Journal of Biota
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AI-Assisted NDVI Monitoring of Vegetation Change in Merapi National Park Using Google Earth Engine
No full textVegetation mapping is essential for monitoring conservation efforts in national parks and can be performed remotely using remote sensing and GIS technologies. However, the process is often complex and requires technical expertise. This study explores the use of AI, specifically ChatGPT, to simplify and support vegetation mapping workflows. We monitored monthly vegetation changes in Merapi Mountain National Park (TNGM) from 2017 to 2023 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Sentinel-2 satellite data. The workflow combined Google Earth Engine (GEE) for satellite image processing and Python in Jupyter Notebook for time series analysis, with ChatGPT assisting in code editing. Our results show NDVI patterns are significantly influenced by volcanic activity, particularly eruptions and pyroclastic clouds, and about one-third of images were affected by cloud cover, especially during the rainy season. ChatGPT performed well in non-coding queries with a 79% satisfaction rate, but only 53% of generated code prompts were correct without modification. We conclude that while AI tools like ChatGPT have strong potential to enhance accessibility and efficiency in remote vegetation mapping, human oversight and foundational knowledge in geospatial analysis remain essential for accurate results
Trichoderma-Based Biocontrol Strategies Against Fusarium Wilt: A Bibliometric Analysis and literature Review
No full textFusarium wilt is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases threatening global food security. For decades, its control has relied heavily on synthetic chemical fungicides; however, their extensive use has led to pathogen resistance, environmental degradation, and risks to human health. Trichoderma has been widely investigated as a potential biological control agent due to its diverse mechanisms of action. This study aims to map the global research landscape on the application of Trichoderma in controlling Fusarium wilt through bibliometric analysis and literature review. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database (2015–2025) using selected keywords and analyzed with VOSviewer and Biblioshiny to identify publication trends, author collaborations, institutions, countries, and keyword clusters. The results indicate a marked increase in publications since 2020, with major contributions originating from India, China, and Egypt. The evolution of keywords indicates a shift in research focus from basic mechanistic studies to practical field applications. The literature review confirms the effectiveness of Trichoderma in suppressing disease and enhancing the productivity of agricultural commodities, although challenges persist in formulation, variability, and regulatory frameworks. These findings provide an important scientific basis for guiding future research, strengthening international collaboration, and supporting sustainable agricultural strategies that utilize biological control agents
Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Solid Carrier Material in The Cultivation of Sweet Corn
No full textThe limited availability of fertile land is a strong reason to utilize marginal land. Marginal land has potential for agricultural development because it has relatively high total phosphorus, but this phosphorus is in a form that is not available to plants. The use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can be an alternative to change this form. The effectiveness of PSB activity in altering this form can be enhanced through carriers that are able to maintain their viability and activity in the soil. This study investigates the use of marginal land treated with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) incorporated with carrier materials to addressing the demand for sweet corn. PSB application followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) involving the treatments as follows: control (T0), 150 kg Super Phosphate-36 (SP-36) per hectare (T1), PSB B5(6) + shrimp shells + 75 kg SP-36 per hectare (T2), PSB B1(17) + shrimp shells + 75 kg SP-36 per hectare (T3), PSB B5(6) + husk charcoal + 75 kg SP-36 per hectare (T4) and PSB B1(17) + husk charcoal + 75 kg SP-36 per hectare (T5). The results yield the optimum outcome associated with T2 by plant height (±70.25 cm), number of leaves (±8.97 pieces) and roots (±41 cm), root length (±31.10 cm) and volume (±14.05 ml), plant fresh (±53.72 gr) and dry weight (±28.01 gr), cob weight with husk (± 23.68) and without husk (±14.67 gr), cob length with husk (±12.88 cm) and without husk (±7.38 cm), cob diameter with husk (±22.76 cm) and without husk (±16.67 cm). T2 can reduce the use of inorganic phosphorus fertilizer up to 50% and increase production by approximately 7 times better than control
QTL Analysis in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): A Review
No full textSorghum is a Gramineae crop with two sets of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 20). Sorghum has a euchromatin and heterochromatin size of about 252 Mbp and 460 Mbp, respectively. QTL analysis determines the region in the genome that controls a quantitative character phenotype. The methods of analysis include SMA, SIM, CIM, and MQM. Genotyping generally uses molecular markers with a high polymorphism, such as RFLP, AFLP, SSR, SNP, and DArT. QTL analysis has been conducted on sorghum crops for various purposes and traits. The analyzed agronomic traits were plant height, days to flowering, 1000 grain weight, and seed length. The grain quality, including mineral content (Fe and Zn), starch, fat, fibre, protein, and carotenoid content, can be analyzed. Disease resistance that can be analyzed is resistance to leaf spot and anthracnose. Several QTLs were co-localized between traits and between populations. The data that has been obtained can be used for the preparation of the QTL consensus
Exploration Of Potential Endophytic Fungi From Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) As An Antibacterial Agent
No full textThis study investigates the endophytic fungi found in ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri T et. B), a plant valued by the Kalimantan community for its medicinal uses, especially in treating rheumatism and diabetes. The main goal was to identify these fungi and evaluate their potential antibacterial properties. Samples of ironwood, including leaves and roots, were collected from the CV Nursery at Nusantara Asri, Cempaka Baru, Gunung Kupang, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, with coordinates -3.4892255, 114.8907642, 723. Using a series of steps—such as sterilizing samples, isolating fungi, conducting secondary metabolic fermentation, and testing for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli—11 fungal isolates were successfully obtained from the plant's roots, leaves, and seeds. Five isolates were chosen for further study based on their growth rates, representing various genera including Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., and Hyphomycetes sp. Although the antimicrobial tests revealed that none of these isolates inhibited the bacteria, the results offer valuable insights into the interactions between these fungi and the bacterial strains tested
Analisis Epidemiologis dan Faktor Determinan Ektoparasit pada Benih Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Kabupaten Sorong
No full textKabupaten Sorong memiliki potensi besar dalam budidaya ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus), namun masih menghadapi permasalahan penyakit akibat ektoparasit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis ektoparasit serta menganalisis prevalensi, intensitas, dan dominasinya pada benih ikan nila. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel acak terhadap 60 ekor benih ikan berukuran 4 – 6 cm dari tiga lokasi pembenihan, yaitu Aimas, Mayamuk, dan Salawati. Pemeriksaan ektoparasit dilakukan pada organ insang, permukaan tubuh, dan sirip ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tiga jenis ektoparasit, yaitu Trichodina sp., Cichlidogyrus sp., dan Oodinium sp. Prevalensi tertinggi Trichodina sp. mencapai 100% di Mayamuk dan Salawati, sedangkan Cichlidogyrus sp. mencapai 100% di Aimas dan Mayamuk. Oodinium sp. hanya ditemukan di Aimas dan Mayamuk dengan prevalensi rendah (5%). Intensitas tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh Trichodina sp. di Mayamuk (218 ind/ekor), sementara dominasi tertinggi Cichlidogyrus sp. terdapat di Aimas (65,38%). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar dalam penerapan manajemen kesehatan ikan dan pengendalian ektoparasit guna mendukung keberhasilan kegiatan pembenihan ikan nila di Kabupaten Sorong
Dekolorisasi Reactive Red oleh Konsorsium Bacillus velezensis IBLTT_1 dan Bacillus cereus IBLTT_5
No full textPerkembangan industri tekstil di Indonesia telah berkontribusi pada polusi lingkungan, yaitu melalui pembuangan air limbah yang mengandung pewarna. Diperkirakan sekitar 10-15% pewarna tekstil yang digunakan dalam proses pewarnaan dilepaskan ke dalamke dalam air bilasan dan selanjutnya dibuang ke lingkungan perairan. Air limbah yang mengandung pewarna tekstil harus diolah karena dapat mencemari lingkungan. Reactive Red merupakan salah satu pewarna azo yang banyak digunakan dalam industri tekstil. Salah satu pendekatan untuk mengoptimalkan proses degradasi pewarna azo adalah dengan memutus ikatan azo menggunakan kultur campuran bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi kultur tunggal dan campuran isolat Bacillus velezensis IBLTT_1 dan Bacillus cereus IBLTT_5 dalam mendekolorisasi Reactive Red. Kedua isolat bakteri tersebut diinokulasi secara tunggal dan campur ke dalam media yang mengandung Reactive Red dengan empat perlakuan konsentrasi inokula yaitu 0%, 2%, 4%, dan 8% dari volume kerja. Dekolorisasi tertinggi (76,80%) ditemukan pada kultur campuran dengan konsentrasi 8%, dimana kedua spesies bakteri ditambahkan dalam perbandingan 1:1. Dekolorisasi yang signifikan pada kultur campuran kemungkinan disebabkan oleh aksi sinergis antara dua spesies bakteri yang diinokulasikan secara bersamaan
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Selulolitik dari Hutan Mangrove Bengkalis, Riau: Potensi Sebagai Agen Biofertilizer
No full textHutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang kaya akan bahan organik dan mendukung pertumbuhan mikroorganisme penghasil enzim selulase. Salah satu kelompok mikroorganisme penting di lingkungan ini adalah bakteri selulolitik yang mampu mendegradasi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik dari sedimen dan rizosfer tanaman alami mangrove di Desa Kelapapati, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengambilan sampel sedimen dan rizosfer, isolasi bakteri menggunakan medium Cellulose Congo Red Agar (CCRA), uji aktivitas selulolitik berdasarkan zona bening yang terbentuk di sekeliling koloni, dan karakterisasi makroskopis dan mikroskopis terhadap isolat yang menunjukkan aktivitas selulolitik. Sebanyak 36 isolat berhasil diisolasi, terdiri atas 21 isolat asal rizosfer dan 15 isolat asal sedimen. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 20 isolat konfirmasi membentuk zona bening dengan indeks selulolitik pada kategori tinggi sebanyak 13 isolat, kategori sedang sebanyak empat isolat, dan kategori rendah sebanyak tiga isolat. Isolat MAT 1.1 menunjukkan indeks selulolitik tertinggi mencapai 10,8±0,6 dan potensial sebagai agen biofertilizer. Sebagian besar isolat tergolong bakteri Gram negatif berbentuk bacil dan streptobacil. Lingkungan mangrove dengan pH 6, suhu rata-rata 30°C, dan salinitas 12,67 dS/m mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri selulolitik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove Desa Kelapapati, Bengkalis, Riau merupakan sumber potensial bakteri selulolitik yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai agen biofertilizer
Perubahan Histologi Otak Mencit (Mus musculus) Akibat Efek Neurotoksik Paparan Subletal Insektisida Organofosfat Klorpirifos
No full textkarena efektivitasnya tinggi terhadap hama, namun bersifat neurotoksik yang bekerja dengan menghambat enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE) menyebabkan penumpukan asetilkolin, peningkatan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), dan stres oksidatif, akibatnya kematian sel dan berujung pada kerusakan neuron dan sel glial di otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perubahan histologis otak mencit (Mus musculus) akibat paparan subletal insektisida organofosfat klorpirifos. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain true experimental laboratories post-test only control group dengan 27 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol, paparan 7 hari, dan 14 hari. Klorpirifos dosis 12 mg/kgBB/hari diberikan secara oral. Setelah perlakuan, dilakukan nekropsi dan pengambilan otak mencit. Pengamatan histologi cerebrum, cerebellum, dan batang otak dilakukan dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif dan uji One-Way Anova serta uji lanjutan Tukey HSD. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan jumlah neuron dan neuroglia nekrosis (p=0.000; p<0,05) disertai gambaran inti piknotik, vakuolisasi sitoplasma, kromatolisis dan hipereosinofik. Gejala tremor dan ataksia tampak nyata dan terdapat penurunan berat badan antar kelompok (p=0,046) terutama pada paparan minggu pertama. Simpulannya paparan subletal klorpirifos menimbulkan kerusakan histologis otak yang berdampak terhadap sistem motorik dan status metabolik mencit (Mus musculus)
The Role of Chloroplast DNA Markers (psbA) in Maintaining the Position of Lemnoideae
Full text linkThe duckweed plant group belongs to the botanical family Araceae and has the potential as a food source. It is difficult to classify and the plants were originally grouped as the Lemnaceae family. However, current molecular taxonomy studies revealed the integration of Lemnaceae into the Araceae family, thus becoming the Lemnoideae subfamily. It is necessary to strengthen the position of Lemnoideae in Araceae using molecular marker psbA from chloroplast DNA This study aimed to determine the role of the psbA chloroplast DNA marker in regulating the position of Lemnoideae. A total of 41 sequences of the psbA gene taken from the species from seven subfamilies in Araceae and one outgroup were collected from the NCBI GenBank and then arranged in FASTA format. Sequence data was then aligned by ClustalX, and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using PAUP and MEGA. From the resulting phylogenetic trees, it can be conferred that the Lemnoideae subfamily does not form a monophyletic group. Thereby, this in silico study using psbA markers concludes the position ofthe Lemnoideae subfamily in the family Araceae and we recommend not separating the plant group from the family Araceae