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A Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Associated with Production Traits in Bali Cattle
Get PDFInsulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the gene candidates that can be used in selection strategy by using DNA markers (marker assisted selection). Gene candidate strategy is a molecular biology techniques to identify quantitative trait loci directly, with the assumption that genetic variation associated to quantitative trait variation. This study was designed to identify any new mutations in exon 4 that can cause the IGF-1 gene polymorphism and then affect the production traits on Bali cattle. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery was conducted by using the direct sequencing technique. Genetic variation of the genes candidate was identified by using PCR-RFLP technique. The results of this study indicate the presence of a new SNP in exon 4 of IGF-1 gene caused by the T/C transition, which can be identified using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Genotypic polymorphism of IGF-1/Rsa1 has a significant influence on birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of Bali cattle. CC genotype had a birth weight rate, weaning weight and average daily gain of: 15.64±1.83; 83.15±9.00, and 0.439±0.07 respectively, higher than the TT and CT genotype. IGF-1/Rsa1 can be used as a genetic marker for selection of birth weight, weaning weight, and daily body weight gain.
The Growth and Distribution of Carcass Fat in Fattening Steer of Different Breeds
Get PDFThe growth and distribution patterns of carcass fat were investigated in three breeds of beef cattle entering fattening phase. The study involved 23 grass-fed steer Brahman, 24 Hereford and 22 Brahmanx Hereford crosses with a live weight range from 300-600 kg. An allometric Huxley model was used to study the growth and distribution patterns of fat tissue within wholesale cut. In most cases, Brahmans had significantly higher growth coefficients than Herefords and/or BrahmanxHereford crosses while Herefords and BrahmanxHereford crosses had similar growth coefficients in wholesale cuts. At log natural of 75 kg side muscle+bone weight (4.313 kg), Herefords had significantly a higher fat weight within wholesale cuts than Brahmans and BrahmanxHereford crosses. Comparison at log natural of 114 kg side muscle+bone weight (4.733 kg), whilst Brahmans and Herefords were similar in fat weight distribution, the cross-bred steer had lower fat weights than the other two breed groups in almost all wholesale cuts
Substitution of Concentrate with Mulberry Leaves in Ongole Grade Cattle Fed Rice Straw Based Diet
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to assess the substitution of concentrate with mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves combined with rice straw offered to beef cattle. The study used 12 male Ongole grade cattle weighing 217+10.53 kg. Rations consisted of rice straw, mulberry leaves and concentrate. Research was carried out according to completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications for each treatment. The treatments were: P1= 50% rice straw + 50% concentrate; P2= 50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% mulberry; P3= 50% rice straw + 50% mulberry. The results of the study indicated that rumen fermentation in cattlle fed on P2 ration was more effective than those receiving P1 and P3 rations. The fermentation was characterized by a higher production of total VFA and allantoin excretion in the urine. The presence of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) compound of mulberry leaves in the rumen system in treatment P2 and P3 improved digestibility of fiber fractions of rice straw-based rations. Mulberry leaves in rations also accounted for isoacids in the rumen system, which supported the development of cellulolytic bacteria. In conclusion, mulberry leaves containing concentrate had a potency to substitute concentrate when used together with fiber source feed such as rice straw
Factors Determining Farmers’ Decision on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Vaccination at the Small Poultry Farms in Western Java
Get PDFVaccination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is one of the control measures in poultry farm. There are several factors determining farmer\u27s decision on the implementation of this vaccination. They are the type of poultry, the experience of farmers in the poultry farm, the pattern of poultry farm management, the role of poultry farm on household income, the scale of poultry farm, the mortality rate of poultry, the cost of medication, and the case of HPAI. The analysis result showed that two factors namely type of poultry and the role of poultry farm on household income had significant influence on farmer\u27s decision to implement HPAI vaccination. In fact, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would be more effective in independent farms since the risk of this disease was single-handedly borne by farmers. Apart from that, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would also be more effective in farms that had never been infected by HPAI, particularly layer farms. Overall, HPAI vaccination would be more effectively implemented through supporting biosecurity measures in poultry farms.
Inhibitory of Encapsulated Earthworm Extract (Lumbricus rubellus) on Pathogenic Bacteria in Vitro
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory of earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) extract (ECT) and encapsulated earthworm extract (ECT-t) as poultry feed additive against some pathogenic bacteria. Earthwom extract was prepared by dekokta method with water at 90 ºC then encapsulated by spray drying with maltodextrin as filler. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed using dilution method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optical density results showed that started from ECT level 0.26% inhibited (PP. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while ECT level 0.52% inhibited (PE. coli and S. pullorum along with the increased levels of concentration. The percentage of growth showed that ECT level 1.04% had inhibitory (PE. coli and P. aeruginosa, while ECT level 0.52% showed antibacterial activity (PS. aureus. The result showed that S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium to earthworms extract. ECT-t level 0.78% and 1.04% measured by spectrophotometer showed inhibitory (PP. aeruginosa and S. pullorum respectively. While ECT-t level 0.26% measured by spread plate count method showed inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa. LD50 of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were found at ECT level 1.04%, while LD50 of S. aureus was found at level 0.52%. LD50 of P. aeruginosa was found at ECT-t level 0.52%. There were no antibacterial action (P>0.05) of ECT and ECT-t against S. pullorum.
Identification of Morphometry and Carcass Composition of Local Sheep at Different Growth Rate
Get PDFSheep fattening farms have been recently growing rapidly to produce better quality of sheep meat and fullfill consumer\u27s demand. Sheep fattening and breeding farms should be developed proportionally to obtain sustainable sheep flock in the market. Twelve male lambs (less than one year old) were selected based on their average daily gain (ADG), consisting into two groups: 6 fast growing (FG) and 6 slow growing (SG) sheep. Some morphometric parameters in body and head parts of sheep and their carcass production and composition were measured and compared between the groups. The results show that chest circumference, body height, body length, head length and muzzle, top and bottom neck circumferences of FG sheep were significantly higher than in SG sheep (P0.05). It is concluded that selection of fast growing sheep can be recommended by using some morphometric parameters. The selection would not also negatively affect the weight and percentage of carcass composition.
The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Enhancing Productivity, Nutritional Quality, and Drought Tolerance Mechanism of Stylosanthes seabrana
Get PDFArbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi. Their major role is to enhance nutrient and water uptake by the host plants. The objective of this research was to study the role of AMF in enhancing productivity, nutritional quality and tolerance mechanism of Stylosanthes seabrana in drought conditions. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments: A0 (without AMF), A1 (without AMF in drought), A2 (with AMF), and A3 (with AMF in drought) in S. seabrana. Parameters observed were the soil moisture content, water potential of shoot, relative water content of leaf (RWC), root length, shoot and root dry weight, proline, soluble sugars, crude protein, gas production, and digestibility of organic matter. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatments were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range test. Results showed that inoculation of AMF could enhance leaf water potential, shoot and root dry weight, crude protein, gas production, digestibility of organic matter, but decreased proline and soluble sugars significantly (PS. seabrana seems likely through accumulating organicosmolytes such as prolines and soluble sugars
Jenis dan Kandungan Tanin Pakan Satwa Anoa (Bubalus sp.)
Get PDFStudy of kinds and tannin content of diets consumed by anoa is limited. This information is very important and necessary for anoa domestication. The aims of this research were to obtain information on kinds and tannin content of anoa diets. The research was conducted in forest of Pangi Binangga nature reserve and Lore Lindu National Park, province of Central Sulawesi in March to November 2009. Digestive content analyses method was used to study the kinds of diets consumed by anoa. Chromatography was used for tannin analysis. Results of the digestive content analysis found ten kinds of anoa diets, i.e. Ficus miquelly, Caryota mitis, Ficus ampelas, Syzigium sp., Cordia mixab, Paspalum conjugatum, Smilax leocophylla, Saccarum spontaneum, Isachne globosa and Imperata cylindrica. The proportion of the diets were 60%, 45%, 35%, 17%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 8%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Three of six diets namely Ficus miquelly, Saccarum spontaneum and Isachne globosa contained low tannin. The tannin content of three diets was 0.34%, 0.61%, and 0.99%, respectively. It is concluded that anoa in forest prefer diets that contain low tannin, such as Ficus fruits, shoots of shrubs
Tingkat Fertilisasi dan Perkembangan Embrio Mencit yang Diberi Ekstrak Buah Merah
Get PDFIn the present study examined the influence of red fruit extract (RFE) on fertilization rate and development of mice embryos during the pre-implantation stage. The application of RFE dose 0 ml/head/day, 0.05 ml/head/day, and 0.1 ml/head/day for seven days were conducted to examine its influence at the level of fertilization, then the application of RFE was continued during 0-3 days stage of pregnancy (0 day of pregnancy is the formation of the vaginal plug). The super-ovulation of the white mice was done by injecting of 5 IU PMSG and hCG (48 hours after PMSG), folowed by mating the females with males with ratio 1:1. The single-cell-embryos were collected 20 hours after the injection of hCG. The eggs were then fixed and stained before examinating the normal fertilization of eggs (formation 2 pronucleus). The morula and blastocysts were collected 84 hours after injection of hCG. The influence of the RFE with dose 0.1 ml on normal fertilization rate (formation 2 PN), significantly higher (46.01%) compared with dose 0.05 ml (37.51%) and controlled (16.38%). However, the influence of RFE with dose of 0.05 ml and 0.1 ml on the growth of pre-implantation stage embryos may inhibit the growth of mice embryos during the pre-implantation stage in vivo
Association of Polymorphisms Calpastatin Gene with Body Weight of Local Sheep in Jonggol, Indonesia
Get PDFCalpastatin (CAST) gene is located on the fifth chromosome of sheep and plays important roles in formation of muscles and meat tenderness after slaughtering. Association of genetic polymorphism in the CAST gene locus MspI and NcoI with body weight was examined in local sheep from Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU), Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. The genotypes for CAST were determined by the PCR-RLFP method. Blood samples were collected from 264 local sheep belonging to JASTRU located in Singosari Village, Bogor District, West Java Province. Extraction of genomic DNA was based on the phenol chloroform method. CAST locus MspI had three genotypes including in MM, MN and NN with frequencies of 0.75, 0.23, and 0.02 respectively. CAST locus NcoI had two genotypes including in MM and MN with frequencies of 0.92, 0.08 respectively. Chi-square test confirmed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the CAST locus MspI and NcoI. There was no significant effects (P>0.05) of CAST locus MspI and NcoI genotypes on body weight of local sheep in JASTRU