ASIAN JOURNAL FOR POVERTY STUDIES (AJPS)
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ANY LINKS BETWEEN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY? EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM PROVINCES AND CITIES
Full text linkThis study aims at finding possible links between the economic performance and institutional quality of provinces and cities in Vietnam by using regression analysis. The economic performance is measured by Net revenue of all firms in each province or city. The institutional quality is representative with Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) of respective province or city. For regression models, while the dependent variable is economic performance of provinces, PCI is used as the key independent variable. Labor and capital are main production factors of the economic performance, so they are also included in the regression models. The data of the years 2012 and 2013 collected from sixty-three provinces and cities in Vietnam is used in the study. The study shows a link between the economic performance and the institutional quality of provinces and cities in Vietnam
CREDIT GUARANTEE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES THE CASE OF MUNICIPAL CREDIT GUARANTEE FUNDS IN VIETNAM
Full text linkOnly 23 out of 63 provinces in Vietnam have established credit guarantee funds since 2001, when Vietnamese government encouraged the establishment of provincial credit guarantee funds to support small and medium enterprises. The Credit Guarantee Fund which reach the largest small and medium enterprises guarantee for only 105 loans. The article uses content analysis method to assess the situation of credit guarantee operation for small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. Research shows that guarantee funds are currently not expanding due to the fact that unfavorable guarantee regulations do not encourage borrowing under the guarantee of these funds; charter capital is at small scale; cooperation between banks and these funds are not based on sharing benefits and risks; inflexible and increative Municipal Credit Guarantee Funds. Following the recent findings, the paper suggests recommendations for the policies to strengthen the credit accessibility of SMEs in Vietnam
ROLE OF MICRO CREDIT IN POVERTY ERADICATION: A CASE STUDY IN CHITTOOR RURAL MANDAL OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Full text linkRecently the concept of micro credit has been given huge prominence at the global level in order to eliminate poverty and to raise the living conditions of underprivileged and growth excluded groups across the world countries. Community development and poverty eradication through micro credit which combines use of training, organization and career development, efforts to improve individual, group and organizational effectiveness develops the essential abilities that enable individuals to perform present and future income generation through planned learning activities. This is not only related to those who are employed but also it is necessary even for those who are socially and economically backward sections and groups to improve their living standards and empowerment. The essential credit supplied at an affordable rate and in time for those who have the capacity to invest it in a suitable productive manner could help to improve their social and economic standards. Many of studies throughout the world evidently concluded that the reliable and affordable credit helps the poor to come out from the vicious circles of poverty. This paper has made an attempt to describe the role of micro credit in eradication of poverty by estimating income generating opportunities and income levels raised by micro credit supplied through self-help groups which results in lifting the rural poor from the poverty crunch in Chittoor rural mandal of Andhra Pradesh
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF BAU-STR DRYER IN RURAL AREA OF BANGLADESH
Full text linkPaddy drying after harvest is important for reducing loss and storing long term. High moisture promotes the development of insects and molds that are harmful to the grain. It is necessary to adapt technology for drying paddy at small scale traders and farmers’ level as an alternative to traditional sun drying. The low cost BAU-STR dryer would be one of the alternative effective drying technologies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate technical and financial performance of BAU-STR dryer at the field level. The study of BAU-STR dryer was conducted during Boro Season, 2016 at selected areas of Mymensingh and Jessore districts. Air temperature inside grain bin was recorded using 3 ACR Smart Button data logger. Ambient air temperature was recorded using TRH-1000 sensor. Moisture content of the grain was measured at five locations in the BAU-STR dryer during drying operation. The dryer was evaluated with three verities: T1-SL 8, T2-Hybrid Taj, T3-BRRI dhan28 which consider as three treatments. The dryer capacity was 500 kg per batch. The results showed that the temperature and moisture distributions in BAU-STR dryer were uniform. Paddy was dried from moisture content 22.8 to 12.2% uniformly in between 2.5 to 4.8 hours for 500 kg dryer capacity in different treatments. The drying time for larger grain (T1-SL8) was less compared to other two varieties. The drying efficiency was about 52%, 65% and 52% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The operating cost of drying was found Tk. 0.87 per kg (diesel engine operated blower) for BAU-STR dryer. The benefit-cost ratio and payback period were found 1.9 and 0.28 yr for diesel engine operated BAU-STR dryer from the experiments at field level of Bangladesh
THE ROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF PETTY TRADERS IN PENANG: THE CASE OF PROGRAMS TITIAN SAKSAMA RAKYAT BY PENANG DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Full text linkThis paper aims to examine the impact of the Program Titian Saksama Rakyat (PTSR) to the petty traders. PTSR is a microfinance program which focuses on the growth and the development of the micro entrepreneurs in Penang, Malaysia. It was initiated by the Penang Development Corporation (PDC) in co-operation with the Penang State Government in November 2008. Based on the sample of 150 petty traders involved in various business activities, the results showed that the amount of the loan received has a significant effect on their income. In addition, this study revealed that the amount of the loan received and the actual amount of the loan application (whether it is fully approved or not) were significantly affect the success of these traders. The results of the analysis also indicated that, the traders enjoyed significant benefits from the PTSR as this program was able to increase their income, expand their business, lift them out of poverty, improve their ability to increase the amount of deposits and their property, improve the quality of their health and improve their ability to own a house and land. Because of these benefits, these traders are interested and plan to apply for another loan from the PTSR program. This study, therefore, suggests that the PTSR program should be continued as it played significant roles in improving the socio-economic performance of the petty traders
CENTERING VULNERABLE INTERESTS: THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOMEN’S PROTECTION MODEL FROM FIELD LESSONS
Full text linkThe position of women in Indonesian society is progressing. The progress trend is supported by several legal instruments and policies that guarantee women's rights. Although adequate legal instruments began, many implementations in the field are distorted. Implementation of the protection schemes for women does not address to the changing of the poor women’s living condition, instead it remains vulnerable. This action research was addressed to analyze and discuss the practices of state social protection for the poor communities, as well as the testimony of beneficiaries. Based on the field learning from both parties, activists from universities and non-governmental organizations, attempt was made to knit some state schemes and policies into a model of protection; it also aimed to facilitate access and accelerate changes
POOR HOUSEHOLDS’ CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY: THE CASE OF RURAL VIETNAM
Full text linkThis paper examines determinants of accessibility to rural poor households in Vietnam from the viewpoint of policy makers, credit institutions and poor households. From supply side annual report of provider will be cited, from demand side, VHLSS primary data provided by GSO will be used. Beside that semi-structured questionnaire survey will be conducted to collect qualitative information. Logit model is employed to investigate the determinants of their outstanding loan. The quantitative model’s results express that age, education, regional differentiation, industrial differentiation, land, asset affect to credit access of poor households. The qualitative analysis finds out some recommendations for adjustment the poverty reducing credit polic
COUNTERFEITS AND THEIR COSTS
Full text linkCounterfeiting is increasing and becoming a complicated issue across different countries in the world and Vietnam is not exceptional, so the policy makers and managers always try to find ways to face with the counterfeiting and reduce counterfeit products in the market. This paper attempts to investigate determinants that impact on consumers’ attitude toward non-deceptive counterfeit products and behavioral intention to purchase them. Using a data set collected from a sample of 176 consumers we found that social cost has an impact on consumers’ attitude and purchase intentiontoward counterfeit products. Moreover, the result indicates that intention to buy counterfeit products is influenced by consumers’ attitude toward these products. These findings suggest that companies should rely on the social cost as the main component of marketing communication messages to discourage consumption of fake products by implying the seriously harmful consequences of these goods to society and economy
SUSTAINABILITY OF HOUSEHOLDS’ SEAFOOD PROCESSING ACTIVITIES IN MEKONG DELTA
Full text linkSeafood processing industry including companies and households accounts for 35% of Mekong delta’s total agricultural output. The former mainly concentrates on exports; their processing activities are required and supervised to meet manycriteria of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility by foreign importers. Meanwhile, the latter’s production is for the local market; its processing activities mainly rely on experience and surrounding environment.This study focuses on sustainability of households’ seafood processing activities with three pillars including economic, social and environmental ones. The research sample of 300 households was collected in 6 provinces of Mekong deltaincluding Ben Tre, Ca Mau, Tien Giang, Dong Thap, Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu in July 2014. Research findings show that from the economic perspective, physical facilities are outdated; revenues and profits are not stable and household havemore difficulties in collecting materials, obtaining loans for their business and selling their products. In addition, from social perspective, the average income for seasonal workers is at low levels with 60% paid from 50 - 80 thousands VNDper day and 70% of surveyed households have members and seasonal workers suffering from syndromes of work-related diseases including sinusitis, rheumatism, dermatology, eye itching. Moreover, the environment surrounding seafood processing households is seriously polluted with 71% of households discharging untreated wastewater into nearby seas, rivers and canals and disposing solid wastes around their houses. Therefore, 80% of households fail to control and kill insects such as flies and bluebottles in their processing area, especially up to 50% failing to know the origins of anti-insect chemistries used. Based on these findings, this paper delivers implications and recommendations for the local government and households to improve the sustainability of households’ seafood processing activities in Mekong delta
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PERIPHERAL FISHING AREA: ARE THEY REAL ENTREPRENEURS?
Full text linkThe aim of the study is to investigate the decision making behaviour of the Malay women entrepreneurs at the peripheral area of Tok Bali, Kelantan Malaysia. Six respondents were observed and interviewed using in depth interview protocol. The in depth interview (IDI) transcripts concluded that most respondents venture into business is just to raise their respective families and solve their current financial problem instead of contributing to the economy of the area. Thus, the characteristics of entrepreneurship among them do not exist. Therefore, most of the respondents cannot be categorized as real entrepreneurs as most of their businesses are just small-scale businesses to support their family. However, they do bring a significant change to their family’s economy and play a role in changing their family’s economic condition but do not act as catalyst for the economic change for the peripheral area. It was also found that the most popular businesses in Tok Bali is “Fish crackers (‘i.e. Keropok’)” business and they have received the government's assistance such as capital, machinery, business training and business premises. The present study is exploratory in nature, thus researchers will only able to describe the situation instead of recommending what should be done to improve the situation. For further research, it is recommended that more extensive study to be done to gain more information on their decision making behaviour towards entrepreneurship and their attribution to success. More respondents should be interviewed to gauge more factors and issues. A mixed method with quantitative analysis will enrich the result