JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURES, MATERIALS AND ENERGY
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Bioenergy Industry Management Challenges and Opportunities in the Energy Transition Era
Full text linkThe era of global energy transition has positioned bioenergy as a critical component in diversifying renewable energy sources. This study aims to analyze the implementation of bioenergy industry management in the context of energy transition, with a focus on the development of an integrated risk management framework and operational optimization. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to publications from the 2019-2024 period from the Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and ProQuest databases, this study integrates findings from 247 selected articles. The results of the analysis show a significant increase in operational efficiency of up to 45% through the implementation of an integrated risk management framework, including a real-time monitoring system and an AI-based decision-making platform. The financial impact analysis reveals a reduction in OPEX of 34.4% and an increase in CAPEX ROI from 15.3% to 22.8%. From an environmental perspective, the implementation of the framework has succeeded in reducing CO2e emissions by 36.5% and water use by 25%. This study identifies four main challenges in implementation: technology gaps, supply chain complexity, immature regulatory frameworks, and the need for human resource development. The developed framework integrates technical, economic, and social aspects, providing practical guidance for the industry in the transition to sustainable bioenergy. This research contributes to the development of theoretical framework and practical guidelines for bioenergy industry management, while opening up new research opportunities in the integration of blockchain, IoT, and advanced AI technologies for operational optimization. The results show that continuous evolution in the management approach of the bioenergy industry is key to realizing an effective and sustainable energy transition
Bioenergy as a Key Driver of Energy Transition: A Case Study of Emission Reduction and Energy Security
No full textThe transition to renewable energy is an urgent step in addressing the global climate crisis and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which have increased greenhouse gas emissions and exacerbated climate change. In this context, bioenergy emerges as an important solution because it not only helps reduce carbon emissions through cleaner and carbon-neutral combustion but also increases energy security by diversifying energy sources, especially through the utilization of organic biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste. This study aims to study more deeply about bioenergy as a key driver of energy transition through case studies related to emission reduction and energy security enhancement. Bioenergy plays an important role in the global energy transition because it is able to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions. In addition to helping create a more resilient energy system by utilizing local biomass resources, bioenergy also supports the principle of a circular economy through the utilization of organic waste. Despite offering many benefits, bioenergy development faces challenges such as resource supply and production efficiency, but the opportunities to overcome these challenges remain large through technological innovation and supportive policies. Bioenergy plays an important role in the global energy transition towards clean energy by reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy security through the utilization of renewable biomass. Despite challenges in terms of policy, technology, and raw material supply, the great potential of bioenergy can be optimized through innovation and policy support to strengthen a more sustainable energy system. This study shows that bioenergy has great potential to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy security through the use of renewable biomass, but further development is needed to overcome efficiency and policy challenges to support the transition to a more sustainable energy system
Analysis of the Effect of Biodiesel Use on the Wear of Heavy Equipment Machinery Components in the Mining Industry
No full textThis study analyzes the effect of the use of B30/B35 biodiesel on the wear of heavy equipment engine components in the Indonesian mining industry. Through a longitudinal experimental design for 12 months, the study was conducted on 24 units of heavy equipment consisting of excavators, bulldozers, and articulated dump trucks in three different mining locations: a coal mine in East Kalimantan, a nickel mine in Southeast Sulawesi, and a gold mine in Papua. The results show that the use of B30/B35 biodiesel consistently reduces the wear rate of components compared to conventional diesel. Nozzle injector wear in the biodiesel group is 18.6% lower, piston ring wear is 15.3% lower, cylinder liner wear is 12.7% lower, and bearing wear is 14.2% lower. SEM and EDS analysis revealed that biodiesel forms a tribochemical layer on metal surfaces that reduces direct contact between surfaces and minimizes wear. The analysis of the lubricant showed lower concentration of metal particles and better lubricant quality parameters in the biodiesel group. The developed predictive model indicates an extension of component life of around 15-20% with the use of biodiesel, potentially providing maintenance cost savings of 12-18% per year. These findings change the perception that the use of biodiesel is solely regulatory compliance, to an operational strategy that provides economic and technical benefits. This study provides a scientific basis for the optimization of preventive maintenance programs for mining heavy equipment that uses biodiesel and supports the sustainability of the implementation of the national mandatory biodiesel policy
Characteristics of Tool Tilt Variation in Friction Stir Welding HDPE with Tool Made of 7075 Aluminum on Tensile and Bending Strengths
No full textHigh-Density Polyethylene's (HDPE) potential is highlighted by the growing need for lightweight, high-strength materials in the automotive and aerospace industries. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) provides a solid-state joining method with low thermal degradation for producing high-quality joints in this thermoplastic material. With an emphasis on tensile and bending strength, this study attempts to examine how tool tilt angle variation affects HDPE joint quality. Three different tilt angle variations—0°, 1°, and 1.5°—were used in the experiment, which was carried out using an aluminum 7075 tool that was shaped like a grooved conical pin. A modified milling machine was used for welding, and ASTM D638 for tensile and ASTM D790 for bending mechanical tests were conducted. The findings show that the tilt angle has a major impact on the quality of the weld. With a tensile strength of 13 MPa (68.4% of raw HDPE), a bending strength of 16.5 MPa (70.5%), and a dense stir zone with few voids, the best weld was produced at a 1.5° angle. On the other hand, the weakest joint with obvious structural flaws was produced by the 0° angle. Overall, it is determined that the best tilt angle for improving the mechanical and aesthetic performance of FSW joints in HDPE is 1.5°
Characteristics of Profile Pin Variation in HDPE Friction Stir Welding to Mechanical Properties of Materials
No full textFriction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the Solid-State Welding processes, which joins materials below their melting point by continuously rubbing two workpieces together to generate heat. The FSW process heavily relies on the use of pin profiles, which play a crucial role in forming the weld joint, as they directly affect material flow in the weld zone and heat distribution during the welding process. This research aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of FSW joints made using different pin profile variations, in order to achieve high-quality welds. The study applies a descriptive statistical analysis approach, utilizing tensile testing, flexural testing, hardness testing, and macro photography. The material used in this research is High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), with three types of pin profiles: triangular, threaded cylindrical, and grooved cylindrical. The welding parameters are kept constant: feed rate of 25 mm/min, spindle speed of 930 RPM, plunge depth of 3.84 mm, and tilt angle of 0°. The results show that the threaded pin profile produced the highest average values: hardness of 59.5 SHD, tensile strength of 11.5 MPa, and flexural strength of 22.4 MPa. In contrast, the grooved pin profile showed the lowest average values: hardness of 57.83 SHD, tensile strength of 4.99 MPa, and flexural strength of 4.22 MPa. The mechanical strength test results were influenced by weld defects observed through macro images. These weld defects significantly impacted the mechanical properties and demonstrated that pin profile geometry plays a vital role in heat generation through friction and in controlling the material flow dynamics, which directly determine the structural integrity and mechanical performance of the weld joint
Study of Wind Energy Potential for Wind Power Plants Development in the South Coastal Area of Malang Regency
No full textOne of the renewable energy sources that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia is wind energy sources, Indonesia has wind energy sources that can be converted to produce up to 60.68 GW of electricity. One of the potential areas to be developed is the southern region of Java Island and wind speed analysis using the wind weilbull approach. wind speed data is taken from Nasa Power satellite data with a wind height of 50 meters with a time span of January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. From the calculation of wind speed, it is found that in the coastal area of South Malang the average speed is 4.92 m/s, with the highest speed of 11.18 m/s. From the analysis using the wind weilbull approach, it is found that the South Coast of Malang has a variation in wind speed between 1-12 m / s where the highest speed occurs in the wind speed range of 6 m / s occurs as much as 18.976%, and the occurrence in 1 year occurs for 1547 hours and the electrical energy produced in a year is 413,520,696 watts. By using q-blade simulation with a turbine diameter of 7.8 m, NACA 4412 airfoil type and TSR value of 5.5, the wind turbine capacity is 5.93661 kW with a CP value of 0.4392.
Key words: Renewable energy, maximum average wind speed, electrical energy, wind turbin
Exergy Analysis in the Application of Exhaust Heat Utilization Through Diesel Engine Cooling Unit for Organic Rankine Cycle
No full textA Very rapid population growth has resulted in fossil energy being gradually depleted and environmental pollution getting worse. So far, burning fossil fuels has produced about 40% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are considered a major source of greenhouse gases. The Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) has become the main power source for cars, trucks, locomotives, and ships. In ordinary diesel engines, less than 45% of the fuel energy can be converted into useful work output from the crankshaft, and the remaining energy is largely lost through exhaust gases and jacket water. One way that can be done is to utilize the waste from the internal combustion engine (ICE). This method uses the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system by utilizing the wasted heat generated by the Diesel engine when operating, through the engine coolant coming out of the engine gap (water jacket) to the radiator. In this study, the study focused on the exergy analysis of each component in the ORC system integrated in the diesel engine cooling unit which was simulated using Aspen Plus software. The analytical method used in this study is the exergy method with variations in ambient temperature of 20oC, 21oC, 22oC, 23oC, 24oC, 25oC, 26oC, 27 oC, and 28 oC using the working fluid R141B. The results showed that the greatest exergy destruction was found in the components of the pump, evaporator, and turbine
Compressive Strength Characteristics of Mortar Composite Materials Influenced by the Fly Ash Mass Composition Ratio
No full textThe application of science and technology to mortar composite materials creates increasingly better economic value advantages and its development potential has a positive impact on the field of building construction with the implementation of household appliances, coral transplant media, sea walls, roads, curbs, paving blocks, reclaimed land, plant vases, wall ornaments, and acoustic panels. Fly ash material as industrial waste has been categorized as non-B3 waste by the government so that the use of Fly Ash can be optimized to maintain environmental sustainability and become a catalyst for driving the community's economy. This study with a 1: 2 ratio mortar material added with fly ash material to analyze the mechanical properties of the material using experimental testing methods on 3 variations of fly ash material compositions in sequence 10%, 30%, and 50% aims to obtain compressive strength characteristics and mass percentage. The test results provide the highest compressive strength value data on 10% fly ash material of 28.10 MPa while other composition variations tend to show a decrease in the ability of material resilience properties in sequence of 9.36% and 20.32%. The mechanical properties of compressive strength meet the quality requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996 for implementation on paving blocks of type B quality and SNI 2442-2020 for application on concrete curbs. The influence of mass composition provides a positive contribution creating an increasing trend towards the mass percentage where the response of fly ash variations is respectively 20.74% and 14.33%
Hydrogen Production Simulation From Empty Palm Oil Bunches Using Aspen Plus
Full text linkA simulation model of biomass gasification for hydrogen production has been further developed using Aspen Plus. The model developed is based on Gibbs free energy minimization using the finite equilibrium method. The objective was to study the effect of important parameters such as gasification temperature, steam to biomass ratio and shift reaction temperature on hydrogen concentration. Simulations were conducted for palm empty bunch feedstock. The simulation results show that the main gas components in the synthetic gas are H₂, CO, CO₂, CH₄. Hydrogen gas increases with increasing temperature, hydrogen concentration increases from 22 kg/hour to 64 kg/hour but CH₄ concentration decreases from 50 kg/hour to 0 kg/hour with increasing temperature from 500-800˚C under 500 kg/hour steam flow rate operation
Strength Analysis of S275 JOH Material Using Charpy Impact Test Equipment
No full textS275 JOH is a structural steel widely used in the construction of bridges, buildings, and other infrastructure. This study aims to evaluate the material's impact strength through Charpy impact testing on two types of specimens: SHS (Square Hollow Section) and RHS (Rectangular Hollow Section). Testing was conducted at 10°C according to the EN 10210-1 standard. The results show that the 75x75 mm SHS has an average impact energy value of 105.90 J, higher than the 100x200 mm RHS with a value of 78.79 J. Despite a decrease of approximately 25% in RHS, both specimens still meet the minimum requirement of 27 J according to the standard. This study provides a scientific basis for selecting structural steel materials based on impact strength