ASIAN JOURNAL FOR POVERTY STUDIES (AJPS)
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SOCIAL PROTECTIONS IN HEALTH AND EDUCATION THROUGH THE HOPE FAMILY PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY IN WANAYASA VILLAGE, WANAYASA SUB-DISTRICT, PURWAKARTA REGENCY
Full text linkHope Family Program (HFP) commenced in 2007 served as a part of social security for the very poor households (VPH) to get their descent out from the poverty trap. HFP is focused on health and education sectors since both sectors are the core for life improvement of society. It has been implemented in 33 provinces with varying effectiveness. The purposes of this study were to identify the effectiveness of HFP implementation in Wanayasa Village, Wanayasa Sub-district, Purwakarta Regency and to reveal various related aspects that could potentially impact the success of the program. The study was conducted using quantitative descriptive approach by involving 41 participants from VPH joining to HFP implemented in the village as the respondents. A SWOT analysis was performed to explore the underlying issues as to the effectiveness, coverage, and sustainability of the program. In most cases, the respondents acknowledged that HFP had been well implemented and the received cash was sufficient to cover the expenses for children education and health care. The performed SWOT analysis leads to some offered approaches for the program improvement in the villag
FOOD FULFILLMENT FOR CHILDREN UNDER FIVE BY FAMILY IN DISASTER RESERVE AREA
Full text linkThe ability of families to meet the food needs becomes one of the determining factors in the fulfillment of food of children under five. For the communities living in disaster areas, the situation can be further complicated by the conditions of the natural environment damaged by the disaster. This research describes the fulfillment of food of children under five, especially those aged between three to five years, by families who lived in disaster-prone areas. This research was conducted in Nagrakjaya Village, Curug kembar Subdistrict, Sukabumi Regency which is prone to earth movement disaster and part of its territory is considered as the red zone. The research employed a qualitative method using data obtained from parents informant of children under five, health cares, and community leaders. The aspects covered in this study were: food access, food availability, consumption pattern, coping strategy food, and food preparedness. The results showed that in terms of access to food, people obtained their foodstuffs depending on what was available to mobile vendors and small shops regardless of their financial ability to obtain food. Moreover, people did not provide special foods for toddlers. In dealing with difficult situations during the event of a disaster, people reliedon the provision of food from fellow citizens or small shop owners and outside help. People also felt no need to store food supplies for the possibility of difficult situations, both for adults and toddlers, even though toddlers have a different consumption pattern to adults and require balanced nutritional needs.As a recommendation, it is necessary to conduct campaigns and dissemination of healthy food for children under five to increase parents' knowledge about healthy consumption for children under five, especially in the disaster-prone areas
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICY IN SMES FACILITATING INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA: A CASE STUDY ON BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES PROVIDER
Full text linkSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important part in improving the Indonesia economy and, consequently, the government has a mandatory obligation to maintain their sustainability and development. The fact that government has a limitation in helping solve the problems the SMEs encounter, Business Development Service- Provider (BDS-P) can serve as an alternative partner in improving the performances and finding the solution for the problem faced by the SMEs. This research was conducted on BDS-P existing in Indonesia using the qualitative method to describe and to explore in-depth the role of government policy in BDS-P development in Indonesia. The primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while the secondary data were derived from the documentation, notes, and archives. From the data processing and data analysis, it could be concluded that the government policies concerning the development of BDS-P had resulted in the improvement of the ability and capacity of BDS-P in providing business services, dissemination of the BDS-P roles in developing SMEs, involvement of BDS-P in providing business service for SMEs, and the establishment of the standard on the competency certification for professional consultants/ facilitators
PERCEPTION OF SABAH LOCAL YOUTHS ON SOCIO –ECONOMIC PROSPECT TOWARDS CAREER IN OIL PALM PLANTATION
Full text linkSabah is the biggest state in contributing to the oil palm commodity in Malaysia with 1.54 million hectares of oil palm plantation and contributing 27.4 % of the total oil palm area in Malaysia. The potential and the opportunity of vacancy in this sector were very wide for local people in Sabah especially for the local youth. However the local youth in this state prefer to work in urban area especially most of them migrate to West Malaysia which offered more jobs in manufacturing and services sectors Due to this reason the more than 78 % of labour in this sectors mainly were foreign labour. The rising social issues of the illegal foreign workers and influx of the foreign workers without work permit work in Sabah. In addition another problem arises when the local youth migrate back to Sabah without job due to high of cost of leaving in urban area. This resulted social problem among the youth due to unemployment issue. This study was done in order to analyse the pull or push factors in constructing a particular pattern of perception among the selected respondents on socio economic prospect toward career in oil plantation. A survey method through structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 156 of local youth between 16 to 40 years of age as focused respondents which were selected using random sampling method. Descriptive statistic was applied in order to rank the factors according to demographic factors that affecting the factor of perception of local youth on socio- economic prospect towards career in oil palm plantation
CRYOPRESERVATION OF SPERMATOZOA OF THREATENED ASIAN STRIPED DWARF CATFISH Mystus Vittatus (BLOCH 1794) FOR EX-SITU CONSERVATION: AN APPROACH TO PROVERY ALLEVIATION
Full text linkCryopreservation is an important ex-situ conservation measure practiced successfully in fishes over the years. The effects of different extenders and cryoprotectants on the viability and fertilizing ability of cryopreserved sperm of Mystus vittatus were investigated in this study in order to develop a cryopreservation protocol. Milt was collected through sacrifice of males and was suspended in extender solutions. The concentration and pH of milt were found to be 7.9×109 - 8.1×109cells/ml and 8±0, respectively. Different concentrations of NaCl solutions (0.1% to 1.1%) were used to evaluate activation of sperm motility and it was decreased as the concentration of the NaCl solution increased. Sperm motility was completely inhibited at 1.1% and 0.8% NaCl solution with Alsever’s solution and Kurokura-2 solution respectively. Two extenders, Alsever’s and Kurokura-2 solutions and two cryoprotectants, Dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and methanol were employed to preserve the sperm. Ten percent cryoprotectants with both extenders, Alsever’s and Kurokura-2 solutions produced better motility after 5 and 10 min incubation. 15% cryoprotectant was found to be toxic to sperm. Alsever’s solution with 10% Me2SO showed better performance producing 77.5±1.4% and 58.8±1.25% equilibration and post-thaw motility than that of 73.8±3.15% and 52.5±2.5% with Kurokura-2 solution plus Me2SO respectively. Between two diluents, sperm preserved with Alsever’s solution plus Me2SO produced highest fertilization (70.0±7.07%) and hatching (37.5±13.7%), while those preserved with Kurokura-2 plus Me2SO produced 72.5±2.5% and 29.9±12.5% fertilization and hatching respectively. Fresh sperm yielded 85.0±0% fertilization and 48.0±15.5% hatching. The protocol developed through this study can be applied for long-term preservation of genetic materials of the threatened catfish M. vittatus and the cryopreserved sperm can be used in artificial breeding for broodstock development. Thus the protocol will help to propagate the new generation in hatcheries using cryopreserved sperm and make the fish available in captive culture systems as well as in wild which eventually helps to eradicate poverty
IMPACT OF DAIRY SUPPORT SERVICES AND STRATEGIES ON REDUCTION OF COST OF MILK PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN BANGLADESH: IMPLICATIONS FOR RURAL LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to analyse the impact of set of dairy supporting policies within the framework of the government ‘National Livestock Development Policy (NLDP)’ on the potential for reduction of cost of milk production in small-scale dairy farmers under different production systems. This study further aims at identifying the link among increasing household income and rural livelihoods-thus reducing poverty. This study applies the method developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN). The underlying principle of this method is the application of the concept of ‘Typical Farm Approach (TFA)’ and Technology Impact Policy Impact Calculations (TIPI-CAL) model. Three typical farms from three production systems (e.g. extensive, intensive and traditional) were selected from three agro-ecological zones. The required data collection was done in two steps: first, the data were collected from three baseline typical farms (status quo) operating without policy by applying the ‘Panel Approach’. In the second step, 10 different dairy supporting policy scenarios and technologies were simulated and applied in each of the base line farms in each production system and data were collected from 30 farms using the base farm as the status quo farm. The data were analysed by utilizing the extended version of TIPI-CAL (Technology Impact Policy Impact Calculations) model (TIPI-CAL software version 5.1). The results showed that improved dairy support services: improved veterinary services (IM-VHS), improved marketing access (IM-MKS), improved feeding and nutritional services (IM-FNS), community based fodder production system (CB-FPS), national breeding programme (NL-BRP) showed the highest impact on increasing milk productivity, decreasing milk production cost, increasing income from dairy and overall household income in all three production systems compared with base line farms. However, the magnitude of the impacts substantially differs among the production systems. This study also reveals that that there is a direct link among increasing income and reducing poverty since the household income increases as a result of implementing dairy support services to a level above the poverty line (1.9 US$/day equivalent to 147.96 BDT). This study results could be useful for prioritizing the policies on delivery of support services and technology and are expected to be helpful as a benchmark to implement the ‘draft policy proposal’ by the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MOFL) in Bangladesh
ON-FARM GROWER-FRIENDLY NURSERY TECHNIQUE FOR ACCLIMATIZATION OF TISSUE-CULTURED BANANA SEEDLINGS
Full text linkBanana is one of the common fruit preferences in the world. The market demand for this crop increasing year round. Tissue-cultured banana seedlings are getting widely used as planting materials among the growers for its quality assured properties, particularly for commercial plantation. However, most of the small scale growers are still using conventional planting sources (water suckers and sword suckers). They do not prefer tissue-cultured seedlings due to its expensive price, delicate to handle and often result in high post-transplanting mortality rate. The considerably high cost is due to the process of producing the tissue-cultured seedlings at the nursery stage (acclimatization). Even at the nursery stage, the conventional acclimatization process of the plantlets in the nursery results in non-uniformity of establishment and high mortality rate. The research was conducted to develop a nursery technique that will improve these drawbacks in order to improve greater acceptance and responsive level for the growers towards tissue-cultured seedlings. Based on the results, the developed technique has increased the survival rate (reducing mortality rate) of seedlings as compared to the conventional technique. In addition, this developed technique can be adopted on-farm instead of using protected nursery as conventionally practiced. Using this technique, the seedlings would be more easily adapted to the farm after transplanting. Ordinary farmers prefer younger seedlings (10-15cm in height) for planting as they grow faster than that of older seedlings with common quality (15-25cm in height). Girth size of seedlings would be the higher consideration in meeting the requirement for transplanting purpose. The developed technique has shown better growth performance in both height and girth parameters in the first 36 days as compared to conventional technique. Meaning that this helps to shorten the nursery period and create an alternative standard for seedlings to be transplanted
POVERTY REDUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH GOAT REARING
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine household in goat keeping farms having more than two goats with respect to its viability, socioeconomic characteristics of the women goat keepers, contribution of small scale goat farming to food security and livelihood, identify major problems associated with small scale goat famers. The study had been conducted in 6 villages namely Kandhapara, Hossainpur, Merigai, Horinadi Shimulia and Nagua of Phulpur upazila in Mymensingh district. In total 60 farmers comprising 07 medium, 43 poor and 10 most vulnerable or extreme poor farmers were randomly for the study. Primary data were collected from the selected farmers by interview method. Both tabular and financial analyses were done to achieve the objectives. The study revealed that most of the women were poor with small family size. However they were young and literate. The study clearly indicated that investment in goat farming were viable. The annual total cost of production per Black Bengal goat was BDT. 3,374, while gross return and net return per household were BDT.21,276 and BDT.17,902 respectively. It was observed that livelihood increased dramatically through goat rearing in the study area. Annual food purchasing capacity increased from 20 to 28 percent. The social status of the farmer?s family increases. Educational status, festival, health facilities acceptance were increased at 19%, 26% and 28% through goat. The position in the family, participation in social activities, water facilities and sanitation also increased remarkably. The study also identified that the goat farmers had been facing some crucial problems with goat keeping. If these problems could be overcome, all the goat farms would be able to earn a higher level of that of the existing level. It was clearly found that the women who reared goat had the most rapid improvement in livelihood
RELEASE OF CLONE BT19 AND BT20 FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN TEA SECTOR OF BANGLADESH
Full text linkBangladesh is a country of 140 million populations where poverty reduction is the prior challenge. With a low level of per capita income, Bangladesh needs to formulate a multi-sectorial strategy for poverty reduction. As Bangladesh is an agricultural based country poverty can be minimized by enhancing agricultural inputs to maximize our production. Tea is an important cash crop in our country. Vast population directly or indirectly depends on our tea industry. The present study was conducted to investigate yield, quality and drought performance of the two newly released variety named BT19 and BT20 by Bangladesh Tea Research Institute. The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Tea Research Institute experimental farm where four test clones namely Sh/D/11/313, A/8/8, A/17/7, A/22/39 and a well renowned Indian clone TV1 used as a control. The experimental result revealed that amongst the four test clones A/17/7 and A/8/8 are statistically more high yielder and drought tolerant than the control. A/17/7 is more high yielding than A/8/8 but A/8/8 is more drought tolerant. So considering yield, quality and drought potentials, the test clone A/17/7 and A/8/8 have recently released as BT19 and BT20 respectively which can be used as improved planting material in our tea growing areas by small growers and small holders to increase our production, quality as well as job opportunities and national income to eradicate our poverty
POVERTY ALLEVIATION OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN HAOR AREA THROUGH FARMING SYSTEMS
Full text linkThe project entitled “Livelihood Improvement of Farming Community in Haor Area through System Approach (LIFCHASA)” of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University; Mymensingh worked in Purbo Tethulia village of Mohanganj Upazila under Netrakona district from April 2010 to June 2013 with the financial assistance from The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Different research activities were done as per plan for different five components. The Crop and Agroforestry Component conducted experiments both in the homestead land and crop land. Under Livestock Component, experiments were conducted on rearing of egg producing hen, duck, fattening of animals, artificial insemination and continuous vaccination programme. In the Fisheries Component, experiments on cage culture in open water emerged as a promising technology. From the result of the soil sample analysis of the research site under Rural Hydrology and Mechanization Component, it was found that additional application of sulphur and zinc fertilizers were unnecessary. From the study under Socioeconomic Component, it was distinctly clear that the efficiency of marginal and small farms was improved in agro economic productivity with the increase of number of farming enterprises intervened irrespective of farm sizes. The marginal and small farmers appeared to be the most efficient performers in the integration and arrangement of farming enterprises. This was followed by landless and medium farms. The gross margin for marginal and small, landless and medium increased by 84%, 89% and 50 %, respectively involving the enterprises like crop and agroforestry, livestock and fisheries. The findings of 25 physical models on integrated farming systems revealed that the agro-economic/bio-economic productivity of all those models increased tremendously in terms of total production, biodiversity, human resource enlightened with knowledge, skill and motivational spirit in modern techniques and technologies