RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya
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VOICE SYSTEMS IN MANGGARAI: HOW SEMANTIC ROLES BEHAVE IN THE CLAUSES
Full text linkThis research evaluates Klamer's statement that says several languages in the Lesser Sunda Islands (and some languages in Sulawesi) do not have passive constructions. Therefore, this study aims to prove whether the Manggarai language has passive construction forms with different semantic roles. The data used in this study are clauses in the Manggarai language that contain five semantic role arguments: actor, patient, benefactive, instrumental, and locative. This is done by examining the semantic role argument to be positioned as the subject. The results show that the Manggarai language is indeed a language that has two voices, which means that active and passive constructions exist. However, Manggarai does not experience morphological changes in the verbs but is marked by the emergence of prepositions when changed into passive constructions. In the Kempo dialect of the Manggarai language, the preposition le ‘by’ not only introduces actors in passive constructions but also serves to introduce instrumental roles in active sentences. The preposition latang 'for' introduces a benefactive argument in both active and passive constructions. Preposition one ‘in/on’ serves to introduce a locative argument in active and passive clauses
MEANING-FOCUSED INSTRUCTION (MFI) VS. FORM-FOCUSED INSTRUCTION (FFI): METAREFLECTION ON BIPA GRAMMAR LEARNING
Full text linkThe purpose of this research is to explore the beliefs of BIPA (Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers) instructors and learners regarding grammar instruction. This research is a descriptive-quantitative study. The subjects consist of 10 BIPA instructors and 20 BIPA learners from UPT BIPA Muhammadiyah Malang University, CIS BIPA State University of Malang, IAIN Surakarta Language Center, and UPT BIPA State University of Medan. The research data include quantitative and qualitative data related to the beliefs that BIPA instructors and learners regarding the instructional framework for grammar learning. Data were collected through a questionnaire adapted from Burgess and Etherington (2022) and interviews. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis, referring to the beliefs of BIPA instructors and learners regarding grammar instruction. The data analysis results showed that there are differences in beliefs between BIPA learners and instructors regarding the instructional model for teaching Indonesian grammar. BIPA learners believe that Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) is more effective in mastering Indonesian grammar because it focuses on rules and is taught explicitly and deductively, allowing learners to directly understand the target language rules. In contrast, instructors believe that Meaning-Focused Instruction (MFI) is the most suitable instructional model for teaching Indonesian grammar because it focuses on communicative aspects and taught implicitly and inductively, enabling learners to better apply the target language rules. To accommodate these differences in beliefs, an instructional model is needed to accommodate it with the following stages: (1) exposure, (2) formulation of grammar rules, (3) reinforcement of grammar rules, and (4) the use of grammar rules
THE MEANING OF SINGGI PASSIKOLA IN THE KADA TOMINAA DISCOURSE FOR TORAJA COMMUNITIES
Full text linkSinggi' passikola in Kada Tomina's discourse as one of the cultural assets contains messages that are meaningful to the Toraja people. This study used a qualitative approach to analyze the meaning of singgi' passikola utterances for the Toraja people. The research data was speech units in passikola singgi' obtained through interviews and speech recordings from Tomina. The research findings showed that the utterances of singgi passikola in the Kada Tomina discourse contain message meanings that have character values for Toraja people struggling to seek knowledge and who have completed their education. The message's meaning included enthusiasm in studying and working, being wise, adhering to God's teachings, having social concern, being humble, and having a stance. Therefore, singgi' passikola, as a part of cultural property, was also a vehicle for conveying educational messages to the Toraja people. The results of this study have significance for the preservation of the local culture of the Toraja people. In addition, the findings of this study can be a reference in developing the theory and discussion for further research. In the education context, these findings can be used as material for consideration in compiling a local content curriculum by utilizing local wisdom as a learning resource.
PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF ACEHNESE LANGUAGE: X-BAR ANALYSIS
Full text linkThis research aims to analyze the passive construction in Acehnese Language (AL) by using X- Bar Theory which utilized the oral, written, and the data created by the researcher as the native speaker. This research was conducted in the area of Aceh Besar, Aceh Pidie, and Aceh Utara. There were 12 informants selected and the data were taken orally, and in a written manner. The data collection was conducted through recording technique and note taking technique. After collecting the data, the researcher applied introspection technique through elicitation technique. The result of this research exhibits that the passive construction in Acehnese Language is in the form of syntactical passive. There is no morphological passive form discovered in this language because there is no marker found in the verb as the passive marker morphologically. Besides that, verb in Acehnese Language is aligned with subject as the agent of an action in the active construction. In the passive construction, the verb must agree with the action which functions as the complementary. In order to determine the passive construction in this language, the constituents in the sentence must be viewed holistically. The only one passive marker that can be identified is the preposition of le ‘by’. Based on the X-Bar analysis conducted to show the passive construction in Acehnese Language it is found that specifier, complement, and adverb play important roles to construct it. Specifier is an internal structure that is required to be positioned by NP, and is combined to become I’ and form IP
DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN EXPRESSION OF MAGICAL POWER ON THE WALLS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Full text linkThis study aims to describe the form of directive speech act, mode, and function in expression of magical power on the walls of elementary school at Karesidenan Surakarta. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data are in the form of words, expressions, and sentences contained expression of magical power on the walls of elementary school at Karesidenan Surakarta. Analyzing data of the research uses referential equivalent, pragmatic, translational, and distribution methods of reading markup techniques. Collecting data uses the documentation method. The results show that first, the expression of magical power on the walls of elementary school at Karesidenan Surakarta indicate two forms of speech acts, namely direct speech act and indirect speech act. Second, the sentence mode used is the imperative mode, the obligative mode, and the declarative-imperative mode. Third, the existing speech act function consists of imperative mode (order, appeal, prohibiting, and invitation/exclamation), obligative mode functions to require, and declarative-imperative mode functions to assert, remind, advise, propose/offer/suggest, governing, and threatening. The novelty of this research found that the expression of magical power on the walls of elementary school generally uses an indirect strategy. The strategy is expressed through a declarative sentence but has an imperative mode with the aim of smoothing the command to the reader. It is intended that the reader follows the command in the expression of magical power on the walls of elementary school
Masculinity in Metropop Novel
Full text linkMasculinity refers to the ideal nature of male constructed by society. Developments in various sectors make masculinity grows, which one is metrosexual male. Metrosexual are men who are identified as men whoare very concerned with appearances that emerge as the impact of popular culture and hedonism lifestyle on modern urban society. In this study, the masculinity of metrosexual characters in the metropop novels is examined. Masculinity in metropop novels shows masculinity with an urban life setting that puts forward aspect of appearance like an attractive face, fashion that relies on fashion trends and particular brands, and economic financial stability
WOMEN BODY AND ITS FUNCTIONS IN DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE: SEXUAL COMMODITY, SEXUAL PLEASURE, AND REPRODUCTIVE NATURE
Full text linkThis research aims to show how women’s bodies and their functions shape the role of women in dystopian society reflected in Blade Runner 2049. Cyborgfeminism theory by Donna Haraway and postgenderism theory by James Hughes and George Dvorsky with a qualitative method are used to analyze the corpus. The results show that the role of women in the dystopian society functions as a human’s reproduction while women’s body is viewed as sexual commodities and valued for its sexual pleasure. In conclusion, this research can be used as a foreshadowing of how women and their roles will be in a dystopian society where the near-future capabilities of Artificial Intelligence and robotics may provide men as the superior gender which can dominate over the bodies and existence of women
REVITALIZATION OF JAVANESE IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT IN ERA 4.0: LINGUISTICS LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE
No full textThe research discusses the revitalization of Javanese in a school environment from a landscape linguistic perspective. This research is conducted based on the phenomenon that in the era of 4.0 Javanese mastery of the younger generation is inadequate. The data of this research are Javanese texts on public space media placed in the Special Region of Yogyakarta school environment. The research method is carried out by observing, photographing data, classifying data, and analyzing data. The research aims to describe the revitalization of the Javanese in public space media in the school environment from the aspects of language situations, language codes, Javanese writing order, written form, form, function, and local wisdom values. The results show that the revitalization of the Javanese language based on situation aspects and language codes are divided into three types, namely monolingual (Javanese), bilingual (Javanese and Indonesian), and multilingual (Javanese, Indonesian, English, and Arabic). Based on the order of writing, Javanese is placed in the order of first, second, third, fourth, and only Javanese. Based on the form of writing, Javanese is categorized into three types, namely Javanese, Latin character, and a combination of Javanese and Latin. Based on the form realization, Javanese is classified into eight types, namely room names, expressions, phatic expressions, proverbs, philosophies, appeals, prose, and slogans. Based on the function, Javanese is categorized into four types, namely information, advice, appeal, and greeting. Based on the values of local wisdom, Javanese contains teachings about ethics and morals, philosophy of life, religion, preserving the environment, maintaining health, tolerance, work ethic, cooperation, and preserving Javanese script
Attitude, Solidarity, and Social Change in Indonesian Presidential Debate 2019
Full text linkThe research aimed to identify the solidarity and social change represented by the presidents’ attitudes in the debates. The research applied positive discourse analysis purposed by Martin (2004) and the appraisal framework, especially the attitude system purposed by Martin and White (2005). The results showed that Prabowo used more attitudes in his argument than Jokowi. Prabowo tended to use more judgements and appreciations to show his attitudes. On the other hand, Jokowi preferred to use affect, which is desire and trust, to express his attitude. Solidarities were performed in their attitudes by means of concern toward audiences and by means of respect between appraisers. Thus solidarities are responsible for bringing social changes such as habits, behavior, mindset, value, and norms, and also in terms of the developments of technology and transportation
NETIZEN'S LANGUAGE POLICY IN COMMENTING NADIEM MAKARIM INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT ABOUT ONLINE LEARNING
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to see how polite netizens are in commenting on Nadiem Makarim's Instagram account, Minister of Education and Culture. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The data is sourced from the Instagram account (@nadiemmakariem), speech or writing in the comments of Nadiem Makarim's first post on August 17, 2020, the focus of the data is comments about online learning. The results showed that comments about online learning on Nadiem Makarim's posts were dominated by netizens who used polite speech or obeyed the principles of politeness. Comments that are found a lot are comments from school children and students for schools to be reactivated or they want schools to be opened and face to face. This is certainly a spirit that appears from the students and a positive thing. Complying with the netizen's politeness principle in commenting on Nadiem Makarim's Instagram account, there are 85 utterances or comments. Meanwhile, there are 54 violations of the netizen's politeness principles.