Journal of Biota
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Eksplorasi Jagung Lokal di Sulawesi Selatan dan Studi Pertumbuhannya di Kebun Penelitian Puslit Biologi, LIPI, Cibinong
Get PDFSebagian besar daerah di Indonesia memiliki kultivar jagung lokal. Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki kultivar jagung lokal yang disebut Jagung Pulut. Setiap kabupaten di provinsi ini memiliki satu atau dua kultivar jagung pulut yang telah beradaptasi baik dengan kondisi daerahnya. Cara budidaya jagung pulut antar lokasi berbeda-beda sehingga tidak cukup data untuk menyimpulkan kultivar jagung pulut terbaik untuk daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan keanekaragaman jagung pulut dari Sulawesi Selatan dan menggali informasi pertumbuhan dan produksi; kami juga menetapkan kultivar jagung pulut terbaik dari Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian untuk mendapatkan keanekaragaman jagung pulut dilakukan melalui survei pada beberapa lokasi di provinsi Sulawesi Selatan sedangkan penelitian pertumbuhan dilakukan di Kebun Penelitian Puslit Biologi, LIPI menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah terkoleksi 4 kultivar jagung pulut dari Sulawesi Selatan yaitu Kultivar Gowa, Pangkajene, Batarakamu dan Batarakoasa. Kultivar Batarakamu direkomendasikan untuk dikembangkan
Perilaku Makan Badak Sumatera di Suaka Rhino Sumatera, Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung
Get PDFResearch on the feeding behaviour, feeding plants and the way to access the plants has been conducted on Sumateran rhinos at and in collaboraton with Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, Way Kambas National Park, Lampung, by scanning and rapid assessment methods. Feeding activity is done during day time, especially in the morning (05.00-10.00) and in the afternoon (14.00-18.00). Plants consumed include saplings (42%), followed by trees (30%), seedlings (20%) and liana (8%). Cutting (86%) is the most common way to access the food sources, followed by pulling (9%), pushing by its head and holding in between front legs (4%) and twisting by its horn (1%)
Kinetika Adsorpsi Ion Besi (II) Oleh Biomassa Chaetoceros sp.
Get PDFThis research was done to study the adsorption kinetic of ferrous ionic by Chaetoceros sp. Many variables influenced the adsorption capacity of absorbent on ferrous ionic including interaction time, ferrous ionic concentration and pH. Two absorbens were used in this study i.e. pure culture and natural spoiled product called Diatomite/ Diatomae earth / Diatomaceous earth / Diatomooze of Chaetoceros sp. biomass. The adsorption capacity by biomass was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (AAS). The result showed that the adsorption process of two absorbents happened very fast. The time needed to get maximal adsorption were 10 and 15 minutes respectively. Adsorption pattern of two biomass can be interpreted by Langmuir and Freundlich isoterm showing monolayer. The adsorption capacity of Diatomite was five times higher than that of the pure culture biomass because it was influenced by surface group charge and wide surface area of porous. Acidity degree (pH) of solution determined surface active group charge and solubility of iron (II). The increased pH value, the biomass adsorption capacity was added because surface active group had negative charge. The adsorption of biomass was maximal around pH 5 while for pH higher than 5, it wasn’t significantly increased because the iron (II) formed insoluble hydroxide compound
Karakterisasi Genetik Anjing Kintamani Menggunakan Petanda Mikrosatelit
Get PDFKarakterisasi molekuler anjing Kintamani berperan penting dalam penentuan status trah dan mencegah penurunan kemurnian akibat perkawinan silang dengan trah anjing lain. Anjing Kintamani sangat popular di Bali. Anjing Kintamani dipercaya berasal dari Kintamani, Bangli, tetapi asal usulnya sampai kini belum jelas. Mikrosatelit merupakan runutan nukleotida terulang yang didistribusikan secara acak dalam gen vertebrata. Lokus mikrosatelit ini telah diketahui sangat polimorfik, karena keragaman jumlah nukleotida yang terulang. Mikrosatelit merupakan petanda allel utama yang dapat digunakan untuk pemetaan gen, genetika populasi dan identifikasi individu serta alat untuk mengungkap karakter genetik hewan. Pada penelitian ini diungkap karakteristik genetik anjing Kintamani menggunakan mikrosatelit. Jumlah dan ukuran allel pada 425 anjing Kintamani dianalisis menggunakan 116 macam primer mikrosatelit. DNA diisolasi dari sel hasil swab pipi. Amplifikasi 116 lokus mikrosatelit menggunakan PCR dalam 12 multiplek. Produk PCR dipisahkan dengan gel bis-akrilamid 6% dalam automated DNA sequencer. Flurosesnsi yang dihasilkan dideteksi dengan program Genescan 3.1, dan program Strand versi 2.2.39 digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah allel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah allel yang didapat adalah 1128. Jumlah allel perlokus berkisar antara 3 (AHT136) sampai 41 (FH2138). Rataan PIC adalah 0,68 dan semua lokus bersifat polimorfik
Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Protein of J-SU pGEX either by Single or Double Cell Lysis
Get PDFPenelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk optimasi produk protein rekombinan Superficial Unit dari virus Jembrana (JSU) yang dieksperikan melalui pemecahan sel secara tunggal dan ganda dengan sistem pGEX dalam skala flask 100ml media kultur. Dua metode pemecahan sel yang digunakan yaitu Freeze and Thaw (FT) sebagai pemecahan tunggal dan gabungan FT dan Sonikasi sebagai pemecahan ganda. Sel inang (E. Coli pembawa konstruk JSU pGEX) ditumbuhkan dengan induksi IPTG pada 37oC dengan pengocok berkecepatan 200rpm sampai mencapai kepadatan sel 0,8. Sel atau pelet dikoleksi dengan sentrifugasi, pelet dipecah dengan 2 perlakuan pemecahan sel tunggal dan ganda. Hasil pemecahan sel disentrifugasi untuk dikoleksi peletnya sebagai inclusion body. Solubilisasi dilakukan terhadap inclusion body dengan solubilisasi buffer dan diperoleh substrat protein JSU kemudian dimurnikan melalui Gluthation sepharose 4B (500μl resin) dengan metode batch capture. Hasil karakterisasi dengan SDS PAGE dan Western Blotting menunjukkan ukuran protein JSU pGEX yang tepat yaitu 60kDa pada kedua sistem pemecahan sel. Namun demikian, pemecahan sel secara tunggal menghasilkan protein murni JSU pGEX lebih besar (0.812ng/ul) dibanding pemecahan sel secara ganda (0.486ng/ul). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa protein rekombinan JSU pGEX terekspresi lebih baik dengan metode pemecahan sel Freeze and Thaw
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Nerium oleander L. terhadap Mortalitas dan Perkembangan Hama Spodoptera litura Fab.
Get PDFResearch was conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology, Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Center from June to July 2009. Tests were conducted on the larvae of Spodoptera litura second instar. Concentration of leaf extract of N. oleander used was 0; 2x105; 3x105; 4x105; and 5x105ppm. Treatment was done by spraying method in the spray chamber. Treatment was arranged in a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4-time repetition. Each repetition used 25 larvae. Observed parameters included the death for every 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; length, width, and weight of larvae after 96 hours after treatment. By 96 hours after treatment with the concentration of leaf extract 0; 2x105; 3x105; 4x105; and 5x105ppm it was capable of causing mortality S. litura, respectively for 0; 48.33; 53.33; 66.67%, dan 76.67%. By 96 hours after treatment extract concentration required to cause mortality S. litura was 25, 50, and 95% respectively of 2.35x105, 4.44x105, and 9.49x105ppm. After 96-hour treatment the concentration of leaf extract 0; 2x105; 3x105; 4x105; and 5x105ppm could cause the length, width, and weight of S. litura, respectively for 0.89 mm; 0.91 mm; 0.93 mm; 0.94 mm; 0.95 mm; 0.15 mm; 0.16 mm; 0.17 mm; 0.18 mm; 0.19 mm, 0.011 g; 0.012 gr; 0.013 g; 0.014 g and 0.016 gr. The use of N. oleander leaf extract caused mortality of S. litura between 13.33−76.67% at 24 to 96 hours after treatment. Leaf extract of N. oleander potentially caused mortality S. litura. The use of this leaf extract could also inhibit the length, width, and weight of larvae
Analisis Keanekaragaman Isolat Bacillus thuringiensis yang Patogenik terhadap Serangga Hama Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis) dengan Pendekatan Sistematika Numerik
Get PDFDiversity of B. thuringiensis (Bt.) isolates pathogenic to C. binotalis was determined by using Numerical Systematic Method. Ten isolates were taken to represent 34 pathogenic isolates along with two reference strains namely B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki and B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis. The test isolates were examined for 89 phenotypic characters by using convensional method for colonial and cell morphology (37 characters) as well as physiological characteristics (3 characters) but biochemical characterization (49 characters) was conducted by using commercial API-50 CHB procedures. All phenotypic characters existed in one of two mutually exclusive states and were either scored plus (1) of minus (0). The binary data were prepared in Programmer’s File Editor (PFE) software. The data then were analysed by using the Multi Variate statistical Package (MVSP) Plus-Version 3.1 using the Simple Matching Coefficient (SSM). Clustering was achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. The results were presented as dendrograms. It was obtained that the test isolates were clearly assigned to two distinct multimembered clusters defined by 79.6 similarity level (S-level) in the SSM, UPGMA analysis. The two distinct clusters represented by each of two widely known different group of Bt. strains, namely serovar israelensis and serovar kurstaki. The first cluster contained reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis, and two of the isolates (Slk2.3, and YPPA1) and the second cluster contained another reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki, and 8 of the isolates. Therefore, it strongly suggested that the application of numerical-fenetic analysis could provide a tool to unravel the strain diversity belong to B. thuringiensis
The Reproductive Patterns of Two South Australian Mytilid Species: Brachidontes erosus (Lamarck, 1819) and Brachidontes rostratus (Dunker, 1857).
Get PDFPola reproduksi dari dua jenis Kerang, Brachidontes erosus dan Brachidontes rostratus di perairan laut Port Lincoln, Australia Selatan, Australia ditentukan berdasarkan ukuran telur, pola settlement selama 18 bulan, dan juga aktivitas pemijahan di laboratorium. Gamet dari B. erosus nampak mulai berkembang pada bulan Februari dan mencapai puncak pada bulan September, sekaligus sebagai awal pemijahan, yang mencapai klimaks pada bulan November sampai bulan Januari. Jenis B. rostratus nampak memiliki dua puncak matang gonad, yang satu terjadi di bulan Juli dan puncak matang gonad kedua terjadi pada bulan November sampai Februari. Puncak pemijahan dari jenis ini berada di bulan Februari sampai dengan April. Kerang B. erosus memiliki ukuran diameter telur lebih besar dibandingkan dengan jenis kerang B. rostratus. Faktor-faktor seperti makanan, suhu perairan, karakter kerang dan kondisi perairan lainnya kemungkinan mempengaruhi pola reproduksi kedua jenis kerang ini
Tinjauan Pemanfaatan Ranggah Rusa dan Karapas Kura-kura Air Tawar Di Propinsi Papua
Get PDFIn Papua, rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) and freshwater turtles constitute the local people bush meat resources through hunting. These hunting activities are produced some by-products i.e. hard antlers from deer and carapace shells from freshwater turtles, where both have a high economic value. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of production of those by-products and the pathway of the local market being established. The study was conducted at Merauke Regency, Papua, and its vicinity by visiting the key players of all collectors and trade levels. The results showed that on almost all harvested bush meat came from freshwater turtles were cooked on the location, leaving only the carapace shells. Only small quantity of the bush meat was taken home or for trading purposes. However for deer, the majority of hunting activities was done on the purpose for the meat to be sold in the market and small quantity was used for personal needs. Trading on the by-products was conducted at three levels, they were local collectors, middle collectors and local exporter. In general, over 62% of hard antlers samples being observed were uncast hard antlers and 88% of the hard antlers came from the third growth onwards. In a year, at least 1.600-3.700 pairs of hard antlers were acquired, or equivalent to 2.8-6.6 tons. The freshwater turtles being identified were Macrochelodina parkeri, Chelodina reimanni, Macrochelodina rugosa, Elseya braderhorsti and Emydura subglobosa, in which none of the species is under Appendix CITES's list or as Indonesian protected species
Keragaman Jenis Opisthobranchia di Taman Laut 17 Pulau Riung, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Get PDFPenelitian inventarisasi jenis Opisthobranchia telah dilakukan untuk menunjang ekowisata di daerah Taman Laut 17 Pulau Riung. Taman laut ini terletak di kecamatan Riung, Kabupaten Ngada, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kawasan ini di sebelah barat dibatasi oleh kabupaten Manggarai dan disebelah timur oleh desa Nggolonio, di utara dibatasi dengan laut Flores dan di selatan oleh Desa Wangka, Alo Mamek, dan Ten Terong. Areanya meliputi lima buah desa yaitu desa Lengkosambi, Tadho, Benteng Tengah, Nangamese dan Sambinasi. Secara geografis terletak antara 8o20’30” – 8o28’30” LS hingga 90o55’30” – 90o09’00” BT. Luas daratan sekitar 5 ha dan terumbu karang seluas 7.500 ha (Anonim a dan b. 1993). Opisthobranchia amat disukai oleh penyelam dan penggemar fotografi bawah laut dari mancanegara, namun masih amat sedikit penelitiannya di Indonesi