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Performa Kambing yang Diberi Kulit Buah Kakao Terfermentasi
Get PDFUtilization of cocoa pod husk (CPH) as feedstuff needs pretreatment to increase its nutrients availability. Bioconversion with Phanerochaete chrysosporium changes its structure by breaking down the linkage between lignin and structural carbohydrates. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the quality of fermented CPH biomass as feed for goats. The experimental treatments i.e.: A= 30% of fresh napier grass (RG) + 50% of dried RG + 20% of concentrate; B= 30% of fresh RG + 30% of dried RG + 40% of concentrate; C= 30% of fresh RG + 30% of CPH + 40% of concentrate; D= 30% of fresh RG + 30% of fermented CPH + 40% of concentrate and E= 30% of fresh RG + 50% of fermented CPH + 20% of concentrate. The treatments were allocated in a randomized block design with three replications. Feed intake, body weight gain and ration efficiency were measured. The use of fermented CPH at the level of 30% had higher (P < 0.05) feed intake (560.33 g day-1), body weight gain (101.79 g head-1 day-1), and feed conversion (5.50) compared to other treatments. In conclusion that the use of 30% fermented CPH in the ration showed the best body weight gain and feed efficiency
Morphometric Characterization of Minahasa Horse for Breeding and Conservation Purposes
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to investigate morphometric variation of Minahasa horses. Body measurements and live-weight were taken on 195 mare and 310 stallion of Minahasa horse. A multivariate approach was adopted to provide description of both body shape and body size of four Minahasa local horse populations, i.e. Tomohon, Manado, South Minahasa, and Minahasa. Statistical methods employed in this study were general linear model, simple discriminant analysis, and principle component analysis were used to construct phylogenic trees. The results showed that Tomohon’s horse population had higher body weights and body measurements (P<0.05) than those from three other areas (Manado, South Minahasa, and Minahasa). The hip width is the most discriminant variable to determine the differences among Minahasa local horse population. The results support establishment of strategy to promote the use and the development of local adapted horse
Silage Quality of King Grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) Treated with Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Tannin of Acacia
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the silage quality of king grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) treated with addition of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prepared from fermented grass extract (FGE) or combined with tannin of acacia. Experiment was arranged to a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments were (A) king grass without additive as a control; (B) king grass + 3% (v/w) of FGE; (C) king grass + 3% (v/w) of FGE + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/100 ml); (D) king grass + 3% of FGE (v/w) + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/75 ml); (E) king grass + 3% of FGE (v/w) + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/50 ml), and (F) king grass + 3% of FGE (v/w) + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/25 ml). About 250 g of silage materials were ensiled in 400 ml bottle silos at room temperatures (approximately 28 °C) for 30 days. Variables measured were characteristics of FGE, fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of silage. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the significance differences among means were tested by the Duncan\u27s multiple range test. Results showed that the number of lactic acid bacteria in FGE increased from 0.8 × 107 cfu/ml to 2.9 × 107 cfu/ml after 2 days anaerobic incubation. Concentration of lactic acid in silages with addition of FGE or combined with tannin of acacia (B, C, D, E, and F) were higher (P3-N decreased with increasing concentration of tannin. Butyric acid concentration decreased in silages B, C, D, E, and F as compared to that in silage A. Addition of FGE combined with tannin prepared from acacia leaf improved fermentation quality of king grass silage
Keragaman dan Kebutuhan Teknologi Pakan Peternak Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Enrekang
Get PDFAn appropriate understanding towards preference of small-scale dairy producers can improve technology adoption. The objective of this study was to understand potential, problem and need of small-scale dairy producers including farmer and his wife. The method used was modification of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) like participatory mapping to detect potential, and Preference ranking to understand problem and need priority. PRA applications were six times during April-September 2009 at central area and non-central area in Enrekang regency. Preference of farmer and his wife toward potential and problem were not different. Only feed technology need was different. Forage sources at central area were more diverse than non-central area but concentrate sources at non-central area were more than central area. Lack of knowledge for feed and concentrate formulation and nutritional requirements, less known of feed use, and low feed quality at dry season were the main problems at central area. At non-central area, lack of knowledge for preserving feed, lack of labour, and feed shortage at dry season were main problem faced by farmers. Knowledge improvement for local feed and complete-feed formulation are priority technology at central area. At non-central area, agricultural waste and forage preserving and complete-feed are needed by farmer
Produksi dan Kandungan Mineral Pueraria phaseoloides dengan Tingkat Naungan dan Inokulasi Mikoriza Berbeda
Get PDFProblems of forage management in the integration of livestock into oil palm and rubber plantations in Indonesia are declining of light as the canopy of the plant increases and acid soils containing low available P, Cu, and Zn. The objective of experiment was to study the effect of shading and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculations on the production and content of P, Cu, and Zn of Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth (puero). The experiment was arranged according to the split plot design with three replicates in a green house. Treatments tested were shading as the main plot (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) and AMF inoculations as sub plots (indigenous AMF, Glomus manihotis, indigenous AMF + G. manihotis and no inoculation). Root biomass was affected by shading level while leaf stem ratio was affected by both shading level and AMF inoculations. Inoculations with G. manihotis and indigenous + G. manihotis indicated higher herbage production and P contents than inoculations with indigenous AMF. Effectiveness of AMF inoculation on improvement of production and P uptake varied according to shading conditions. P. phaseoloides was tolerant to shading up to 50% and its production and P content as responses on inoculation of AMF were affected by soil conditions and shading intensity. Inoculation of G. manihotis and its combination with indigenous AMF improved production and P content of Pueraria phaseoloides in shading level upto 50%
Feasibility Analyses of Integrated Broiler Production
Get PDFThe major obstacles in the development of broiler raising is the expensive price of feed and the fluctuative price of DOCs. The cheap price of imported leg quarters reduces the competitiveness of the local broilers. Therefore, an effort to increase production efficiency is needed through integration between broiler raising and corn farmers and feed producers (integrated farming). The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of integrating broiler raising with corn cultivation and feed production. Besides that, a simulation was conducted to analyze the effects of DOC price changes, broiler price and production capacity. The analyses showed that integrated farming and a mere combination between broiler raising and feed factory of a 10,000 bird capacity is not financially feasible. Increasing the production to 25,000 broiler chickens will make the integrated farming financially feasible. Unintegrated broiler raising is relatively sensitive to broiler price decreases and DOC price increases compared to integrated farming
PCR-RFLP Using BseDI Enzyme for Pork Authentication in Sausage and Nugget Products
Get PDFA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using BseDI restriction enzyme had been applied for identifying the presence of pork in processed meat (beef sausage and chicken nugget) including before and after frying. Pork sample in various levels (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 25 %) was prepared in a mixture with beef and chicken meats and processed for sausage and nugget. The primers CYTb1 and CYTb2 were designed in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and PCR successfully amplified fragments of 359 bp. To distinguish existence of porcine species, the amplified PCR products of mitochondrial DNA were cut by BseDI restriction enzyme. The result showed pig mitochondrial DNA was cut into 131 and 228 bp fragments. The PCR-RFLP species identification assay yielded excellent results for identification of porcine species. It is a potentially reliable technique for pork detection in animal food processed products for Halal authentication
Oligosaccharides in Milk: Their Benefits and Future Utilization
Get PDFThe percentage of carbohydrate in the milk/colostrum of the mammalian is range from trace to over 10%, of which disaccharide lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc) is usually constitutes the major part. Apart from the lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc; Gal, D-galactose; Glc, D-glucose), the rest of carbohydrate components is composed of variety of sugars, commonly named as milk oligosaccharides. Human mature milk and colostrum contain 12 ~ 13 g/l and 22 ~ 24 g/l of oligosaccharides, respectively. In contrast, bovine colostrum contains more than 1 g/l oligosaccharides and this concentration rapidly decreases after 48 hr post partum. Most of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are resistant to digestion and absorption within the small intestine. Therefore they can reach the infant colon, where they can act as prebiotics that stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as various species of Bifidobacterium. They can also act as receptor analogues that inhibit the attachment of pathogenic microorganisms to the infant\u27s colonic mucosa. A small part of the milk oligosaccharides is absorbed intact into the circulation and it has been hypothesized that these may act as immunomodulators. Generally, the bovine milk oligosaccharides are believed not to be absorbed by human adults or infants, thus making them available to be utilized as prebiotics or anti-infection materials. The colostrum of cows and other domestic farm animals is a potential source of free oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides isolated from these natural sources can be utilized as functional foods or animal feedstuffs on the industrial scale
Ketahanan Asam Lemak Tidak Jenuh dalam Crude Palm Oil Terproteksi terhadap Aktivitas Mikrob Rumen Domba in Vitro
Get PDFThe experiment was aimed to study the composition of unsaturated fatty acid, fermentation parameter and microbial activity in the rumen-buffer mixture when protected CPO with casein and formaldehyde was incubated in the in vitro fermentation. CPO and milk powder (1:2) were mixed, added technical formaldehyde 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of blend, mixed again to form CCPO. The amount of 0% (0 mg), 1.5% (4.5 mg), 3% (9 mg), 4.5% (13.5 mg) and 6% (18 mg) CCPO was inserted into fermenter bottles containing napier grass and rice bran (60:40), was tested in vitro. The data were analyzed by completely randomized design with factorial pattern 4 x 5 (level of formaldehyde as factor A and level of CPO as factor B). The different of treatments were tested by Duncan\u27s new multiple range test. Result shows that the increase of formaldehyde level could increase unsaturated fatty acids content, CMC-ase activity, microbial protein and number of protozoa, but decreased NH3, VFA, and pH of rumen fluid. The increase of CPO level also increased fatty acid composition and microbial protein, but decreased NH3, VFA, and pH, CMC-ase activity and number of protozoa in rumen fluid. It can be concluded that encapsulated CPO with formaldehyde increased unsaturated fatty acid composition and microbial activity, but decreased fermentation parameters
Genetic and Non-Genetics Effect on Birth, Weaning, and Yearling Weight of Bali Cattle
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on the growth traits including birth weight, weaning, and yearling weight of Bali cattle. Data were analyzed using generalized linear model (SAS) to observe non-genetic effect. To evaluate the genetic effect, the estimation of heritability were done using mixed models analysis with the dam and sire as random effect and sex, parity, year of birth, and season as fixed effect in the model besides the residual. The results showed that sex of calf had no significant influence on birth and weaning weight but had significant influence on yearling weight (P+0.07, 0.33+0.09, and 0.43+0.10 respectively. Heritability value of growth trait weaning and yearling weight in Bali cattle was quite moderate to high, so it was expected that selection in achieving increased gain on growth trait was effective