Damianus Journal of Medicine
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HUBUNGAN ANTARA DEPRESI DAN MEROKOK PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI JAKARTA
Full text linkIntroduction: The number of depressed adolescent and adolescent smoker in Indonesia has increased quite dramatically. The literature suggests that smokers are more likely to be depressed, while depressed people are more likely to smoke.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between depression and smoking among junior high school students in Jakarta.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at junior high school in Central Jakarta. In total, 407 students, grade 9 to 11 were participated (47.9% males and 52.1% females). Questionnaires on depression and smoking were distributed, including BDI-II questionnaire for depression which had been validated into Indonesian language, and questionnaire for smoking assessed by using single question that classified the respondents’ smoking habit as daily smoker, irregular smoker, former smoker, and nonsmoker.
Results: This study revealed a significant association between depression and smoking in junior high school students (p=0.000, OR=2.502). Among 30.2% students who were depressed, 2.5% were daily smokers, 5.4% were irregular smokers, 10.8% were former smokers, and 11.5% were nonsmokers.
Conclusion: Depression increases the risk of smoking by 2.5 times in adolescents, suggesting that smoking prevention may need to be combined with depression prevention and treatment.Latar Belakang: Jumlah remaja yang depresi dan merokok di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang cukup tajam. Literatur-literatur menunjukkan bahwa remaja yang merokok memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi untuk mengalami depresi dan remaja yang depresi memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi untuk merokok.
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara depresi dan merokok pada siswa SMPN 273.
Metode: Penelitian analitik cross-sectional ini dilakukan di SMPN 273, Jakarta Pusat. Responden adalah 407 siswa SMPN 273 kelas 7, 8, dan 9 (47.9% siswa laki-laki dan 52.1% siswa perempuan) yang mengisi kuesioner depresi dan merokok. Depresi dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner BDI-II yang telah divalidasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, sedangkan merokok dinilai dengan satu pertanyaan yang membagi responden menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu perokok setiap hari, perokok kadang-kadang, mantan perokok, dan bukan perokok.
Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara depresi dan merokok pada siswa SMPN 273 (p = 0.000, OR = 2.502). Dari 30.2% siswa yang mengalami depresi, 2.5% siswa adalah perokok setiap hari, 5.4% siswa adalah perokok kadang-kadang, 10.8% siswa adalah mantan perokok, dan 11.5% siswa adalah bukan perokok.
Kesimpulan: Depresi meningkatkan risiko remaja untuk merokok sebesar 2.5 kali. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pencegahan merokok pada remaja perlu disertai dengan pencegahan dan tatalaksana terhadap depresi
Hubungan Fungsi Kognitif Dengan Keseimbangan Pada Lansia Di Jakarta
Full text linkIntroduction: The world is entering an aging population. With aging comes many challenges due to changes of the brain structure that affect both cognitive function and balance. The amount of cognitive function and balance impairment cases in the elderly are rising. If left unattended, it can cause numerous adverse effects in the elderly, eventually leading to the loss of the ability to perform activities of daily living. Studies have observed the relationship between cognitive impairment and balance in Indonesia, but only a few were conducted in Jakarta, specifically among elders in the nursing home. This study is aimed to observe the association between cognitive function and balance in the elderly.Methods: This is a secondary analysis using a previous study conducted in PSTW Budi Mulia Jakarta in 2016. Demographic data, cognitive function, and balance were assessed using the demographic questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Statistical analysis is conducted using IBM SPSS Ver 22.Results: Most respondents were female, aged 60-69 years old, had low education level, good MMSE score (53,3%), and a normal BBS (90,7%) score. We found a significant relationship between cognitive functions and balance (p=0,045).Conclusion: Cognitive function is related to balance impairment in the elderly.
Key Words: balance, cognitive function, elderlyPendahuluan: Jumlah penduduk lansia semakin meningkat di seluruh dunia. Dengan bertambahnya populasi lansia, terjadi beberapa masalah baru akibat proses degeneratif pada otak yang dapat mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif dan keseimbangan. Jumlah kasus lansia yang mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif dan keseimbangan akan terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu dan dapat mengakibatkan gangguan dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Namun, jumlah penelitian mengenai hubungan fungsi kognitif dengan keseimbangan di Indonesia, khususnya pada lansia di Jakarta masih rendah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fungsi kognitif terhadap keseimbangan pada lansia.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian pada tahun 2016 yang dilakukan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia Jakarta. Data demografi, fungsi kognitif, dan keseimbangan dinilai dengan kuesioner identitas, instrumen Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Uji statistik dilakukan dengan IBM SPSS ver 22.Hasil: Responden pada penelitian ini didominasi oleh lansia berusia 60-69 tahun, perempuan, memiliki tingkat pendidikan rendah, dengan fungsi kognitif (53,3%) dan keseimbangan (90,7%) yang baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin dan fungsi kognitif terhadap keseimbangan.Simpulan: Fungsi kognitif berkaitan dengan gangguan keseimbangan pada lansia.
Kata Kunci: fungsi kognitif, keseimbangan, lansi
UJI SINERGITAS ANTIFUNGAL FLUCONAZOLE DENGAN MINYAK ATSIRI CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS TERHADAP JAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS
No full textIntroduction: Candida albicans is a common human flora. However, if the amount is above average, it can cause a disease called candidiasis. Fluconazole is an antifungal medication that can cure candidiasis but its number of resistance is increasing. Therefore alternative treatments are needed like using herbs. Cymbopogon citratus essential oil is proven to have an antifungal effect. The purpose of this study is to see the synergistic antifungal effect of fluconazole combined with lemongrass against C. albicans.
Methods: Experimental study design was used in this research and conducted in vitro. C. citratus was extracted with hydrodistillation method. Disc diffusion method was performed using MHA agar with Glucose 2% and methylene blue. Lemongrass essential oil concentration that are used are 2,5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% using tween as a solvent.
Results: Minimum concentration of lemongrass essential oil that could inhibit C. albicans growth is 10% with average diameter of inhibition zone 10 mm. Minimum concentration of fluconazole combined with lemongrass essential oil that could inhibit C. albicans growth is 2,5% with average diameter 21,3333 mm. Average diameter of inhibition zone by fluconazole combined with lemongrass essential oil is greater than fluconazole’s inhibition zone added with lemongrass essential oil inhibition zone alone, therefore fluconazole combined with C. citratus essential oil work synergistically.
Conclusion: There is a synergistic antifungal effect of fluconazole combined with C. citratus essential oil against C. albicans.
Key Words: Candida albicans, Cymbopogon citratus, fluconazole, synergisticABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Candida albicans merupakan flora normal yang dapat ditemukan di dalam tubuh, jika berada pada jumlah diatas normal, C. albicans dapat menyebabkan penyakit kandidiasis. Penyakit kandidiasis dapat diobati dengan fluconazole, tetapi angka resistensi fluconazole semakin meningkat. Maka diperlukan alternatif lain seperti tanaman herbal. Cymbopogon citratus merupakan tanaman yang terbukti memiliki efek antifungal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah fluconazole dengan minyak atsiri C. citratus dapat bekerja sinergis menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans.
Metode: Desain pada penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental yang dilakukan secara in vitro. C. citratus diekstraksi dengan metode distilasi air. Metode uji yang dilakukan adalah dengan metode difusi cakram pada agar Mueller-Hinton dengan glukosa 2% dan methylene blue. Konsentrasi minyak atsiri C. citratus yang dipakai adalah 2,5%, 5%, 10%, dan 20% dilarutkan dengan tween.
Hasil: Konsentrasi minimal minyak atsiri C. citratus menghasilkan adanya hambatan pada pertumbuhan C. albicans pada konsentrasi 10% dengan rata-rata diameter zona inhibisi 10 mm. Konsentrasi minimal kombinasi fluconazole dengan C. citratus menghambat pertumbuhan C. albicans pada konsentrasi 2,5% dengan rata-rata diameter zona inhibisi 21,3333 mm. Kombinasi fluconazole dengan minyak atsiri C. citratus memiliki diameter zona inhibisi lebih besar dibandingkan dengan zona inhibisi minyak atsiri ditambah dengan zona inhibisi fluconazole sehingga fluconazole dengan minyak atsiri C. citratus teruji sinergis.
Simpulan: Terdapat sinergitas antifungal fluconazole dan minyak atsiri C. citratus terhadap pertumbuhan jamur C. albicans.
Kata Kunci: Candida albicans, Cymbopogon citratus, Fluconazole, Sinergita
PENGGUNAAN GAWAI DAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI JAKARTA UTARA
Full text linkBackground: The growth of gadgets and social media usage among children might affect their physical activity. It shows that high internet usage among elementary school children will incur low physical activity. It is an overweight risk factor for children that might lead into growth and/or development disorder.
Methods: Observational analysis with a cross-sectional approach among elementary school children grades 4-6 in North Jakarta with purposive sampling. Physical activity was identified using Physical Activity Questionnaire of Children (PAQ-C). Nutritional status based on examination of height, weight and calculation of body mass index. The analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test.
Results: There were 322 children from 3 different elementary schools in North Jakarta consisting of 136 (42.2%) female and 186 (57.8%) male. Approximately 160 (47.5%) subjects have no parental supervision during gadgets usage and 54 (16.8%) have not had education in regards to the matter. There are 246 (76.3%) subjects have social media account with Facebook as the most frequently use application. Most of subjects (50.3%) using gadgets more than 4 hours per day. There were 256 (79.5%) subjects with low physical activity and 111 (34.5%) overweight children. The gadgets usage duration did not have a significant correlation with body mass index (p>0.05;r=0.21) but had a significant correlation with physical activity (p<0.05;r =0,33).
Conclusion: Majority of elementary school children are social media active user and using gadgets with minimal parental supervision and assistance. This circumstance among children has significant correlation with their physical activities.Latar Belakang: Tingginya perilaku penggunaan gawai dan media sosial mempengaruhi aktifitas fisik pada anak dan remaja. Terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan penggunaan internet bahkan pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Fenomena ini mengakibatkan rendahnya aktivitas fisik yang merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya gizi lebih pada anak yang dapat berdampak terjadinya gangguan metabolik saat dewasa.
Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar (SD) kelas 4-6 dengan penggunaan gawai.
Metode: Analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada anak sekolah dasar negeri (SDN) kelas 4-6 di Jakarta Utara. Pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Aktivitas fisik diketahui dengan menggunakan kuesioner aktivitas fisik. Status gizi berdasarkan pemeriksaan tinggi badan, berat badan dan perhitungan index massa tubuh. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman.
Hasil : Terdapat 322 anak dari 3 SDN di Jakarta Utara yang terdiri dari 42.2% subjek perempuan dan 57.8% laki-laki.Sekitar 47.5% subjek tidak mendapat pendampingan dan 16.8% subjek tidak pernah mendapat edukasi berkaitan penggunaan gawai. Anak dengan aktivitas fisik rendah 79.5% , sedang 18.9% , tinggi1.6% dengan anak Indeks massa tubuh lebih 34.5%. Lamanya penggunaan gawai per hari, tidak memiliki korelasi dengan IMT (p >0,05) namun memiliki korelasi dengan aktifitas fisik dengan (p<0.05).
Kesimpulan: Sebagian anak sekolah dasar tidak mendapatkan pendampingan dari orang tua saat penggunaan gawai. Penggunaan gawai berkorelasi positif dengan rendahnya aktivitas fisik yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko anak memiliki gangguan tumbuh kembang.
Kata kunci: aktivitas fisik, Indeks massa tubuh, gawa
HUBUNGAN ANTARA POLA MAKAN DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE DUA
Full text linkPendahuluan: Pola makan merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang ikut mempengaruhi munculnya diabetes melitus.Pola makan masyarakat Indonesia saat ini didominasi oleh sumber karbohidrat terutama beras, disertai dengan konsumsi gula, garam, dan lemak yang berlebih.
Metode: Pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan dari bulan September 2018 – Agustus 2019 dari Puskesmas Rawa Buntu, Puskesmas Serpong 1, RW 13 & 15 Kecamatan Penjaringan.. Pengambilan data pola makan dilakukan dengan cara cross-sectional menggunakan 24-hr food recall, diisi oleh peneliti dengan menggunakan alat bantu porsi saji. Kadar glukosa darah sewaktu diambil menggunakan glucose strip test. Jumlah responden mencapai 96 orang, dengan kriteria inklusi diatas 25 tahun dan kriteria eksklusi tidak memiliki tipe diabetes selain tipe dua. Hasil 24-hr food recall diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi nutrisurvey, kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Uji chi-square untuk hubungan antara pola makan dengan kadar glukosa darah untuk ketiga faktor pola makan (jadwal p=0,617; jenis p=0,780; Jumlah p=0,893) mendapatkan nilai p>0,05.
Simpulan: Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara pola makan dengan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe dua di Kecamatan Serpong dan Kecamatan Penjaringan.
 
Indeks Massa Tubuh Paling Berpengaruh Terhadap Rasio Extracellular Mass/Body Cell Mass
No full textABSTRACT
Background: Extracellular mass/body cell mass (ECM/BCM) ratio is a independent predictor mortality in nutritional status and certain chronic disease. ECM/BCM ratio is influenced by various factors such as muscle mass, blood cells, bone mass, tendons, total body water, and certain chronic diseases.
Objective: Determine factors associated with elderly ECM/BCM ratio in Jakarta nursing home.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in four nursing home in Jakarta. Nutritional status measured with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Mid-Arm Circumference (MAC), and calf circumference (CC) using measurement. ECM/BCM ratio is measured using Maltron Bioscan 916, Pearson correlation and Kendall's Tau B were used for bivariate analysis. Simple linear regression was used for multivariate analysis.
Results: A total of 74 subjects were recruited (mean age 72.12 years, 71.6% women). Body mass index (p<0.05), WC (p<0.05), and CC (p<0.05) were negatively associated with ECM/BCM ratio, while MNA score (p<0.05) and age (p<0.05) were positively associated with ECM/BCM ratio. There wasn't any significant difference in TBW between male and female elderly. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, BMI was negatively associated with ECM/BCM ratio (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Significant relationship were found independently between MNA score, BMI, WC,MAC, and age with ECM/BCM ratio. Body mass index is the main factor associated with ECM/BCM ratio in the elderly in Jakarta nursing homes. Our findings suggest that elderly with lower BMI have higher ECM/BCM ratio.ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Rasio Extracellular Mass/Body Cell Mass (ECM/BCM) merupakan suatu independen prediktor mortalitas dalam status nutrisi dan penyakit kronis tertentu. Rasio ECM/BCM dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti massa otot, sel darah, tulang, tendon, dan jumlah cairan dalam tubuh.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observatif analitik cross-sectional dengan pendekatan analisis data sekunder (ADS) dilakukan pada 74 lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia, DKI Jakarta. Data usia dan jenis kelamin didapatkan melalui survei. Pengukuran status nutrisi dilakukan dengan skor Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar pinggang, lingkar lengan atas, dan lingkar betis. Pengukuran rasio ECM/BCM menggunakan alat Maltron Bioscan 916. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 22.
Hasil: Rerata usia responden penelitian ini adalah 72.12 tahun dan didominasi wanita (71.6%). Uji Pearson menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dan berpengaruh negatif antara IMT, lingkar pinggang, dan lingkar lengan atas terhadap rasio ECM/BCM, sedangkan skor MNA memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dan berpengaruh positif terhadap rasio ECM/BCM. Uji Kendall's Tau B menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dan berpengaruh positif antara usia terhadap rasio ECM/BCM. Hasil uji regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan IMT merupakan faktor yang paling berperan terhadap rasio ECM/BCM.
Simpulan : Indeks massa tubuh, skor MNA, lingkar pinggang, lingkar lengan atas, dan usia berhubungan terhadap rasio ECM/BCM pada lansia di PTSW Budi Mulia, Jakarta dengan IMT sebagai prediktor utama
HUBUNGAN OBESITAS, HIPERGLIKEMIA DAN HIPERTENSI TERHADAP SARKOPENIA PADA LANSIA DI PUSAKA KALIDERES, JAKARTA BARAT 2019-2020
No full textIntroduction: Aging and physical disability are often associated with hypertension, obesity and blood sugar levels which are important factors in the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.This study aims to determine the relationship between obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and sarcopenia among the elderly at PUSAKA Kalideres, West Jakarta.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study consisting of 107 respondents aged ≥ 60 years at PUSAKA Kalideres, West Jakarta from September 2019 to November 2019. The dependent variable studied was sarcopenia, while the independent variables of the study were obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension. The criteria for sarcopenia are based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Obesity is categorized if the BMI is ≥ 25 kg, hyperglycemia if the fasting blood sugar level is ≥100 mg / dL, hypertension if the blood pressure is ≥140 / 90 mmHg.
Results: Based on 107 respondents, most of them were aged 65 years (62.6%) and most of them were female (70.1%). The results showed 30 respondents (28%) sarcopenia, 51 respondents (47.7%) obesity, 24 respondents (22.4%) hyperglycemia, and 31 respondents (29%) hypertension. Based on bivariate analysis, it shows that age and obesity have a significant relationship with sarcopenia p = 0.006 (p> ) and obesity p = 0.022 (p> ). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age and non-obesity were associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.005; OR = 4.734; CI = 1.587 - 14.122 and obesp = 0.015; OR = 0.309; CI = 0.120 - 0.796).
Conclusion: Age is a risk factor for sarcopenia in the elderly and those who are not obese have a greater risk of developing sarcopenia.Pendahuluan: Penuaan dan kecacatan fisik seringkali dikaitkan dengan hipertensi , obesitas dan kadar gula darah yang merupakan faktor penting dalam perkembangan sindrom metabolik dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas, hiperglikemia dan hipertensi pada sarkopenia pada lansia di PUSAKA Kalideres Jakarta Barat.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif analitik potong lintang yang terdiri dari 107 responden berusia 60 tahun di PUSAKA Kalideres Jakarta Barat pada bulan September 2019 hingga November 2019. Variabel dependen yang diteliti adalah sarkopenia, sedangkan variabel independent penelitian adalah obesitas, hiperglikemia dan hipertensi. Kriteria sarcopenia berdasarkan Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Dikategorikan obesitas apabila IMT ≥ 25 kg, hiperglikemia apabila kadar gula darah puasa ≥100 mg/dL, hipertensi apabila tekanan darah ≥140/90 mmHg.
Hasil: Berdasarkan 107 responden sebagian besar berusia ≥65 tahun (62,6%) dan sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan (70,1%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 30 responden (28%) sarkopenia, 51 responden (47,7%) obesitas, 24 responden (22,4%) hiperglikemia, dan 31 responden (29%) hipertensi. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia dan obesitas memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan sarkopenia dengan nilai usia p = 0,006 dan obesitas p = 0,022. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia dan kondisi tidak obesitas berhubungan dengan sarkopenia (p = 0,005; OR = 4,734; CI = 1,587 – 14,122 dan obesitas = 0,015; OR = 0,309; CI = 0,120 – 0,796).
Kesimpulan: Usia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya sarkopenia pada lansia dan kondisi tidak obesitas mempunyai risiko lebih besar terjadi sarkopenia
POLA KUMAN DAN FAKTOR RISIKO PADA PASIEN ABSES LEHER DALAM DI RUMAH SAKIT ATMA JAYA
Full text linkIntroduction: Deep neck abscess is a pus accumulation in the space and tissue of the cervical fascia caused by an infection and has the potential for several complications. Appropriate use of antibiotics can prevent these complications, but long culture time has been a main concern. Diabetes and oral hygiene are identified as commonly found risk factors for deep neck abscess. This study aims to analyze patients’ characteristics and the usage of antibiotics in treating deep neck abscess patients in Atma Jaya Hospital as well as assessing the effect of diabetes and oral hygiene as the causes for deep neck abscess.
Methods: This was a cohort retrospective, descriptive analytic study. The samples were from 23 deep neck abscess patients undergoing treatment in Atma Jaya Hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi square and Fisher exact test were used to determine the significance effect of diabetes and higiene oral in relation to deep neck abscess.
Results: There were more male patients than female patients with age range 20-30 years old. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pyogenes were the most common bacteria causing deep neck abscesses. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the most widely used antibiotics and it had shown great compatibility to fight against germs found in this disease. Statistical test results on the effect of oral hygiene oral to submandibular abscesses, peritonsillar, and Ludwig’s angina were p(AS)=0.605, p(AP)=1.000, and p(LA)=1.000, while of diabetes were p(AS)=0.685, p(AP)=0.657, and p(LA)=1.000.
Conclusion: Deep neck abscess tends to occur in male patients of productive age. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the recommended empiric antibiotics. There was no significant relationship between oral hygiene and diabetes on the occurrence of deep neck abscesses.Introduction: Deep neck abscess is a pus accumulation in the space and tissue of the cervical fascia caused by an infection and has the potential for several complications. Appropriate use of antibiotics can prevent these complications, but long culture time has been a main concern. Diabetes and oral hygiene are identified as commonly found risk factors for deep neck abscess. This study aims to analyze patients’ characteristics and the usage of antibiotics in treating deep neck abscess patients in Atma Jaya Hospital as well as assessing the effect of diabetes and oral hygiene as the causes for deep neck abscess.
Methods: This was a cohort retrospective, descriptive analytic study. The samples were from 23 deep neck abscess patients undergoing treatment in Atma Jaya Hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi square and Fisher exact test were used to determine the significance effect of diabetes and higiene oral in relation to deep neck abscess.
Results: There were more male patients than female patients with age range 20-30 years old. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pyogenes were the most common bacteria causing deep neck abscesses. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the most widely used antibiotics and it had shown great compatibility to fight against germs found in this disease. Statistical test results on the effect of oral hygiene oral to submandibular abscesses, peritonsillar, and Ludwig’s angina were p(AS)=0.605, p(AP)=1.000, and p(LA)=1.000, while of diabetes were p(AS)=0.685, p(AP)=0.657, and p(LA)=1.000.
Conclusion: Deep neck abscess tends to occur in male patients of productive age. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the recommended empiric antibiotics. There was no significant relationship between oral hygiene and diabetes on the occurrence of deep neck abscesses
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TEH CAMELLIA SINENSIS 50% SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK TANGAN
Full text linkIntroduction: : Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. The recent COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene has become the necessity. Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic.
Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences–Atma Jaya Jakarta Catholic University of Indonesia. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis.
Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70% alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300).
Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol.Introduction: Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. Hand hygiene has become the necessity in the recent COVID-19 pandemic . Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic.
Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of School of Medicine and Health Sciences – Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis.
Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70% alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300).
Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol
Tatalaksana Ventilasi Pada Pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Ventilasi pada Pasien COVID-19
No full textIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection that has become a global pandemic. Approximately 5% of all sufferers of this disease require an intensive care unit, with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as one of the main complications with a mortality ratio reaching 94%. COVID-19 which disrupts the respiratory system requires adequate management, especially in ventilation or oxygenation to reduce the risk of multi-organ damage. The author discusses this topic in this literature review.
Results: Ventilation management in COVID-19 patients must adhere to the principles of Safe (for staff and patients), Accurate (preventing unusual techniques), and Swift (fast). Airway management in COVID-19 patients has a very high risk because of the large opportunity for aerosolization to occur. Providing ventilation (oxygenation) to patients with COVID-19 has many options, ranging from the nasal cannula, face mask, rebreathing masks, Venturi Mask, Non-rebreathing Mask (NRM), High Flow Nasal Cannula, Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV), to intubation with mechanical ventilation. Regarding intubation, until now there is no specific protocol, especially regarding disagreements about early or late intubation.
Conclusion: The choice of oxygen administration technique, as well as the decision to intubate, largely depended on the discretion of the anesthetist who is present and assesses it according to the individual needs and clinical status of the patient.Pendahuluan: Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan infeksi saluran pernafasan yang telah menjadi pandemi global. Sekitar 5% dari seluruh penderita penyakit ini memerlukan unit perawatan intensif, dengan Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) sebagai salah satu komplikasi utama dengan rasio kematian mencapai 94%. COVID-19 yang menyebabkan gangguan terutama pada sistem pernafasan memerlukan tatalaksana yang adekuat, khususnya dalam ventilasi atau oksigenasi untuk mengurangi risiko kerusakan multi organ. Penulis membahas topik tersebut pada tinjauan pustaka ini.
Hasil: Tatalaksana ventilasi pada pasien COVID-19 harus memegang prinsip Safe (untuk petugas dan pasien), Accurate (mencegah teknik yang tidak biasa), serta Swift (cepat). Manajemen jalan nafas pada pasien COVID-19 memiliki risiko yang sangat tinggi karena besarnya peluang aerosolisasi yang terjadi. Pemberian ventilasi (oksigenasi) pada pasien dengan COVID-19 memiliki banyak pilihan, mulai dari nasal cannula, face mask, rebreathing masks, Venturi Mask, Non-rebreathing Mask (NRM), High Flow Nasal Cannula, Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV), hingga intubasi dengan ventilasi mekanik. Mengenai intubasi, hingga saat ini tidak terdapat protokol khusus, terutama terkait silang pendapat tentang early atau late intubation.
Simpulan: Pemilihan teknik pemberian oksigen maupun keputusan intubasi sangat bergantung pada kebijaksanaan dari dokter anestesi yang hadir dan menilai sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu dan status klinis pasien