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Extractives in the tissues of european larch (Larix decidua mill.)
No full textChemical characterization of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives in typical wood tissues of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), such as sapwood, heartwood, knot and branch segments is presented. The analysis indicated similar
lipophilic structure of all tissues, while the content of hydrophilic phenolic compounds in individual tissues proved to be significantly different. The highest phenolic concentrations were determined in knotwood, which classifies it as suitable raw material for large scale production of bioactive compounds with high added value
Effectiveness of wolf (Canis lupus) culling as a measure to reduce livestock depredations
Get PDFLivestock depredations are one of the main challenges in the management of thegrey wolf (Canis lupus) and culling of the wolves is a measure often used in an attempt to reduce damages. In the present study we analyzed effects of the legal wolf culling on livestock depredations in Slovenia and made a reviewof similar studies from other regions. 51 wolves were legally culled and2,221 attacks on livestock were recorded in Slovenia in 1995-2009. Our analysis did not show any effects of the culling on the number of depredationsduring the study period. No effects were detected even when the most extreme years were compared. Our results are in agreement with those fromother studies that showed that sustainable hunting of wolves is not an effective measure to reduce live-stock depredations. Wolf removal becomes efficient only when wolves are completely exterminated or when the majority ofwolves are removed from a large area. Because depredation of small live-stock in Slovenia presents a serious problem and since wolf culling does not seem to be efficient, we recommend that more attention and resources should be focused on more effective measures
Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), a new alien invasive species in Slovenia
No full textThe black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) was for the first time recorded in August 2009 for the territories of Slovenia. In 2010, the black soldier fly was found on several places in the coastal region of Primorska and in Ljubljana. The way of introduction and possible effects to other species are discussed
Kinetics and mechanisms of wood liquefaction
No full textWood liquefaction is the process of wood solvolysis in which basic wood components are degraded to monomers and oligomers in the presence of a suitable solvent and catalyst. These later on react with each other or with the solvent, and
insoluble product is produced. The paper describes the mechanisms and kinetics of wood liquefaction and liquefaction of its basic components (cellulose and lignin)
Thin-layer chromatography of gallic acid, pyrocatehol, phloroglucinol, resorcinol and catechin
Get PDFThe suitability of six solvent systems for the thin-layer chromatographic separation of simple phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, pyrocatechol phloroglucinol, resorcinol and related compound catechin were investigated. The most appropriate developing solvent systems for the separation of these organic compounds were chloroform - ethyl acetate - acetic acid (50 : 50 : 1) and toluene -acetonitrile - formic acid (70 : 30 : 1). The best separation of the five organic compounds was achieved using solvents with higher organic content. Detection was carried out using ferric chloride reagent and vanillin-sulphuric reagent
The decline of pile-dwellings at Ljubljansko barje
Get PDFThe article presents the results of archaeological, dendrochronological, and archaeozoological research at four pile-dwelling settlements at the Ljubljansko barje, at the previously investigated Založnica and at the newly discovered Črni graben, Dušanovo, and Blato. During 2009 and 2010, we had documented and sampled archaeological finds (pottery), wooden remains of piles driven into the ground, on which the pile-dwellings were built, and animal bone remains. Dendrochronological analysis was performed on the samples of wood, comprising over 45 tree rings. The determinability of animal bones was high as expected (NISP = 42 at N = 70). Wood samples from Založnica, which was inhabited during the century prior to 2400 BC, were dated to the period between 2459 and 2457. Ash wood at Črni graben was mostly cut down in 2491 BC. The wood from the sites of Dušanovo and Blato could not be analysed because it had too few tree rings or was not sufficiently preserved. The archaeological finds at Založnica, Črni graben, and Dušanovo are assigned to the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The pile-dwelling of Blato is later and most probably dates to the Middle Bronze Age. Thus it belongs to the group of similar settlements that mark the end of the pile-dwelling era at the Ljubljansko barje. The species composition of the animal remains sample, with a significant representation of hunted species, is also in line with such a time definition. A bovine phalange from the pile-dwelling of Črni graben reveals deformations that can be connected to the use of these animals as working animals