muscles in their wholesale cuts than Brahmans and/or Brahman x Hereford crosses, except the muscles in Tenderloin, Rib Set and Chuck. Brahmans had heavier Topside and Silverside than Herefords and Brahman x Hereford crosses and the differences were maintained at log natural of 114 kg side muscle + bone weight (4.733 kg). At this heavier weight, there was a general tendency for Brahmans to have more muscle in their wholesale cuts than the Brahman x Hereford steers, except the muscle in Loin and Neck + Sticking
Performance and Meat Cholesterol Content of Broiler Chickens Fed Pluchea indica L. Leaf Meal Reared under Stress Condition
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary addition Pluchea indica L. leaf meal on performances and meat cholesterol content of broiler. One hundred sixty two DOC CP707 strain were reared for four weeks in high stocking density of 15 birds/m2. The birds were fed experimental diets consisted of R1 (commercial feed + Vitastress), R2 (commercial feed + 2% P. indica leaf meal), R3 (commercial feed + 4% P. indica leaf meal), R4 (commercial feed + 6% P. indica leaf meal), and R5 (commercial feed + 8% P. indica leaf meal). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and any significant differences were further tested using least significance difference (LSD) test. The treatment significantly increased (P < 0.05) final body weight, body weight gain, feed and water intake, and decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. It is concluded that P. indica leaf meal could be added into a diet at the level of 2%. P. indica leaf meal addition at the level of 2% into a diet is also able to decrease the cholesterol content of broiler meat up to 8%.
Hubungan Masa Kosong dengan Produktivitas pada Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein di Baturraden, Indonesia
Get PDFProductivity of dairy cows not only expresed by milk yield, but also the reproductive performance. General speaking that the milk yield depends on reproductive performance and vice versa. The present study was conducted to observe the milk yield and reproductive performance of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows. This study was conducted using 150 sets of weekly recording of milk yield from 50 FH cows. Milk yield was calculated by using time interval method (TIM) which was equivalent to ME 305 days. The data were analysed using polynomial regression model. Results of the study indicated that the effect of days open on milk yield had significant effect on quadratic and qubic regression model. The average days open was 138.77 days. According to the quadratic regression model, increasing days open decreased milk yield and the minimum milk yield was observed at 169 days open