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Microanatomical Structure and Physical Characteristics of Thin Tail Hogget with Calpastatin (CAST-1) Genotype Differences
Get PDFThin tail sheep has good adaptation in tropics condition, but they have low meat quality. Quality of thin tail hogget can be improved by selection. Calpastatin (CAST) gene is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of calpastatin-genotype on microanatomical structure and physical characteristics of thin tail hodget. Nine thin tail sheep from Jonggol were used for this research.PCR-RFLP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of calpastatin gene, based on the identificationof CAST variation genotype. It was found that MM and MN genotypes forcalpastatin gene with TT as asingle Calpain genotype variation. The sheep wasclustered based on the variation of calpastatin gene, 5 sheep hadMM genotype and 4 sheep hadMN genotype. Physical and microanatomical characteristics were analyzed from their meats. Sheep with MN genotype showed tougher meat, it was characterized with a greater of muscle fiber surface area, the number of muscle per muscle bundle and muscle bundle area and harder meat tenderness than in MM genotypes. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of MN were greater than MM.
Mucosal Mast Cells Response in the Jejunum of Ascaridia galli-Infected Laying Hens
Get PDFIntestinal defense mechanism against helminthes parasitic nematode to be associated with mucosal mast cells reaction. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of infection by Ascaridia galli parasite to trigger mucosal defense based on mucosal mast cells response in laying hens. Amount of ten head laying hens 12-wk old were divided into two groups containing five chickens of each. The first group, chickens were left as un-infected controls. The second group, chickens were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated eggs of A. galli. Mucosal mast cell responses were assayed by in situ jejunal mast cell counts in stained serial histological sections with Alcian blue (pH 0.3) and Safranin-O (pH 0.1) of the jejunum. Mucosal mast cells response were observed and counted on days 14 post infection. The result showed that A. galli infection was able to increase significantly (P<0.05) mast cells response. This research concluded that the A. galli infection can trigger the involment of mucosal mast cells response in jejunal defense of laying hens against parasitic diseases caused by A. galli
The Quality of Stallion Semen in Skim Milk and Dimitropoulos Extenders Preserved at 5 oC and Ambient Temperature Supplemented with Different Sugar
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sugars supplementation in skim milk based (SM) and dimitropoulos (DV) extenders on the sperm motility and viability in stallion semen storage at 5 oC and ambient temperature (24-29 oC). Semen samples were collected from 3 stallions; evaluate individually and each of them divided into 8 aliquots. Four out of eight aliquots were diluted 1:1 with SM, while the remaining four were diluted 1:1 with DV; all were then centrifuged at 1006 g (3000 RPM) for 15 min. The supernatants were discarded, and each pellet was re-diluted with SM (control), SM trehalose (SMT), SM-raffinose (SMR), SM-fructose (SMF), DV (control), DV-trehalose (DVT), DV-raffinose (DVR), and DV-fructose (DVF). The diluted semen were divided into 2 aliquots and stored at 5 oC or ambient temperature. The sperm motility and viability were evaluated every 3 h on chilled semen stored at ambient temperature, and every 12 h on those stored at 5 oC. Results of the experiments demonstrated that sperm motility and viability in DV extender significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both temperature. The supplementation of fructose was the best on the motility and viability of the sperm at both temperatures compare to trehalose, raffinose, or the control group. The best extender and sugar combination was DVF, which the total motile sperm stored at 5 oC for 96 h was 45.1% followed by to DVT (40.2%) and DVR (39.2%). The sperm motility in DV and SMF were 35.3% and 35.6%, respectively; these were higher than those diluted with control (28.9%); SMT (30.3%), and SMR (29.6%). The study concluded that the supplementation of fructose in DV extender (DVF) was the best combination to preserve stallion sperm motility and viability stored at 5 oC or ambient temperature
Growth Hormone Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Partial Cumulative Milk Yields of Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle
Get PDFGrowth hormone gene (GH gene) plays an important role in regulating body growth and in developing mammary gland, similar with its interaction to specific receptors. The GH gene has been considered as one of candidate gene associated with selection on lactation trait and milk production. This study was aimed to determine genetic polymorphism of the GH-AluI gene and to associate its genotype variants on various 15-d partial cumulative milk yields in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows. A number of 370 blood samples were collected from six HF populations, respectively from small dairy farmer under the supervision of the North Bandung Milk Cooperation (NBMC) in Cilumber (98) and Pasir Kemis village (96), Dairy Cattle Breeding and Improvement Station (Cikole DCBIS) Cikole (88), Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (Lembang AIC) (17), Singosari Artificial Insemination Center (Singosari AIC (32), and Cipelang Livestock Embryo Center (Cipelang LEC) (40). A polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to identify variant genotypes of the GH gene using AluI restriction enzyme. Genotyping results produced only two genotypes, i.e. LL and LV genotypes, without VV genotype. Frequency of the former was dominant, whilst that was low for the latter (89% vs. 11%); leading to the frequency of L allele was very high (94%) compared to that of V allele (6%). No significant association between variant genotypes (LL and LV) and various 15-d partial cumulative milk yields
Passive Immunization of Anti bZP3 (Zone Pellucida3) in Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus) and Mouse (Mus musculus)
Get PDFThis study was aimed at comparing the influence of anti bZP3\u27s passive immunization on anti-anti bZP3\u27s titer and pregnancy level on Wistar rats and mice. This study employed factorial design experiment with completely randomized design. The first factor was immunogenic type. The treated rats were immunized with 100 L anti bZP3 in 100 L Complete Freund\u27s Adjuvant (CFA), while the treated mice were injected with 50 L anti bZP3 in 50 L CFA. Control Wistar rats and mice were immunized with CFA and Incomplete Freund\u27s Adjuvant (IFA) without anti bZP3. The second factor was animal type. The third factor was the length of serum incubation, i.e. 38, 49, 63, 86, 100, and 126 d. Dot blot on the treated Wistar rats and mice showed positive response proven by blue gradation; pre-immune mice as well as control Wistar rats and mice showed negative response proven by white gradation. The highest antibody titer in treated mouse serum was shown in 63 d incubation. The pregnancy on treated mice, control mice and Wistar rat occurred 100% until day 126; while the failure percentage on the treated mice was 4.5%. The pregnancy on treated mice occurred in 86 d incubation (1 rat), 100 d incubation (1 rat), and 126 d incubation (3 rats). Effective passive immunization on similar hospes occurred until day 63; while different hospes was ineffective. Antibodi anti-bZP3 was potential as a contraception through passive immunization on similar hospes
Cashmere Quality of Iranian Goat Breeds
Get PDFThis paper assesses the cashmere quality in different Iranian cashmere goat breeds to determine the scope for improvement of fiber quality. In April 2009 midside cashmere samples were taken from a total of 168 male and female cashmere goats of 1, 2, 3, and 4 yr of age. The goats were randomly chosen from Raeini, Birjandi, and Nadoushan breeds respectively from Kerman, South Khorasan, and Yazd provinces. Cashmere yield (CY) was determined from the percentage of weight of dehaired cashmere to weight of shorn fibre. Cashmere fiber diameter was analyzed using a projection microscope instrument. A general linear model including sex and age as fixed effects and breed as random effect was used to analyze the data and measure the relationships between different cashmere characteristics and fleece attributes. The overall means ± standard deviations were for cashmere yield (CY) 51.4%±1.5%, mean fiber diameter (MFD) 18.7±0.2 µm, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter (CVFD) 19.1%±0.3% and staple length (SL) 42.8±1.6 mm. One year old goats had finer cashmere than older goats. CVFD were higher in males and CY and SL were higher in young animals. Iranian cashmere goat breeds have an excellent SL but are relatively coarse. Given the differences between goats there seems to be substantial scope to improve the commercial value of cashmere
The Success Rate of Artificial Insemination Using Post-Thawed Spotted Buffaloes Epididymal Sperm
Get PDFSpotted buffalo, an exotic species that exists in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is getting extinct due to high number of slaughtered during a funeral ceremony, called Rambu Solo’, as well as special treatments that do not allow the male spotted buffaloes perform natural mating activity. According to that, the research was trying to start conservation program by collected the cauda epididymal sperm soon after slaughtered. Two egg yolk-based extenders with different buffers, tris hydroxyl amino methane (TEY20) and trisodium citrate dehydrate (CEY20), were used as comparison to evaluate the post-thawed epididymal sperm quality and fertilizing capacity in artificial insemination program. The results showed that the post-thawed progressive motility of epididymal sperm was 40% and 39.17%, while viability was 65.99% and 63.26% and membrane integrity was 65.43% and 63.03% in TEY20 and CEY20 extenders, respectively. The success rate of pregnancy was 46.67% using post-thawed epididymal sperm in TEY20 and 40% using the one in CEY20 extenders. In conclusion, tris-based and citrate-based extenders have similar ability to maintain the epididymal sperm quality and its fertilizing capacity
Performance Enhancement and Immunity Profile of Broiler Treated Feed Additive Containing Lactic Acid Bacteria and Ganoderma lucidum
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of feed additive containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) on body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), performance index (PI), antibody titer (AT) against Newcastle disease and histopathology of broilers. Bacteria used were Lactobacillus salivarius and Pediococcus pentosaceus, which were isolated from broiler\u27s intestine. A number of 195 unsexed day old chicks (Cobb strain) were arranged in a completely randomized design and consisted of 5 treatments, each in 3 equal replicates. The treatments were as followed T0: control/without-feed additive, T1: 1% LAB (109 cfu g-1), T2: 1% GL, T3: 1% of LAB 109 cfu g-1 + GL (1:1), T4: commercial antibiotic. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and conti-nued to Duncan\u27s multiple range test. The results showed that T2, T3, T4 treatments significantly improved (P < 0.05) BWG, FE and PI of broilers. Broilers fed T3 had the highest PI, followed by T4, T1, T2 and T0. Broilers fed T3 had the highest AT value followed by T0, T2, T4, and T1. Histopathology profile showed that broiler fed T3 had no lesion on liver and intestine compared to others. The result of this experiment indicated that additive containing 0.25% L. salivarius, 0.25% P. pentosaceus, and 0.5% G. lucidum was able to enhance broiler performance
Analysis of Regional Distribution Capacity and Priorities for Improving Beef Cattle Population in East Nusa Tenggara Province
Get PDFCattle farms resources in NTT are potential to be developed, but regency has not used it effectively. As a consequently, a huge disparity of beef cattle deployment between regencies occur. The objectives of the research were: a) to analyze the level of Capacity of Increasing Beef Cattle Population (CIBCP) in each regency, and b) to analyze the priorities of each regency for the development of beef cattle. Methods of the research used maximum potential of land resources (MPLR) and maximum potential of householder (MPNH) equation to analyze the effectiveness of CIBCP for regency. This analysis used to analyze the capacity and priorities. To formulate the beef cattle development policies, analysis of the ratio of the density of population and livestock are used. Conclusions: (a) NTT has a very large capacity to increase beef cattle to about 3.2 times that of the current population (based on land and labor resources), with the existing technology and management. Regency areas with large land resources and labor generally have a large CIBCP. On the other hand, regions with large land resources but small labor resource (or vice versa), have a small CIBCP (depending on the most limited resources), and (b) Scale of the priority regions are not only dominated by the largest number of cows. The number of households and the cultivated land has positive and powerful impacts (compared to pasture areas) to CIBCP effective
The Ability of Immunoglobulin Yolk Recognized the Antigen in the Tissue of Ascaridia galli
Get PDFAntigen-antibody reaction is an important tool for the analysis of localization of target molecules, including antigenic protein within worm tissues. The purpose of the present research was to demonstrate the ability of immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) anti-excretory/secretory recognized the antigen in the tissue of Ascaridia galli by mean of immunohistochemistry method. The excretory/secretory protein was procured from A. galli and concentrated by mean of vivaspin 30,000 MWCO. IgY was produced by egg yolks of immunized chickens with excretory/secretory, and purified using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) method. A. galli adult worms were cut in transversal and longitudinal section of the center and anterior region. Slides were incubated with both primary IgY for overnight at 4 oC and secondary antibody rabbit anti-chicken IgY HRP-conjugate for one hour at room temperature. The slides were stained with 3-amino, 9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) chromogen, counterstained with Lillie Mayer Haematoxylin, and mounted in glyserin aqueous mount. Antigen-antibody reaction was investigated under a microscope. The result showed that antigen was appeared in the tissues such as cuticle, epicuticle, buccal cavity, and eggs inside the uterine of A. galli. This research concluded that IgY stimulated by the excretory/secretory was able to recognized the antigen scattered in the tissues of A. galli so the IgY could be applied for immunodiagnostic