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Kualitas Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Setelah Perendaman Dalam Kitosan ditinjau dari Aspek Mikrobiologi dan Organoleptik
Get PDFThe efforts that should be made to maintain the quality of fish is by using antimicrobial compounds, one of which is chitosan. The use of chitosan in this study was to determine the effect and optimum concentration of chitosan in maintaining the quality of mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from the microbiological and organoleptic aspects. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 3 variations of chitosan concentration is 1%, 2% and 3% dissolved in 1% acetic acid. The control used was acetate 1% solution and distilled weter. Observations were made after the fish are kept for 24 hours with the observation parameters of Total Plate Count (TPC), organoleptic and the fish pH. Based on the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the result showed that the administration of chitosan on mackerel did not significantly affect the value of TPC and organoleptic, but the increase in the total number of bacteria in mackerel was lower than without the provision of chitosan. Chitosan was also able to reduce the value of mackerel organoleptic lower than without the provision of chitosan. Mackerel stored for 24 hours at each treatment increased the pH 5 to 7, which shows that the fish has undergone a process of decomposition
Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Perairan Danau Kelubi Kecamatan Tayan Hilir Kabupaten Sanggau
Get PDFKelubi lake has an area of ?? 220 ha and high puddles influenced by rainfall. The research aimed to know macrozoobenthos diversity and the quality of Kelubi lake waters. Determination of five sampling stations based on different environmental setting. Macrozoobenthos samples were taken three times at each station by Ekman Grab and identified in the Zoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Tanjungpura University Pontianak. Macrozoobenthos research results obtained in the waters of Lake Kelubi four genera namely Chironomus, Dasyhelea, Dixella and Limnodrilus. Value abundance of macrozoobenthos in Lake Kelubi ranged from 44.44 to 355.55 Ind/m2. The diversity index (H) of the highest macrozoobenthos obtained at station IV of 355.55 Ind/m2 and lowest at station I of 0.5004 Ind/m2. The macrozoobenthos diversity in Kelubi lake was low to moderate. The average of evenness index (E) of macrozoobenthos was 0.8650 which indicates high evenness, while the average of Simpson dominance index (C) wason the average of 0,4950 which in considered low dominance of macrozoobenthos. The result of Pearson correlation test shows that depth, temperature, transparency, organic substrate significantly affect the diversity of macrozoobenthos in Kelubi lake. Kelubi lakes classified in moderate pollution levels
Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang Jeringau (Acorus calamus L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Get PDFJeringau (Acorus calamus L.) is an herb that is used to treat diarrhea, tapeworm and dysentery. If it is mixed with several other materials, it can help women after they are giving birth. This study was done to evaluate A. calamus’s antibacterial activity to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Ethanol and water were used as solvents to extract the Jeringau’s rhizome. The method used to test the antibacterial activity performance was the paper disk diffusion method in 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% v/v (ml/ml). The positive control was cloramphenicol, and the negative control was aquades. Based on the fitochemical test, A. calamus’s extract contained secondary metabolites compounds, such as alkaloid, flavonoid and polifenol. The results showed that there were inhibitions activities from the ethanol and water extract toward both of the tested bacteria. Water extract had smaller inhibition zone compared tto the ethanol. Different types and concentrations of solvents have different ability in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The 100% concentration of both ethanol and water extract performed the highest activity to inhibit each bacterium growth
Kapang pada tingkat kematangan gambut yang berbeda di kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Ambawang Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Get PDFPeat is formed from organic materials derived from the remains of dead plants and accumulated over thousands of years. Dead plants will undergo decomposition quickly by molds and bacteria. This research aims to identify the genus of molds at different levels of maturity of peat in the area of the Protected Gunung Ambawang Forest in Kubu Raya District. Peat sampling used the stratified random sampling method based on the degree of maturity of the peat soil i.e. fibric peat, hemic peat, and sapric peat. The isolation of molds employed the method of dilution plate with dilution 10-3 at the medium of PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) and CYA (Czapeck Yeast Agar). The result of research on fibric peat showed that six pure isolates of mold were found i.e. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp.1, Paecilomyces sp.2, Penicillium variabile, Phialophora sp., and Verticillium sp. On hemic peat 10 pure isolates were found: A. niger, Fusarium sp.2, Mortierella sp., Paecilomyces sp.1, Paecilomyces sp.3, Penicillium sp.3, Penicillium sp.4, Penicillium sp.5, Rhizopus sp., and T. harzianum. On sapric peat 12 pure isolates were found: Fusarium sp.3, Paecilomyces sp.1, Paecilomyces sp.4, Penicillium sp.1, Penicillium sp.2, Penicillium sp.3, Penicillium sp.6, Penicillium sp.7, Penicillium sp.8, Penicillium sp.9, Pythium sp., and Trichoderma sp
Karakter morfologi bakteri dari daun sehat dan bergejala sakit Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera var. barbadensis)
Get PDFPlant diseases caused by bacteria will decrease the production of Aloe vera var. barbadensis. Bacteria that infect the leaves of Aloe vera can be recognized by symptoms on plants that the leaves become soft rot and dry rot. This study aims to determine the density of bacterial colonies, colony morphology and the morphology of bacterial cells of healthy leaves and leaves of symptomatic illness. The method used is the Total Plate Count (TPC). The results showed that most bacteria found in the leaves of symptomatic illness that 7 isolates soft rot and bacterial colony density that is 237 X 10-7cfu/g. Bacteria were recovered from healthy and symptomatic illness leaves are 16 isolates, that showed characteristic colony circumference shape, curved, long, flat elevation, convex, flat, flat edges, uneven and curved, while the morphology of bacterial cells are coccus, bacillus and spirilum
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Metanol dan n-Heksan Daun Buas-Buas (Premna serratifolia Linn.) pada Larva Nyamuk Demam Berdarah (Aedes aegypti Linn.)
Get PDFDengue fever with A. aegypti as its main vector is a lethal disease. One effort that can be done tocontrol the Dengue fever from spreading is to break the chain of A. aegypti’s life cycle at larvae stage. This study aims to determine the concentration of LC50-24 hours leaves extract of P. serratifoliaand the solvents of P. serratifolia leaves extract that gives best toxicity to inflict death on A. aegypti larvae. The study was conducted during June to September 2013. ANOVA results shows that methanol extract and n-hexane extract of P. serratifolia leaves give significant effect on mortality of A. aegypti larvae. The value of LC50-24 hours methanol extract of P. serratifolia leaves was 2.691,53 ppm whereas that of n-hexane extract was 2.818,38 ppm. Methanol extract of P. serratifolia leaves has more toxicity compared to n-hexane extract
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lumut Octoblepharum albidium Hedw terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDFMosses are non-vascular plants groups and grow in a wide range of substrates. Mosses contain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Octoblepharum albidium extract on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research was performed in June until July 2013. The Qualitative phytochemical tests showed that O. albidium contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids. The existence of secondary metabolites in O. albidium, could be utilized to inhibit the growth of bacteria S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. The testing of antibacterial activity has been performed using paper disk diffusion method with a concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and a positive control of chloramphenicol 2.5% (g/ml). The antibacterial activity test result showed that all level of extract concentrations were able to inhibit the growth of bacteria that was characterized by the formation of inhibition zone around the paper disc. The activity of 100% extract consentration againts S.epidermidis and P. aeruginosa bacteria demonstrated the highest inhibition zone diameter, which was 15.62 mm and 13.23 mm, while the most effective extract concentrations in inhibiting S. epidermidis and P.aeruginosa are 60% and 80%, respectively
Anatomi Daun dan Ranting Citrus nobilis L. var. microcarpa yang Terserang Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration
Get PDFCitrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) is one of the diseases that cause a decrease in the production of the Citrus nobilis L. var. microcarpa. The CVPD disease is caused by the Liberibacter asiaticus bacteria and transmitted through by psyllid (Diaphorina citri). The infected C. nobilis L. var. microcarpa indicates morphological changes which can be divided into mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. The main purpose of this research was investigating citrus leaf and twig anatomy which was infected by CVPD. The research was conducted from February 2014 until August 2014. Paraffin method was used to make cross section sample preparation of the citrus leaf and twig. The result on cross section of leaves, petioles, and twig CVPD symptomatic indicated there was cell wall thickening on epidermis. Mesophyll (leaf) and cortexs (petioles and twig) shape changes and there is an acumulation of starch. The Phloem on leaves, petioles, and twigs indicated changes in cell shape in which it becomes abnormal then damage (necrosis) occured
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Kombinasi Serbuk Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica)
Get PDFTofu industrial wastewater containing high protein causes highly suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved solids (TDS). Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica seed powder can be used as a coagulant to reduce TSS and TDS. This study aims to determine best dose and the effectiveness of the combination Moringa and Tamarind seeds in improving the quality tofu liquid waste. The research was conducted in Pebruary to April 2013. Value TSS, TDS and total bacteria before treatment at high 1232 mg/l, 8432 mg/l and 2,7107 CFU/ml. The best treatment was at the dose K2:A1 (Moringa 133,3 mg and Tamarind 66,7 mg) with the final value TSS 151 mg/l, while the final value TDS 2794 mg/l. Best treatment for the total bacteria was at the dose K1:A2 (Moringa 66,7 mg and Tamarind 133,3 mg) with the final value 3,1106 CFU/ml. Once the tofu liquid waste is treated, the mean value of dissolved oxygen was 3,09 to 3,67 ppm and the degree of acidity was 4,67 to 5,00
Pemberian H2so4 dan Air Kelapa pada Uji Viabilitas Biji Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabika L.)
Get PDFArabica Coffee is important plant in Indonesia. The coffee seeds can be germinated normally, without special treatment, in 6 8 weeks, special treatment either physically or chemically can faster dormancy of the seeds, so they can germinate in 4 6 weeks after seedling. This research aimed to know the influence of giving H2SO4 and coconut water in speeding seed dormancy which was conducted for 2 mounths from January to March 2013 in the greenhouse of faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Tanjungpura University Pontianak. The research methodology used factorial experiment with complete randomized design which consisted of two treatments that are concentration H2SO4 with four levels: control, concentration 15%, 20% and 25%. The second factor was concentration of coconut water with four levels that are conrol, concentration 60%, 80% and 100%, each of these was treated repeatedly, thus 48 unit trials were achieved. The research showed that giving 20% H2SO4 and 100% coconut water can speed seed dormancy with germination percentage 86,66%, germination growth 30,46% and speed of growth 41,65%