Media Peternakan
Not a member yet
551 research outputs found
Sort by
Roles of Dietary Cobalt and Administration of Mixed Rumen Bacteria in Regulating Hematological Parameters of Pre-weaning Twin Lambs
Get PDFCobalt (Co) is required by rumen microorganism for vitamin B12 synthesis. Vitamin B12 is an important cofactor for methionine synthesis and gluconeogenesis. In young ruminants up to 6–8 wk old, the rumen has not been completely developed and rumen microorganisms are not ready to supply vitamin B12. The aim of this research was to determine the potency of mixed rumen bacteria and dietary supplementation of Co and its effect on plasma glucose, blood minerals (Co, Fe, and Zn) concentrations, and hematology of pre-weaning twin lambs. Twelve one month-old local twin lambs were assigned to 4 groups in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were fed cow milk at 10% body weight, adjusted weekly for 80 d. Mixed rumen bacteria were offered at 15 mL/d (8.295x1010 cfu). Dietary treatments were: 1) basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM cyanocobalamin (VitB12) and 3) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM of Co + administration of 15 mL mixed rumen bacteria (CoBac). There were no treatment effects on neither plasma glucose and blood mineral concentrations nor hematological profiles. This study demonstrated that pre-weaning twin lambs are not responsive to supplementation of Co and administration of mixed rumen bacteria
Estimates of Genetic and Phenotypic Trends of Growth Traits in Bali Cattle
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic trends for growth traits including birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling weight (YW) in Bali cattle. The number of cattle used to determine growth traits of BW, WW, and YW were 235, 215, and 178 heads, respectively. Estimation of breeding value, phenotypic and genetic correlation were calculated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood and General Linier Model (GLM) procedures, respectively. Genetic trends analysis was performed using the regression mean breeding values on birth year. Phenotypic and genetic correlation among BW and WW were 0.10 and 0.08 respectively and 0.90 and 0.70 for WW and YW respectively. The phenotypic trends for traits of birth and weaning weight were constant, whereas yearling weight was fluctuating from 2000 to 2008. Likewise, in the case of genetic trends, the birth and weaning weight were constant from 2000 to 2008 except for WW in 2005, whereas the genetic trends for yearling weight showed a fluctuation of wide range. According to the breeding value estimated for all traits, the best was the sire No. 0565, whose breeding value for BW, WW and YW were +0.07, +2.79, and +10.25 kg, respectively higher than the mean value of the population. The genetic trends showed that there have been a significant and positive genetic improvement in all growth traits and indicate that selection would be effective. Genetic correlation between WW and YW was high (0.70) which indicates that the selection on weaning weight might also increase yearling weight in Bali cattle
Gelatin Properties of Goat Skin Produced by Calcium Hydroxide as Curing Material
Get PDFApplication of strong bases as curing materials has been widely applied in commercial gelatin industries, but the application of weak bases has not been much done. Application of strong bases as a treatment was not economical and assumed to affect human health. Studies were conducted on the properties of goat skin gelatin manufactured using weak base types of Ca(OH)2 and then compared with properties of commercial gelatin. Skins from Bligon goats of 1.5 to 2.5 years old was used as the raw materials and Ca(OH)2 100 g/l as curing materials. The 2x3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used as a design study. Two curing times (2 and 4 days) and three concentrations (3, 6, 9% v/v) were used as treatments, and commercial gelatin (pure (P) by Merck, food grade (Fg) and pharmacy standards (Ps)) were used as control. Gelatin produced from goat skins using Ca(OH)2 had properties similar to that of commercial gelatin. The heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) contained in goat skin gelatin still meet the INS standards. The optimum production of gelatin has been generated through the application of 4-day curing time at a concentration of 9% (v/v)
Genetic Polymorphisms of the Coding Region (Exon 6) of Calpastatin in Indonesian Sheep
Get PDFCalpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to identify genetic polymorphisms in the entire exon 6 of calpastatin gene in Indonesian local sheep. A PCR-SSCP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of CAST gene. In total 258 heads of local sheep from 8 populations were investigated, three groups of samples were Thin Tail Sheep (TTS) from Sukabumi, Jonggol, and Kissar. The rest samples were Priangan sheep (PS) from Margawati (Garut meat type) and Wanaraja (Garut fighting type) and Fat Tail Sheep (FTS) from Donggala, Sumbawa, and Rote islands. SSCP analysis revealed that three different SSCP patterns corresponded to three different alleles in the CAST locus (CAST-1, 2, and 3 allele) with five different genotypes. Genetic variation between local sheep populations were calculated based on genotypic and allelic frequencies. Most populations studied were polymorphic, with genotype frequencies of CAST-11, CAST-12, CAST-22, CAST-32, and CAST-33 were 0.286, 0.395, 0.263, 0.046, and 0.007 respectively. CAST-1 and 2 alleles were most commonly found in all populations with total frequency was 0.970, while CAST-3 was a rare allele 0.030 and only found in TTS population. Variation in the CAST gene could be used for the next research as genetic diversity study or to find any association between CAST polymorphism with birth weight, growth trait and carcass quality in Indonesian local sheep
Non Genetic Factors Affecting Pre-Weaning Weight and Growth Rate of Ettawah Grade Goats
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various non-genetic factors on live weights at different ages (at birth, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d of age), and on average daily gains (from birth to 30, 60, 90, and 120 d) of Ettawah Grade kids. Data from 314 records kids at the national village breeding centre of Kaligesing Purworejo Central Java province were analyzed. Results showed that average live weights at birth (BW= 3.44 kg), 30 d of age (W30= 7.19 kg), 60 d of age (W60= 11.05 kg), 90 d of age (W90= 14.75 kg), 120 d of age (W120= 18.86 kg), and average daily gain from birth until 30 d of age (ADG30= 125.6 g), 60 d of age (ADG60= 126.97 g), 90 d of age (ADG90= 125.87 g), 120 d of age (ADG120= 128.78 g) were influenced by sex, litter size, and age of dams. Means of BW, W30, W60, W90, W120, ADG30, ADG60, ADG90, and ADG120 of males were higher than females. Multiple (twin and triplets) born kids were lighter than single. Mean of body weight and average daily gain increased with the dam\u27s age. The implication of these findings should be accounted in genetic evaluations and also should consider maternal ability for the improvement of Ettawah Grade
Infectious Bronchitis Vaccination Protocols for Laying Hens
Get PDFA research was conducted to investigate the effects of vaccination protocols for Infectious Bronchitis (IB) on egg production, egg quality, and IB antibody titres of laying hens. Different initial vaccination (Control, VicS eye, VicS spray, VicS water, A3 eye, A3 spray, and A3 water) for IB were administered to day-old Isa Brown hens. Half the hens were revaccinated regularly during lay whereas the other hens were not vaccinated. Results showed that initial vaccination treatment had significant effects on hen day egg production and egg quality of egg weight, shell reflectivity, shell breaking strength, shell thickness, albumen height, Haugh Units, and IB antibody titre levels, but had no effect on percentage of shell and yolk colour. Egg weight and shell reflectivity were less favourable in the control hens. In contrast, shell breaking strength and shell thickness were highest for the group that initially received A3 vaccine in water. However, regular revaccination had some deleterious effects on egg production and egg quality. There were no significant effects of revaccination on IB antibody titres. It is concluded that there was little advantage in regularly revaccinating laying hens for IB virus, since they had received appropriate initial vaccination.
Performance of Broiler Chickens Offered Drinking Water Contained Water Extracted Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) Leaf and Sugar Cane
Get PDFOur previous study showed that the addition of water extracted beluntas leaf into drinking water could be used as an anti-stress and improved performance of broiler chicken. However, the addition was only up to 10% of drinking water. The objective of this experiment was to study whether the addition of sugar and water extracted beluntas leaf in levels higher than 10% of drinking water can give greater benefit on performances and meat cholesterol content of broiler. Two hundred sixteen DOCs CP707 strain were reared for four weeks in high stocking density of 15 birds/m2. The birds were subjected to experimental drinking waters with or without water extracted beluntas leaf (v/v) and sugar which is consisted of T1 (only drinking water), T2 (drinking water + commercial antistress), T3 (drinking water + 10% extract of beluntas leaf ), T4 (drinking water + 20% extract of beluntas leaf), T5 (drinking water + 40% extract of beluntas leaf), T6 (drinking water + 80% extract of beluntas leaf), T7 (drinking water + 40% extract of beluntas leaf + 1.6% sugar), and T8 (drinking water 80% extract of beluntas leaf + 3.1% sugar). The results showed that water extracted beluntas leaf addition higher than 10% significantly reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain, final body weight, and increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. It is concluded that the addition of water extracted beluntas leaf more than 10% into drinking water cannot give greater benefit on performances as an antistress of broiler. Sugar addition cannot help the disadvantage due to the bitter taste of higher level of water extracted beluntas leaf addition.
Mineral Utilization in Rams Fed Ration Supplemented with Different Levels of Chromium, Calcium, and Cation-Anion Balances
Get PDFChromium (Cr) is an essential mineral for ruminants. Its metabolism and interactions with other minerals has not been widely known. This experiment was designed to evaluate the utilization of minerals and growth of Garut ram fed ration supplemented with Cr and different Dietary Cation Anion Balance (DCAB) and Ca level. Dietary treatments, namely: R0 (Ration with DCAB+14); R1 (Ration with DCAB+14 + Cr 3ppm,); R2 (Ration with DCAB 0 + Ca); R3 (Ration with DCAB 0 + Cr 3 ppm + Ca), were allocated in twenty four of 1.5-2 years old Garut rams in a randomized block design. The results showed that Cr supplementation in rations containing different levels of Ca did not affect feed intake, body weight gain, and dry matter digestibility, but reduced the absorption of Cr and Ca of the low Ca diet. Supplementation of Cr had no effect on Cr, Ca, Zn, and Mg status in blood and semen of the rams. Level of Cr intake had negative correlation with Ca absorption and positive correlation with blood Cr levels. There is a positive relationship between level of Ca intake with Ca and Mg absorption and blood Ca and Zn levels. Intake of Cr and Ca was not related to the semen Cr and Ca levels.
Characteristics and in Vitro Fertilization Ability of Ram Spermatozoa: Comparison of Epididymal and Ejaculated Spermatozoa
Get PDFThe characteristics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) ability of ram spermatozoa collected from cauda epididymal was examined. Ejaculated spermatozoa was used as control group in this experiment. Characteristics of spermatozoa including the percentage of progressive motility, viability, abnormality and membrane integrity were evaluated before and after freezing. Fertilization ability of post-thawed spermatozoa in both group was examined based on the pronucleus formation after IVF of in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes. Results from these study showed that there were no significant differences in the characteristics between cauda epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa before freezing. After freezing, motility of ejaculated spermatozoa was higher than epididymal spermatozoa (54.00±2.24% vs 48.00±4.47%), however the membrane integrity of epididymal spermatozoa was higher than ejaculated spermatozoa (75.38±9.32% vs 65.54±11.88%) (P experiment revealed that the ability of post-thawed epididymal spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes (61.40%, 42.98%, 18.42% for total, normal and polysperm, respectively) did not differ from that of ejaculated spermatozoa (66.67%, 48.78%, 17.89% for total, normal and polysperm, respectively). These results indicate that ram spermatozoa collected from cauda epididymal and then frozen have the ability to fertilize ram ooctyes in vitro in the similar rate with ejaculated spermatozoa
Successful Intracervical Insemination and Characteristics of Anoa (Bubalus sp.) Parturation Behavior in Captivity
Get PDFAnoa, which is the endemic animal in Indonesia, its population is unevitably decreasing, therefore anoa included in the list of endangered species by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The experiment was aimed to apply the artificial insemination (AI) technique for anoa and to examine their parturition behavior. The experiment involved 2 males and 5 females anoa at Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. Semen was collected by electroejaculator, then evaluated and diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender. The anesthetized estrous females were inseminated intracervically with extended semen (100x106 sperm/1.0 mL). Females which did not show estrous signs during 2-3 cycles after AI were predicted pregnant, and therefore confirmed by ultrasonography. As a comparison, another predicted-pregnant female after natural mating was scanned. The results showed that intracervical AI resulted pregnancy in one female, and the gestation period of anoa was ranged from 313 d (AI) to 324 d (natural mating). There were three stages of parturition process was observed: Stage 1 was characterized by the abdominal contraction and amniotic membrane rupture, Stage 2 was characterized by the fetal expulsions, and Stage 3 was characterized by the placental expulsions and ingestion of placenta by the dam. The duration of each stage of parturition was 6-8 h (stage 1), 30-60 min (stage 2), and 15-180 min (stage 3). It is concluded that AI technique was applicable to anoa in captivity, and the parturation behavior of anoa was comparable to buffalo and cattle. However, the fetal delivery occurred when the dam was in standing position and the dam ingested the placenta.