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Design Thinking in der öffentlichen Verwaltung – eine Fallstudie in einer Landesbehörde
Get PDFÄußere Einflüsse wie beispielsweise die Digitalisierung oder der demografische Wandel durchziehen alle Bereiche des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens. Der Konfrontation mit diesen Herausforderungen kann sich auch die öffentliche Verwaltung durch die Verzahnung mit Politik und Gesellschaft nicht entziehen. Eine Methode, um komplexen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, ist Design Thinking. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Potenziale der Einsatz der Methodik im Kontext der öffentlichen Verwaltung bietet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Design-Thinking-Methode in der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu untersuchen. Dazu wird im Rahmen einer Fallstudienanalyse ein Design-Thinking-Workshop durchgeführt. Durch Auswertung des Workshops sowie mithilfe einer SWOT-Analyse werden die Potenziale abgeleitet. Im Ergebnis können komplexe Herausforderungen mit Design Thinking bewältigt werden. Es zeigt sich eine grundsätzliche Offenheit gegenüber der neuen Methodik. Design Thinking wird als eine ganzheitliche Herangehensweise beschrieben. Der Einstieg in die Methodik ist dabei niederschwellig. Dabei gehen die Potenziale über die Abgeleiteten hinaus. Der Austausch von Wissen innerhalb des interdisziplinären Teams hat beispielsweise weitreichendere Effekte. Um die Potenziale bestmöglich nutzen zu können, bedarf es Übung und Erfahrung. Darüber hinaus sollte eine Betrachtung der Potenziale im Rahmen der vollen Potenzialentfaltung mit dem Feststellen von Schwächen und Risiken einhergehen. Die Anwendung von Design Thinking ist stets kontextabhängig.External influences such as digitalization or demographic change permeate all areas of social coexistence. Even public administration cannot escape the confrontation with these challenges due to the interlocking with politics and society. One method for meeting complex challenges is Design Thinking. The question arises, which potentials the application of the methodology offers in the context of public administration. The aim of this thesis is to examine the Design Thinking method in this context. Within the scope of a case study analysis, a Design Thinking workshop was conducted. By evaluating the workshop and with the help of a SWOT analysis, the potentials are derived. As a result, complex challenges can be solved with Design Thinking. A fundamental openness towards the new methodology was shown. Design Thinking is described as a holistic approach. The entry into the methodology can be described as lowthreshold. At the same time, the potentials go beyond the derived. For example, the exchange of knowledge within the interdisciplinary team has more far-reaching effects. In order to use the potentials in the best possible way, practice and experience are required. In addition, a consideration of potentials in the context of full potential development should be accompanied by the identification of weaknesses and risks. The application of Design Thinking is always context-dependent
Prozessoptimierung in der Notfallversorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten unter der Nutzung einer Kommunikationsapplikation im Rahmen des Projektes „Die innere Uhr (INU)“ im Programm DigiStrucMed
Get PDFHintergrund: Im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung kann der Einsatz von mobilen Apps helfen, Prozesse zu digitalisieren und bietet neue Möglichkeiten der Prozessgestaltung. Auch im Rahmen der Gesundheitsversorgung werden Apps mit dem Ziel eingesetzt Prozesse effizienter zu gestalten. Die Versorgung akuter Schlaganfälle ist ein besonders zeitkritischer Prozess, indem sich jede Minute, um die der Behandlungsprozess verkürzt wird, positiv auf das Behandlungsergebnis auswirken kann. Durch die Aktivitäten innerhalb des Versorgungsprozesses, die durch unterschiedliche Berufsgruppen verschiedener Fachabteilungen erfolgen, kann insbesondere die Kommunikation und Dokumentation während der Versorgung Herausforderungen mit sich bringen. Daher ist es wichtig den Gesamtprozess der Schlaganfallversorgung regelmäßig zu evaluieren um Optimierungspotenziale im Versorgungsprozess aufzudecken und zu nutzen.
Methoden: In dieser Masterarbeit wurde der Schlaganfallversorgungsprozess in der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) analysiert und ein Migrationsplan für die Implementierung der App Join der Firma Allm Inc. entwickelt, um dadurch eine Prozesstransformation zu erreichen, welche es ermöglichen soll Zeit in der Schlaganfallakutversorgung einzusparen. Übergeordnet soll die Prozesstransformation zu einem Zeitgewinn führen und dadurch die Versorgungsqualität gesteigert werden. Die App Join ermöglicht unter anderem die Kommunikation über einen Messenger-Dienst in Gruppenchats, wodurch ein Informationsaustausch mit allen am Behandlungsprozess Beteiligten gleichzeitig möglich ist. Zusätzlich können in Join qualitätsrelevante Merkmale der Schlaganfallversorgung elektronisch erfasst werden.
Ergebnisse: Mit der Einführung von Join konnte eine Prozesstransformation der Schlaganfallakutversorgung in der MHH geschaffen werden. Mit dem Instrument der Kommunikation in Gruppen-Chats in Join wurde eine Kommunikationsplattform geschaffen, die es ermöglicht, dass alle am Behandlungsprozess Beteiligten zu jedem Zeitpunkt gleichermaßen informiert werden können. Zusätzlich konnte die papierbasierte neurologisch-neuroradiologische Dokumentation in der MHH mit dem Join-Einsatz vollständig digitalisiert werden, sodass eine unmittelbare elektronische Verfügbarkeit der Daten für alle am Behandlungsprozess Beteiligten gegeben ist. Über die Entwicklung von Schnittstellen zwischen dem Krankenhausinformationssystem (KIS) der MHH und Join konnte Funktions- und Datenintegration zwischen den Systemen erreicht werden und dadurch der Join-Einsatz MHH-individuell optimiert werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Einführung der Join-App stellt eine mobile Kommunikations- und Dokumentationsunterstützung während der Krankenversorgung dar, welche im Pilotprojekt „Die Innere Uhr“ exemplarisch für den Einsatz weiterer unterstützender Apps im Klinikalltag angesehen werden kann.Background and Purpose: In the age of digitalization, the use of mobile apps can help to digitalize processes and offer new opportunities for process design. Apps are also used in healthcare with the intention of making processes more efficient. The care of acute strokes is a particularly time-critical process in which every minute by which the treatment process is shortened can have a positive effect on the medical outcome. Due to the activities within the care process, which are carried out by different professional groups of different departments, especially the communication and documentation during this process can lead to difficulties. In order to identify potential areas of optimization for shorting time in the workflow of the medical care of acute strokes, it is necessary to evaluate the whole process of care.
Methods: In this master thesis, the communication and documentation processes during the medical care of acute strokes at Hannover Medical School (MHH) was analyzed. An implementation plan for the rollout of the app Join from the company Allm Inc. has been developed to transform the process to shorten time in medical care of acute strokes at the MHH. The app Join is a communication app with a messaging service which allows communication via messaging in groups to exchange information with all those involved in the treatment process. The app also enables the documentation of attributes of care, such as time stamps of specific process times.
Results: The introduction of Join transformed the process of the care of acute strokes at the MHH. With the instrument of communication in group chats in Join, a communication platform was created that makes it possible for everyone involved in the treatment process to be equally informed at all times. In addition, the paper-based neurological-neuroradiological documentation at the MHH could be completely digitized with the Join deployment, so that there is immediate electronic availability of the data for all those involved in the treatment process. By developing interfaces between the MHH's hospital information system (HIS) and Join, it was possible to achieve functional and data integration between the systems, thus optimizing the use of the app specific to the MHH.
Conclusion: The introduction of Join provides mobile communication and documentation support during patient care, which can be seen as exemplary for the use of further supporting apps in everyday hospital life in the pilot project "The Inner Clock"
GraFLAP - LMS-unabhängige Bewertung von JFLAP-Aufgaben
Get PDFBisher wurde die automatisierte Bewertung von Übungsaufgaben in LON-CAPA angeboten und mit mehreren Werkzeugen umgesetzt, darunter der JFLAP-Wrapper, der die Grundlage dieser Arbeit bildet. Daraus soll ein vollständiges eigenstehendes Programm erarbeitet werden, dass auch an andere Lernmanagementsysteme angebunden werden kann. Dabei erhält es den neuen Namen GraFLAP. Dazu wurden die Bewertungsprozesse im JFLAP-Wrapper zusammen gelegt und eine neue Schnittstelle nach ProFormA-2.1-Standard ergänzt. Außerdem sollte die Wartbarkeit verbessert werden, sodass zukünftige weiterführende Arbeiten erleichtert werden. Dazu wurden neue Datenstrukturen und Prozesse integriert, unter anderem ein einheitlicher Build-Prozess mit Maven und automatisierte Tests mit JUnit. GraFLAP bietet nun eine standardisierte Schnittstelle, übernimmt alle Bewertungsprozesse und ist so nun vollständig unabhängig von Lernmanagementsystemen
The Podcast “Digitization of Medicine” as a Form of Science Communication
Get PDFThe aim of the podcast Digitization of Medicine is to interest a broader audience and, in particular, young women, in research and work in the field of medical informatics. This article presents the usage figures and discusses their significance for further research on the success of science communication. By 24/02/2022, a total of 24,351 downloads had been made. There were slightly more female than male listeners, and they tended to be younger. Despite the importance podcast are gaining for science communication, little is known about the respective user group and further research is needed. In this context, this paper aims to help make the effectiveness of podcasts comparable
Collaborative annotation and semantic enrichment of 3D media: a FOSS toolchain
Get PDFA new FOSS (free and open source software) toolchain and associated workflow is being developed in the context of NFDI4Culture, a German consortium of research- and cultural heritage institutions working towards a shared infrastructure for research data that meets the needs of 21st century data creators, maintainers and end users across the broad spectrum of the digital libraries and archives field, and the digital humanities. This short paper and demo present how the integrated toolchain connects: 1) OpenRefine - for data reconciliation and batch upload; 2) Wikibase - for linked open data (LOD) storage; and 3) Kompakkt - for rendering and annotating 3D models. The presentation is aimed at librarians, digital curators and data managers interested in learning how to manage research datasets containing 3D media, and how to make them available within an open data environment with 3D-rendering and collaborative annotation features
Towards the Implementation of Workflows in a Microservices Architecture for Insurance Companies - The Coexistence of Orchestration and Choreography
Get PDFTo avoid the shortcomings of traditional monolithic applications, the Microservices Architecture (MSA) style plays an increasingly important role in providing business services. This is true even for the more conventional insurance industry with its highly heterogeneous application landscape and sophisticated cross-domain business processes. Therefore, the question arises of how workflows can be implemented to grant the required flexibility and agility and, on the other hand, to exploit the potential of the MSA style. In this article, we present two different approaches – orchestration and choreography. Using an application scenario from the insurance domain, both concepts are discussed. We introduce a pattern that outlines the mapping of a workflow to a choreography
Dynamic 18F-FET PET/CT to differentiate recurrent primary brain tumor and brain metastases from radiation necrosis after single-session robotic radiosurgery
Get PDFObjective
Cyberknife robotic radiosurgery (RRS) provides single-session high-dose radiotherapy of brain tumors with a steep dose gradient and precise real-time image-guided motion correction. Although RRS appears to cause more radiation necrosis (RN), the radiometabolic changes after RRS have not been fully clarified. 18F-FET-PET/CT is used to differentiate recurrent tumor (RT) from RN after radiosurgery when MRI findings are indecisive. We explored the usefulness of dynamic parameters derived from 18F-FET PET in differentiating RT from RN after Cyberknife treatment in a single-center study population.
Methods
We retrospectively identified brain tumor patients with static and dynamic 18F-FET-PET/CT for suspected RN after Cyberknife. Static (tumor-to-background ratio) and dynamic PET parameters (time-activity curve, time-to-peak) were quantified. Analyses were performed for all lesions taken together (TOTAL) and for brain metastases only (METS). Diagnostic accuracy of PET parameters (using mean tumor-to-background ratio >1.95 and time-to-peak of 20 min for RT as cut-offs) and their respective improvement of diagnostic probability were analyzed.
Results
Fourteen patients with 28 brain tumors were included in quantitative analysis. Time-activity curves alone provided the highest sensitivities (TOTAL: 95%, METS: 100%) at the cost of specificity (TOTAL: 50%, METS: 57%). Combined mean tumor-to-background ratio and time-activity curve had the highest specificities (TOTAL: 63%, METS: 71%) and led to the highest increase in diagnosis probability of up to 16% p. – versus 5% p. when only static parameters were used.
Conclusions
This preliminary study shows that combined dynamic and static 18F-FET PET/CT parameters can be used in differentiating RT from RN after RRS
How a 4-Day Work Week and Remote Work Affect Agile Software Development Teams
Get PDFContext: Agile software development (ASD) sets social aspects like communication and collaboration in focus. Thus, one may assume that the specific work organization of companies impacts the work of ASD teams. A major change in work organization is the switch to a 4-day work week, which some companies investigated in experiments. Also, recent studies show that ASD teams are affected by the switch to remote work since the Covid 19 pandemic outbreak in 2020.
Objective: Our study presents empirical findings on the effects on ASD teams operating remote in a 4-day work week organization. Method: We performed a qualitative single case study and conducted seven semi-structured interviews, observed 14 agile practices and screened eight project documents and protocols of agile practices.
Results: We found, that the teams adapted the agile method in use due to the change to a 4-day work week environment and the switch to remote work. The productivity of the two ASD teams did not decrease. Although the stress level of the ASD team member increased due to the 4-day work week, we found that the job satisfaction of the individual ASD team members is affected positively. Finally, we point to affects on social facets of the ASD teams.
Conclusion: The research community benefits from our results as the current state of research dealing with the effects of a 4-day work week on ASD teams is limited. Also, our findings provide several practical implications for ASD teams working remote in a 4-day work week
Hat der Poynting-Vektor auch im statischen Fall eine physikalische Bedeutung?
Get PDFLeserbrief von Prof. Dr. Hartmut Grabinski, Prof. Dr. Erhart Kunze und Prof. Dr. Fred Wiznerowicz. Antwort auf den Leserbrief von Prof. Dr. Martin Poppe (erschienen im ETG journal 01/2022)
Visual Delegate Generalization Frame – Evaluating Impact of Visual Efects and Elements on Player and User Experiences in Video Games and Interactive Virtual Environments
Get PDFVisual effects and elements in video games and interactive virtual environments can be applied to transfer (or delegate) non-visual perceptions (e.g. proprioception, presence, pain) to players and users, thus increasing perceptual diversity via the visual modality. Such elements or efects are referred to as visual delegates (VDs). Current fndings on the experiences that VDs can elicit relate to specifc VDs, not to VDs in general. Deductive and comprehensive VD evaluation frameworks are lacking. We analyzed VDs in video games to generalize VDs in terms of their visual properties. We conducted a systematic paper analysis to explore player and user experiences observed in association with specifc VDs in user studies. We conducted semi-structured interviews with expert players to determine their preferences and the impact of VD properties. The resulting VD framework (VD-frame) contributes to a more strategic approach to identifying the impact of VDs on player and user experiences