ASIAN JOURNAL FOR POVERTY STUDIES (AJPS)
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IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR FOR RURAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT
Full text linkLivestock sector plays avigorous role in socio-economic progress of rural families. Livestock rearing has substantial optimistic influence on equity in terms of employment, income and poverty lessening in rural zones by way of dispersal of livestock is more democratic as compared to land for agriculture purposes. In Andhra Pradesh, more than 5 percent of the rural households own livestock and a majority of livestock owning households are small, marginal and landless households. Small animals like sheep, goats, pigs and poultry are largely kept by the land scarce poor households for commercial purposes due to their low initial investment and operational costs. In the recent decade, demand for various livestock based products has increased considerably due to rise in per capita income, urbanization, taste and preference and increased awareness about food nutrition. Livestock sector is likely to arise as an appliance for agricultural progress in the coming years. This study only confined to Sree Rangaraja Puram Mandal in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh. In this paper author will make an attempt to analyses the performance of livestock sector in terms of livestock population, production, employment and income on one hand and the role of livestock sector in reducing rural poverty on the other. The study will also highlight the various major problems facing by the people those who are engaging in livestock sector in Sree Rangaraja Puram Mandal of Chittoor district
INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP IN RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE STATE OF TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA
Full text linkChallenges in rural communities call for awareness of community leaders in overcoming these challenges. One of these challenges is the government’s endeavour to ensure that the rural community development is parallel to the country’s development; hence, a credible, effective community leader is needed to achieve the country’s development aspiration. This study was conducted in four rural communitiesin the state of Terengganu, Malaysia to identify the role played by local community leaders. These communities were selected based on their excellent achievement in community development programmes and contests. The objectives of this research are, (1) identifying the role of leaders in bringing success for every development programme and (2) ascertaining the leadership style that can bring positively impact a community. The data for this study were obtained from observations and interviews with 40 respondents who comprised of chairpersons and members of the Villages Development and Safety Committee (J3K), as well as local residents. The findings showed that effective community leadership plays a significant role as an agent of change and has the ability to positively impact the development of rural community. Besides that, community leaders’ practise of effective leadership style is perceived to bring changes among the community in the social, economic and cultural aspects, as well as changes in the way of thinking among rural communities. In this regard, leadership in these four communities is viewed to manifests the change into better leadership that can inspire other community leaders
ROLE OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS IN POVERTY REDUCTION AMONG TRIBALS IN WESTERN GHATS OF TAMILNADU
Full text linkThe enormous natural resources of India's forests including Non-Wood forest products (NWFPs), such as medicinal and aromatic plants, leaves, seeds, nuts, fruits and gums offer employment that provide up to half the income of about 25 % of the country's rural labor force. Despite of the potential benefits that are offered by non-wood forest products, it has been widely documented that forest still offers little in terms of opportunities for expanding livelihood options and assets required to reduce livelihood vulnerability. Based on this, a study was carried out to determine the contribution of NWFPs towards poverty reduction by assessing potentials and constraints experienced by adjacent local communities towards their exploitation. The specific objective of the study is to assess the role of NWFPs contribution to tribal income and also influence on the poverty reduction. The study was conducted in Kodaikanal and Palani range in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu state. The data were collected personally in cooperation with forest officers and other officials of the district by using pre-tested interview schedule. The findings reveals that the 65 selected households involved for collection of myrobalam (kadukkai), honey, amla, broom grass, stone flower, pepper, and coffee. These products were easily accessible and available to them and these activities are the important source of employment and income. The tribes earned at an average per day, from the collection of NWFPs of Rs700 for broom grass, Rs.650 for kadukkai, Rs.600 for amla, Rs.500 for pepper, and Rs.400 for coffee and stone flower. Regarding honey collection, the tribes earned Rs.400 per liter. Majority of the respondents (92.3 %) were facing the problems related to lack of transport facilities for NWFPs existence of bad weather (76.9 %), deforestation(69.2 %), fluctuated market price (61.5 %), lack of storage facilities for NWFPs (56.9 %), over collection of outsiders (38.4 %), low infrastructure facilities for NWFPs (18.4 %), lack of skill oriented training for NWFPs(16.9 %) and lack of timely information for marketing of NWFPs (15.3 %). It is suggested that there is a need to take necessary steps by the government to eliminate these existing problems faced by the respondent of study area. Respondents expected nearby Ration shop and Primary health centre from the district authority
PATTERN OF FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY ON THE LINKAGE
Full text linkAgricultural development is the sine qua non for socio-economic development of a nation in general and developing countries in particular. The sustainable agriculture can be traced that it enhances the environmental quality and the resource base upon which agriculture depends. This form of agriculture is expected to provide basic human food and other major needs which are socially desirable and economically viable. This awareness has come to the centre stage of global debate as a result of degradation of natural resources and environment. The present study is an attempt to examine the farming practices in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. The study is an empirical investigation based upon the data collected from the above mentioned field. The data were collected from 335 respondents of the district who were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling method. In the first phase one developed taluk, a backward taluk, and a most backward taluk were identified. In the second phase one community development block is selected from each taluk. Third phase is the selection of five villages from each block. And at the final stage from each village 10 per cent of the farm households were selected at random. From the selected respondents the data were collected by using the tool of interview-schedule. The farming pattern of each educational group is associated with the views on advantages of cultivating traditional crop variety and the awareness of impact of chemical fertilizer on land and crops
EFFECTIVENESS OF FOOD SECURITY POLICIES IN IBSA AND BANGLADESH
Full text linkThe paper examines food security in terms of its three basic indicators, viz., availability, accessibility and absorption, across IBSA countries and Bangladesh, which together account for nearly a quarter of the world’s population and more than one-third the undernourished. It also analyses the determinants of prevalence of food inadequacy in these countries. The study is based on data drawn from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicators (World Bank) and Global Food Security Index 2016 for the period 1990-2016. The objectives of the study have been analysed using ratios, percentages, simple average and multiple regressions. The results of the study indicate Brazil to be leading in achievement of the three indicators of food security indicators, whereas India and Bangladesh lag behind in most of the parameters. The determinants of prevalence of food inadequacy revealed that while increase in GDP per capita significantly reduced food inadequacy, growth in population significantly increased it in Brazil. Value of food production and targeted policies ensuring food security emerged as the most significant factors reducing prevalence of food inadequacy in most of the selected countries. The study recommends increasing food production and effective implementation of the food security policies by the four countries. Above all, these countries could also benefit from sharing each others’ best practices
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF ICTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNION TERRITORY OF PUDUCHERRY, INDIA
Full text linkIt is globally accepted that the agricultural sector is the backbone of every economy. This sector plays a significant role over the course of economic development by contributing a considerable share in the gross domestic product and employment generation. Further, this sector is considered as a herculean weapon to eradicate extreme poverty, food insecurity and poor standard of living particularly in the underdeveloped and developing nations. There are some internal and external forces which have both positive and negative effects on this sector, which includes government policies, environmental condition, population pressure on land, cropping pattern, globalization, international trade and information, communication and technology. Against the above theoretical background, the present study tries to assess the role of ICTs in the development of agriculture in the Union territory of Puducherry, India. In order to execute this study, both primary and secondary data have been used. Secondary data have been collected from the published reports and materials while primary data have been collected from 90 sample respondents from three villages using simple random sampling method. The dataset include socio-economic profiles of the sample respondents and role of television, radio, cell phone, news papers and internet in offering information for the development of agriculture. The study uses simple percentage and Garrett Ranking method to analyze the data. The result of this study shows that television is in the towering position, followed by radio, news papers, cell phone, and internet in generating awareness on suitable input applications like pesticide and fertilizer use, soil quality test, credit opportunities, agricultural prices and cultivation methods. Hence, the study suggests that agro-based programmes should be more effectively relayed through local and national level channels in vernacular language to enhance the agricultural production and productivity
THE DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA KEY ECONOMIC ZONE IN VIETNAM
Full text linkThis paper investigates the determinants of poverty in Mekong River Delta Key Economic Zone in Vietnam for a sample of 604 households in Can Tho province, An Giang province, KienGiang province and Ca Mau province in 2012. Explanatory variables include demographic, nature, region, finance and physical. Using Binary Logistics regression, results show the complexity of the issues, wherein the financial variable has been the most important influence of poverty in this area
GREEN KAMPONG: URBAN POVERTY INITIATIVE PROGRAM FOR TRANSIENT POOR FAMILY IN BENGKULU, INDONESIA
Full text linkUrban poverty is still a thorny issue in almost all cities in Indonesia. Urban poverty is grouped into two different characteristics: chronic and transient. Chronic poverty experienced by those who are under the poverty line, while transient poverty experienced by those who are around the poverty line. Unlike the chronic group that is often the target of poverty reduction policies, transient group is often overlooked. They do not exist in the scheme of poverty reduction programs. In fact, the number of transient poor population is about 46 percent, compare to the chronic population that is only 11%. With almost having similar condition with the chronic group, transient group is characterized by unstable income, large spending on food, limited access to drinking water, live in the surrounding slums, and having a low quality sanitation. The question is, how the survival strategy of the neglected transient is able to cope with their difficult life. And the most important thing, what program should be done by the government to deal with transient poverty? This paper will discuss the economic living conditions of transient poor families in urban Bengkulu City, Indonesia, reviews their survival strategy, initiatives and experiences. It also talks about ongoing Green Kampong project promoted by the University of Bengkulu that integrates incomes generation efforts for the transient poor and the commitment of environmental protection through the vegetables planting in every idle land in the kampong area
THE POTENTIAL USE OF Phaleria macrocarpa LEAVES EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE DRUG FOR BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN LIVING IN POVERTY
Full text linkCancer is recognized as global threat to human development and it was estimated that in 2030 there will be 22.2 million new cases of cancer and 12.7 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. Herbal medicine plant till this day all over in the word is still the main source and one of the most important fields of traditional medicine agents to fight breast cancer. The usage of plants is still important because has its own beaviour advantages such as low toxicity, easy to get, cheap and has less side effect if it is used in a right. One of this plant it has been used as a traditional medicine is a Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl) also known as Mahkota Dewa from Papua island. It has been used traditionally for treatment of cancers in Indonesia and also to cure many diseases. The therapeutic effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl, is related to the its bioactive compounds contents. There are many reported compounds from Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl, which are found, reported and published such as Icariside, phalerin, mangiferin, gallic acid, 29-Norcucurbitacin, gentiobioside and glucoside. All compounds reported above have already published as anticancer agents,where anticancer activity were detected and showed against Hela cells, leukemia cells, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and L1210 cells. Research on Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit and leaves merit have been done and published, however, there are very limited research on linked correlation between the concentration of compounds and its the cytotoxicity level. Because of that, research about correlation level of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl leaves extract still need to investigate to find the relationship between them in the goal to investigate alternative low cost herbal medicine agents to fight breast cancer especially useful for low income people, thus, information about Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.Leaves became more complete. Cytotoxicity properties of samples against breast cancer cell lines was performed by using the MTT assay against MCF-7 cell line. The correlation between concentration of crude and cytotoxic activity was interpreted by statistical analyses. The study showed that Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.) leaves extracts showed cytoxicity activity against breast cancer MCF7 cell lines. Correlation between concentration of extract and cytotoxicity property (absorbance value) were founded in weak relationship (R = -0.37181). It could be effect of many different compounds in the Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.) leaves methanol extracts may cause the pharmacological interactions, so lower or higher concentration will be antagonistic effect on absorbance or cell viability.Further study on its mechanism pathway on revealing against breast cancer could be explored. Furthermore, the natural product derived from Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.) leaves extracts have potential use in cheap alternative agents against breast cance
IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH POVERTY ALLEVIATION: AN ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN CHENNAI CITY OF TAMIL NADU
Full text linkThe empowerment of women is one of the central issues in the process of development of countries all over the world. Poverty is one of the major reasons of women’s disempowerment. Different micro and macro level strategies are being used by government agencies and NGOs for poverty alleviation of women as a way to empower them. Microfinance has become an important component of development, poverty reduction and economic regeneration strategy around the world. In India, Microfinance programme are implemented through Self Help Groups (SHGs). The SHG is an association of people belonging to similar socio-economic characteristic, residing in same locality. The SHGs are voluntary associations of people formed to attain some common goals. These are groups have similar social identity, heritage, caste or traditional occupations. The present study is analyses the role of microfinance in empowering Muslim women as well as non-Muslim women in a comparative perspective and a comparison between members of SHGs and non-members to gain better insights into the working of SHGs. The concept of microfinance is analysed by using the size of loan received, recovery of loan, and period of loan and the economic, social and knowledge empowerment is used to analyse the empowerment. The results were tabulated by using of logistic regression model. Finally, it is concluded that that microfinance brought knowledge and social empowerment than economic empowerment. Impact of micro finance is appreciable in bringing confidence, courage, skill development and empowerment