1654 research outputs found
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Aufgaben, Typen und Träger von Bibliotheken : Wandel, Vielfalt und Kooperation
Get PDFEinführender Überblick zu den Strukturen und Rahmenbedingungen des deutschen Bibliothekswesens und den zentralen Aufgaben von Bibliotheken. Besondere Beachtung finden hierbei die unterschiedlichen Aufgaben der verschiedenen Bibliothekstypen und die Bedeutung der Trägereinrichtungen für die kooperative Arbeit mit anderen Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen
Generative AI is not Magic
Get PDFAlthough the capabilities of large language models are astonishing and exceed the expectations most researchers had about the potential of language modeling, these models are not complete black boxes, and the principles of how these systems work are not too difficult to understand. We show what theories, methods and skills can contribute to a basic understanding of large language models and how these can fit into a curriculum for students with and without a strong background in mathematics and computer science
Prevalence of Contagious Mastitis Pathogens in Bulk Tank Milk from Dairy Farms in Lower Saxony, Germany
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Streptococcus (Sc.) agalactiae, Prototheca spp., Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus as well as Myco-plasmopsis (M.) spp. and M. bovis in bulk tank milk (BTM) on dairy farms in Lower Saxony, Germany. BTM samples were collected in January 2023 from 208 selected dairy farms. The samples were quantitatively culturally analyzed for S. aureus and Prototheca spp. Presumptive S. aureus colonies were further confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Presumptive Prototheca spp. colonies were confirmed by light microscopy. Sc. agalactiae and Mycoplasmopsis spp. were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). Sc. agalactiae was detected in two herds (1% (Confidence Interval 95% (CI) 0.3–3.4)). S. aureus was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) in 38 herds (18.3% (CI 13.6–24.1)), assuming a threshold of >10 cfu/mL milk. A total of 154 isolates identified as S. aureus by MALDI-TOF were transferred to agar with added oxacillin for resistance testing, of which 19 isolates (12.3% (CI 8–18.5)) showed growth. The 19 isolates came from eight different farms (3.8% (2–7.4)). Prototheca spp. were identified in 13 herds (6.3% (CI 3.7–10.4)). Mycoplasmopsis spp. were detected by PCR in 18 herds (8.7% (CI 5.5–13.3)). Of these, M. bovis was present in three herds (1.4% (0.5–4.2)). The herd prevalence of Sc. agalactiae in BTM appears to be at low levels in the sampled area. The prevalence of Mycoplasmopsis spp. in the herds was higher than expected compared to previous studies. It is interesting to note that the percentage of M. bovis in the total Mycoplasmopsis spp. was only 16.7%
Treatment of clinically severe bovine mastitis - a scoping review
Get PDFMastitis is a major health problem for bovines and can be categorized as non-severe or severe, based on clinical symptoms. A severe case of clinical mastitis is usually defined by the cow being affected systemically. It is important to consider how to handle severe cases because these cases can be fatal and cause high production losses. However, there are generally few detailed treatment guidelines. By conducting a scoping review on the topic, we aimed to synthesize the information that is available on treatment and outcomes, as reported from clinical trials and observational studies. This was facilitated by following the PRISMA-guidelines with a stepwise systematic screening of scientific literature on the subject, retrieved via Pubmed and Web of Science, using pre-defined selection criteria. The results yielded a total of 14 reports of treatment and outcomes in cases of naturally occurring severe clinical mastitis. Cross-trial comparison was difficult due to the different exclusion criteria and outcome definitions. Many studies focused on cases caused by gram-negative bacteria treated with intensive antibiotic protocols, often containing antibiotics that are categorized as critical for human health. Few focused on severe cases caused by gram-positive bacteria or on the relative use of non-antibiotic treatment. In general, only a small number of statistically significant differences were found in trials comparing different treatment protocols, with no obvious trends across trials. Our findings emphasize the need for more research into the treatment efficacy of antibiotic and non-antibiotic options for clinically severe mastitis. Furthermore, consideration of how trial conditions relate to the practical circumstances in a field setting could improve the applicability of reported results. This could help to provide practitioners with the information needed to make evidence-based treatment decisions in cases of clinically severe mastitis
#GesellschaftBilden im Digitalzeitalter – institutionsübergreifende Forschungsentwicklung zur Digitalisierung in der Sozialen Arbeit
Get PDFIm Rahmen des durch den Innovationsfonds der Fachhochschule Potsdam geförderten Projekts „#GesellschaftBilden im Digitalzeitalter. Perspektiven der Sozialen Arbeit auf technologische Herausforderungen“ gründeten vier Forschungsinstitutionen das Digitalisierungsforschungsnetzwerk Nordost. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Aktivitäten des Projekts und der Pilotphase des Netzwerks von Oktober 2023 bis September 2024. Dabei werden die unterschiedlichen Projektbausteine beleuchtet, die den Diskurs um Technisierung, Digitalisierung und Mediatisierung in der Sozialen Arbeit voranbringen und eine hochschulübergreifende Kooperation zu Digitalisierungsthemen fördern sollten
How can I help you? : Gestaltung von Anwendungs- und Interaktionsszenarien für soziale Roboter in der Sozialen Arbeit
Get PDFDie Digitalisierung verändert zunehmend die Lebenswelt und berufliche Praxis – auch in der Sozialen Arbeit. Im Vergleich zu naturwissenschaftlichen und technischen Disziplinen besteht hier jedoch ein deutlicher Nachholbedarf. Obwohl die Covid-19-Pandemie der Sozialen Arbeit einen Digitalisierungsschub verliehen hat, sind digitale Themen bislang kaum systematisch im Studium verankert. Insbesondere neuere Technologien wie Künstliche Intelligenz, Virtual Reality und soziale Robotik finden nur vereinzelt Eingang in die Lehre. Studierende werden dadurch nur unzureichend auf die technologische Entwicklung vorbereitet, zumal viele von ihnen zunächst keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Sozialer Arbeit und Digitalisierung erkennen.
Um Studierende für diese Themen zu sensibilisieren, sind praxisorientierte Formate besonders geeignet. Workshops und robotikbezogene Projektseminare bieten die Möglichkeit, auch technikferne Personen für digitale Innovationen zu begeistern. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist ein Projektseminar an der Katholischen Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, bei dem Studierende eigene robotische Interaktionsszenarien entwickelten und mit grafischer Programmierung umsetzten. Ziel solcher Lehrformate ist es, ein Bewusstsein für den möglichen Einsatz sozialer Roboter in der Sozialen Arbeit zu schaffen und so die Profession zukunftsfähig zu machen
Wie real dürfen virtuelle Influencer sein? : Eine empirische Untersuchung des Potenzials menschenähnlicher und comicähnlicher virtueller Influencer für die Glaubwürdigkeitskommunikation von Unternehmen
Get PDFDiese Bachelorarbeit untersucht anhand einer empirischen Studie das Potenzial virtueller Influencer (VIs) in der Unternehmenskommunikation, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Glaubwürdigkeit. Ziel ist es, zu analysieren, wie menschenähnliche (z.B. Lil Miquela) und comicähnliche VIs (z.B. Noonoouri) auf Social Media wahrgenommen werden und welche Rolle ihre visuelle Darstellung für die Glaubwürdigkeitskommunikation spielt.
Basierend auf theoretischen Grundlagen zur Glaubwürdigkeit und einer empirischen Online-Befragung wird ein Bewertungsmodell entwickelt, das die Faktoren Vertrauenswürdigkeit, Authentizität, Ähnlichkeit, Attraktivität, Dynamik und vermittelte Realität einbezieht.
Die Arbeit zeigt, dass VIs sowohl Chancen als auch Herausforderungen für die Glaubwürdigkeit bieten und liefert wertvolle Implikationen für den strategischen Einsatz von VIs in der Unternehmenskommunikation
Requirements for User Experience Management - A Tertiary Study
Get PDFToday’s users expect to be able to interact with the products they own without much effort and also want to be excited about them. The development of a positive user experience must therefore be managed. We understand management in general as a combination of a goal, a strategy, and resources. When applied to UX, user experience management consists of a UX goal, a UX strategy, and UX resources. We conducted a tertiary study and examined the current state of existing literature regarding possible requirements. We want to figure out, what requirements can be derived from the literature reviews with the focus on UX and agile development. In total, we were able to identify and analyse 16 studies. After analysing the studies in detail, we identified different requirements for UX management. In summary, we identified 13 requirements. The most frequently mentioned requirements were prototypes and UX/usability evaluation. Communication between UX professionals and developers was identified as a major improvement in the software development process. In summary, we were able to identify requirements for UX management of People/Social, Technology/Artifacts, and Process/Practice. However, we could not identify requirements for UX management that enabled the development and achievement of a UX goal
Steps and Challenges in Analyzing Real Sensor Data from a Productive Press Shop and its Value for Predictive Maintenance Application
Get PDFThis paper highlights the significance of AI-powered maintenance strategies in modern industry for operational optimization and reduced downtime. It emphasizes the crucial role of sensor data analysis in identifying anomalies and predicting failures. The research specifically examines sensor data from an automotive press shop, addressing questions related to data selection, collection challenges, and knowledge generation. By utilizing unsupervised learning on compressed air data from a press line, the study identifies patterns, anomalies, and correlations. The results offer insights into the potential for implementing an effective predictive maintenance strategy. Additionally, a systematic literature review underscores the importance of data analysis in production systems, particularly in the context of maintenance
Identifying Problem Types in Automated Question Generation
Get PDFAutomated question generation holds great promise in many fields, such as education, to reduce the workload and automate an otherwise tedious task. However, major challenges remain regarding the quality of generated questions. To identify and address these challenges generated questions are evaluated either automatically or manually. While several automated metrics, mostly based on the comparison with a gold standard, exist, their usefulness is limited and human evaluation is often used for more accurate assessment. Our research generates questions using several models and methods, including fine-tuning, zero-shot and few-shot. We compare model performance by classifying the generated questions using a multi-label approach. This approach evaluates by sorting generated questions into zero or more binary problem classes and attempting to identify different problems with the generated questions. Our results show that different models tend to generate questions that fit into different problem classes. Additionally, the problem classification evaluation is capable of recognizing these differences and weighing the classes for the models accordingly, creating model-specific distribution characteristics