ETIKONOMI
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The Nexus between Time Management Behaviors and Work-Life Balance of Employees
No full textThis research is envisioned to explain the impact of individual time management behaviors on the work-life balance of banking employees. Using the positivist paradigm, a self-administered survey was chosen to collect responses from bank employees across Sindh, Pakistan. The presented hypotheses were supported by quantitative analytical techniques that tested causal links between all constructs. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered, out of which 320 valid responses were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings validated that individual time management behaviors do contribute to attaining work-life balance in the banking sector. Results revealed a positive effect of goal setting and priorities, time management mechanics, and organization preference on employees’ work-life balance. Among all, mechanics of time management (MTM) substantially impact achieving work-life balance. This research will aid in the identification of time management practices that are better capable of balancing work and life.JEL Classification: M12How to Cite:Shaikh, S., Khoso, I., & Channa, N. (2023). The Nexus Between Time Management Behaviors and Work-Life Balance of Employees. Etikonomi, 22(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.22385
The Gravity Model of Indonesian Tourism Trade and Investment
No full textThis study aimed to determine the performance of tourism investment and trade in Indonesia following the outbreak of COVID-19 and other economic and non-economic factors. Goods and services for Indonesian tourism from 8 sample countries over 26 years were examined using a tourism economy approach and a gravity panel model of the flow of investment and trade. Regarding research originality, the model developed is constructing tourism economic theory applying the Keynesian method. The results showed that economic factors, such as GDP per capita, interest rates, exchange rates, prices, and economic distance, and non-economic factors, such as population, travel alerts, and pandemics, significantly affect investment flows and the tourism trade. Furthermore, tourism competitiveness increased globally in 2019. However, potential economic leakage in FDI and trade were identified. As a result, the government must emphasize long-term and efficient investment and trade in the tourism sector, particularly in the context of systemic shocks such as a pandemic.JEL Classification: C58, D58, Z32, Z38How to Cite:Singagerda, F. S., Desfiandi, A., & Marantika, E.R. (2023). The Gravity Model of Indonesian Tourism Trade and Investment. Etikonomi, 22(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.25222
Improving Food Security through Financial Inclusion
No full textFinancial inclusion may accelerate food insecurity reduction, an issue in Indonesia’s development. However, studies examining the relationship between financial inclusion and food security remain inconclusive and scarce in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how strong the relationship between those variables is, both in general and within specific groups. This study mainly used data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2020. Food security is measured by dietary diversity score (DDS), while financial inclusion is measured by household accessibility to savings and credit. The association between those variables is examined using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results show that financial inclusion is positively related to household food security at a significant level, in general, and according to poverty status and location category. Therefore, expanding financial inclusion may be suggested as an alternative to improve food security. JEL Classification: C31, G20, O10 How to Cite:Astuti, R.,& Hartono, D. (2023). Improving Food Security through Financial Inclusion. Etikonomi, 22(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.26632
What is the trend after Covid-19? A Political-Economic Analysis of the Pension Systems in Hong Kong and MACAU
No full textThe aging trend of the population in Hong Kong and Macau is evident, so the pension system is especially significant. This research paper uses document analysis and a double-case study as the research method. It uses path dependence and critical moments in historical institutionalism theory as the theoretical tools for political economy analysis. The discussion argues that “the social culture shaped by local politics,” “the combination of local economic development and economic structure,” and “influence from social structure” are the three main factors that influence the pension systems in Hong Kong and Macau, and are the fundamental reasons for the differences between the pension systems in Hong Kong and Macau. We also conclude that the outbreak of COVID-19 is causing the evolution of the pension systems in both regions to be converging.JEL Classification: H7, N9, O2, R5How to Cite:Guo, S., You, L., & Wang, Q. (2023). What is the Trend after Covid-19? A Political-Economic Analysis of the Pension Systems in Hongkong and Macau. Etikonomi, 22(1), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.23737
The Asymmetric Effect of Exchange Rate on the Household Consumption Expenditures
No full textPrevious literature on the exchange rate and household consumption failed to examine the effect of positive and negative changes in the exchange rate on household consumption expenditures. We extended the available literature by investigating the asymmetric impacts in African emerging economies (AEE). To attain this aim, we utilized the nonlinear ARDL model, which covers both negative and positive shocks in the exchange rate. Our results indicate that movements in the exchange rate have asymmetric impacts on household consumption in all the included emerging economies, excluding Nigeria. Our findings propose recommendations for the policymakers to ensure the alignment of the optimal exchange rate for countries of emerging African economies and propose relevant policies for the countries.JEL Classification: D12, D60, I30How to Cite:Gohar, R., Chang, B. H., Uche, E., & Bhatty, K. (2023). The Asymmetric Effect of Exchange Rate on the Household Consumption Expenditures. Etikonomi, 22(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.23428
Entrepreneurial Marketing Impact Score on MSME Performances Through Its Dimension
No full textThe presence of the entrepreneurial marketing concept is considered capable of overcoming marketing problems in MSMEs. This study aims to determine the specific magnitude of the influence score given by each entrepreneurial marketing dimension to MSMEs in Bengkulu City. This study focuses on culinary MSMEs that are the mainstay sector of the region. The effective and relative contribution has been used to measure the influence score of its dimension on performance and 183 questionnaires are distributed to the owners of MSMEs in Bengkulu City. The results show that the dimension of resource leverage most dominantly affects business performance. Meanwhile, calculated risk-taking has a minor effect. Essentially, culinary MSME business actors in Bengkulu City must improve their ability to effectively predict the problem in the future that can be done by joining risk management certification or webinar.JEL Classification: L25, L26, L66How to Cite:Putri, M. K., & Putri, A. N. (2023). Entrepreneurial Marketing Impact Score on MSME Performance Through Its Dimension. Etikonomi, 22(1), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.25617
Islamic Philantropy Adaptation Towards Financial Social Exclusion Among Independen Oil Palm Smallholder
No full textSocial exclusion among independent smallholders of the oil palm sector is a socioeconomic problem that is closely linked to the incidence of poverty and economic inequality. Although there are several Islamic banking institutions that provide micro credit to the farmers, but not received much response due to lack of attractiveness and non-competitive features especially to independent smallholder. Therefore, other channels like philanthropy are seen as an alternative for smallholder empowerment in the form of integration between zakat business capital, and business incubators as mechanisms to address these issues. The objective of this study is to examine the role of Islamic philanthropic instruments of zakat and waqf in addressing the problem. The methods used in this study are based on qualitative approach like research interviews, observations, written expert experiences, and research publications. The findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders into Islamic philanthropy role and the importance of exposure in improving ISH performance, which could help them in (re-) align their agricultural practices and formulating strategies for industry player’s guidance.JEL Classification: A13, G21, J24, Q02, Z1
Halal Tourism and Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia: Error Correction Model
No full textThis study aims to look at how the number of tourists and the exchange rate affects Indonesia\u27s foreign exchange reserves before and after the implementation of halal tourism from 2010 to 2019 (monthly). The Paired t-Test model was used to look at the differences in Indonesia before and after halal tourism. By examining the short and long-term effects of tourist numbers and currency rates on foreign exchange reserves using the Error Correction Model. Halal tourism, according to the research, helps Indonesia\u27s foreign exchange reserves. The exchange rate has a negative impact on foreign exchange reserves in this situation. Meanwhile, the number of international visitors has a favourable impact on both short- and long-term foreign exchange reserves. It demonstrates that the tourism sector, particularly halal tourism, can be one of the supporting sectors in increasing the country\u27s foreign exchange, encouraging the government to implement policies to support its tourism industry. How to Cite:Rahmatun, L., & Suriani. (2022). Halal Tourism and Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia: Erroc Correction Model. Etikonomi, 21(1), 177-192. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.19616
Causation between Consumption, Export, Import, and Economic Growth of Oman
No full textTo examine the causation between consumption, export, import, and economic growth for the Sultanate of Oman using yearly time series data collected from the World Bank for 2000-2018. Further, it was tested by basic statistics, the Bound test with the ARDL model, and the Granger-causality tests. The findings of the Bound test analysis indicate the presence of both long-run and short-run associations among competing variables. The ARDL Model result reflects that imports have both short-run and long-run effects, supported by the Granger Causality tests by indicating the presence of unidirectional causality import to economic growth and import to consumption. The outcome of the study revealed that import is essential for economic growth as imports can absorb foreign technology in the domestic economy that can boost the export and further act as an engine of growth. How to Cite:Khan, U., Khan, A. M., Alam, M. D., & Alkatheery,N. (2022). Causation Between Consumption, Export, Import & Economic Growth of Oman. Etikonomi, 21(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.20034
Diverse Outreach of Macroprudential Policy Effect on Household and Non-Financial Corporate Loan: An Indication of Macroprudential Policy Leak?
No full textDespite increasing awareness of the importance of countercyclical policies to overcome financial system instability, the potential leak of such policies comes to attention due to economic agents\u27 risk-taking behavior. This paper aims to investigate the potential leaks of the policy. Using the Estimator General Method of Moments-difference (GMM-diff), we found evidence that macroprudential policies are less functional in controlling non-financial firms\u27 credit growth than household credit growth. The result amplifies hesitation about the effectiveness of macroprudential policy caused by potential leaks coming from non-financial firms\u27 risk-taking behavior. We also found that macroprudential policy in developing countries is less effective than in developed countries. Hence, the financial stability goal cannot rely solely on macroprudential policy. Instead, it needs support from other mutual policies, such as the capital control policy and transparent regulatory boundaries, to prevent partial risk shift from regulated financial institutions to unregulated, prevalent in the less developed financial system.JEL Classification: E42, E44, E52, E58