Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
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Keefektifan penggunaan Dua Jenis Ovitrap untuk Pengambilan Contoh Telur Aedes spp. di Lapangan.
Full text linkIn the last three decades, there has been a four fold increase of dengue incidence globally. Up till now, the control of the disease depends heavily on controlling the vector. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an ecological data of vector to identify the population density of the mosquitoes. One method to study the density and presence of the mosquitoes is through the use of ovitrap. The aim of this research is to identify the effect of two different types of ovitraps: natural and artificial ovitrap on the willingness of mosquitoes to lay eggs and the rate of which the eggs are hatched. One hundred and eighty ovitrap consist of coconut shell (90) and glass (90) ovitrap were placed in three different subdistricts which was selected based on the Incidence Rate of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the district of Purwokerto City. The container indices and eggs density were compared between two types of ovitrap. Research was conducted using experimental quasy and the data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. The total amount of eggs from coconut shell ovitrap were 9328 of eggs were obtain from 51.33 of (57%) ovitrap while the total amount of eggs from glass ovitrap only 1858 of eggs were obtain from 29 (32%) ovitrap. Statistical test showed significant difference between the amount of eggs of coconut shell higher than the glass with p = 0001. Mosquitoes prefer natural coconut shell ovitrap compared with artificial ovitrap so we recommended that to eradicate the mosquitoes nest (PSN) with 3M (closed, drain, bury) should not only artificial containers but also natural container to be managed in order to control the dengue vector. KEY WORDS: Natural, artificial ovitrap, preference to hatch Aedes sp. eggs
Pengelompokan dan Struktur Populasi Parasitoid Telur Trichogrammatoidea armigera pada Telur Helicoverpa armigera pada Jagung Berdasarkan Karakter Molekuler
Full text linkThe effectiveness of this parasitoid was influenced by its population structure in the field. However, because this parasitoid has a tiny size, it was difficult to know the population structure of this parasitoid. This problem can be overcome by using molecular characteristic i.e. molecular markers. Based on RAPD-PCR analysis from 4 selected primers on 19 DNA samples from 3 different locations it was fond, that Gunung Bunder II population was divided into sub-population and so did Cugenang population, which is indicated by their small Fst and Nm index. The Fst and Nm index for Gunung Bunder II population was 0,39 and 0,77, while 0,51 and 0,47 for Cugenang population. If we calculated the Fst and Nm for all samples together, we found that this parasitoid has a random mating pattern, which is also shown by the dendrogram. The dendrogram indicate that each sub-population from one location was not grouped in one cluster but distributed in every cluster. KEY WORDS: Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Helicoverpa armigera, RAPD-PCR, population structure, genetic variety
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Belalang dan Kerabatnya (Orthoptera) pada Dua Ekosistem Pegunungan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak
Full text linkA study on diversity and abundance of grasshopper and its relatives (Orthoptera) was conducted at two mountainous rainforest ecosystems (Mounts Kendeng and Botol) of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. A hundred meters of a line transect was used to sample and set up several insect traps (yellow pan, malaise, pit fall, bait pit fall, sweep net, and light traps), and insect sweepings as well. The light traps were set up at about fifty meters distance from the end of the sampling sites. A total individual collected by traps was combined on every comparable sampling site. Total individuals of the Orthoptera captured were 414; consisted of 25 species of 9 families. Both species diversity and number of families were higher at Mount Kendeng rather than Mount Botol. Number of species of each family usually similar except on family of Grillidae was much higher at Mount Kendeng. Species belong to Phasmidae was not recorded at Mount Kendeng, while species belong to both families of Gryllotalpidae and Tettigonidae were not captured at Mount Botol as well. Overal there was a difference in the species richness at each between. Shannon Diversity Index (H’) and evenness (E) were higher at Mount Kendeng (2.44 and 0.81) rather than Mount Botol (1.80 and 0.66). Similarity Index of Jaccard (Cj) and Sorenson (Cn) of both localities were similar (0.40 and 0.32). Herbivores were most dominant at both localities (Phasmidae, Tetrigidae, Acrididae, Gryllidae, dan Gryllotalpidae), followed by omnivores (Blattidae), scavenger (Gryllacrididae), and predator (Mantidae). KEY WORDS: diversity, grasshopper, mountainous ecosystems, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Par
Patogenisitas Beberapa Isolat Cendawan Entomopatogen Metarhizium spp. terhadap Telur Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Full text linkMetarhizium spp. is one of the entomopathogenic fungus that can be used to control Spodoptera litura. The purpose of this research was to study the pathogenicity of Metarhizium spp. to S. litura eggs. The isolates were collected from rhizosphere of different crops i.e., cabbage, onion, leek and chili. The results showed that there was an effect of all isolates on egg mortalies. Mortality of S. litura eggs ranges between 19.79%-75.70%, depended on the fungal isolates. First instar larvae commonly died 3 days after eclosion. The maximum mortality of first instar larvae was 58.65%. At a concentration of 108 conidia/ml, the isolate Mt-kb had the highest virulence and causing higher egg mortality as well as first instar larvae. KEY WORDS: Metarhizium spp., ntomopathogenic fungus, Spodoptera litura, eggs, mortality
Predation of Five Generalist Predators on Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)
Full text linkTwo generalist predators of brown planthopper, Metioche vittaticollis and Anaxipha longipennis (Gryllidae) have not been much studied in Indonesia. This research was conducted to study and compare the predatory ability of M. vittaticollis, A. longipennis (Gryllidae) and three coleopterans, Paederus fuscipes (Staphylinidae), Ophionea sp. (Carabidae), and Micraspis sp. (Coccinellidae) against brown planthopper (fourth and fifth instars) under laboratory condition. In total, 20 nymphs of N. lugens were exposed for 2 hour to each predator for 5 consecutive days. Prey consumptions by the predatory crickets, M. vittaticollis and A. longipennis were greater than the other predators and followed by A. longipennis, Micraspis sp., P. fuscipes, and Ophionea sp. respectively Consumption rates of M. vittaticolis and A. longipenis were also higher than other predators. Micraspis sp was more active on predation in the morning, while M. vittaticollis, A. longipennis, P. fuscipes, and Ophionea sp. were more active both in the morning and the night but not in the afternoon. However, all five species of predators were not so active in preying during the afternoon. In conclusion, a major effort should be extended to conserve these predatory crickets especially M. vittaticollis and A. longipennis. KEY WORDS: Prey consumption, Metioche vittaticollis, Anaxipha longipenni
Perbedaan praktik PSN-3M Plus di kelurahan percontohan dan non percontohan program pemantauan jentik rutin Kota Semarang
Full text linkIn 2010 the pilot project of PJR program (routine larvae monitoring) was firstly implemented in Pedurungan village. The program was expected to increase community practice in mosquito eradication program (PSN-plus). The study was aimed to describe the difference of PSN-plus practice in pilot- and nonpilot- PJR villages. This was a comparative survey with cross sectional design. The study subject was household in pilot- and nonpilot-PJR villages which, consisted of 90 respondents each. The selection of study subject used proportional random sampling technique. To measure the of PSN-plus practice, questionnaire and observation sheet were used. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square test. The result showed that PSN-plus practice in pilot village was better than nonpilot one. The statistical test proved the difference of bathtub drain (p value=0.006), closed water containers (p value=0.002), demolished used stuffs (p value=0.001), and hanging clothes habit (p value=0.0001). KEY WORDS: larvae monitoring, water container, house inde
Peluang Investasi dan Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Budidaya Kutu Lak (Laccifer lacca Kerr): Studi Kasus di KPH Probolinggo, Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur
Full text linkShellac flea Laccifer lacca Kerr is a phytophagous insect, which lives on kesambi tree (Schleichera oleosa Merr). During its life cycle, shellac flea secretes liquid known as LAK and has many uses, such as varnish/polish, food cover, drug capsule, cassette ribbon, etc. In 2005, Perum Perhutani produced 60,547 kg LAK pellets, but has not fulfilled market demand. Cultivation technique is still conducted in a very simple way. Investment in developing shellac flea is also profitable, and promising. There are two choices of management schemes in it cultivate, the first is by infecting shellac flea to the host tree when the tree is 15 years old and the second is by infecting shellac flea when the tree is 4 years old. Financially, the latter approach is more beneficial than the former one. The value of NPV + 22 321 052 395, IRR 16.9%, BCR 1.55 and Net B/C 3.71 with discounted payback period for 10 year 8 months. SWOT analyzing was used in the design strategy as a management approach. KEY WORDS: Laccifer lacca, Schleichera oleosa Merr, investment opportunity, small business
EFISIENSI PEMARASITAN PARASITOID Trichogramma chilotraeae NAGARAJA & NAGARKATTI (HYMENOPTERA:TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) PADA BERBAGAI JUMLAH INANG DAN KEPADATAN PARASITOID.
No full textThe objective of the research was to study behaviour and parasitism efficiency of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilotraeae in relation to host and parasitoid density under laboratory condition. Eggs of Corcyra cephalonica were used as hosts for Trichogramma chilotraeae. Five different host (egg) densities: 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 eggs were provided to one and two active female parasitoids T. chilotraeae. Percentage of parasitism, female progeny, and selfsuperparasitism were counted. Results showed that, host density was found to have a strong effect on parasitism rate, female progeny and selfsuperparasitism. Two parameters, parasitism and selfsuperparasitism decreases with increasing number of host density, in contrast, female progeny increase with increasing host density. Parasitoid density affected selfsuperparasitism and female progeny only on one level of host density (3 hosts) but not to all parameters of other density treatments. KEY WORDS: Trichogramma chilotraeae, number of host, parasitoid density, parasitis efficiency
Dinamika Populasi Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) dan Deteksi CVPD dengan Teknik PCR
Full text linkThe research was conducted in the field of Taro village (600 m above the sea) Gianyar regency and Katung village (1200 m above the sea) Bangli regency and at the Laboratory of Biotechnology Faculty of Agricultural Udayana University in April to October 2009. The purpose of the research were to investigate population dynamic of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and other insects that were assosiated with citrus cv. siam; and molecular detection of CVPD patogen in its vector, other phytophagous insects on citrus cv.siam and kemuning [Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.] The result of this study showed that in six month period there was one peak of D. citri population which was associated with the flushing period of citrus at Taro as well Katung villages. The peak of D. citri population of Taro village was higher than that of Katung village. Two species of parasitoids and four spesies of predators were found in the field and may contribute in the suppression of D. citri population. The parasitoids identified were Tamarixia radiata Wat. and Diaphorencyrtus alligharensi Shaffe, whereas the predators were Curinus coeruleus Mulsant, Phiddipus sp., Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius and Oxyopes javanus Thorell. T. radiata has been proven to be an effective nymph parasitoid that could suppress the population development of D. citri in citrus orchads. The research revealed that kemuning could serve as a source of infection because it is also a host of CVPD disease as well as of D. citri. Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy and Maleuterpes dentipes Hell. were not proven to contain CVPD disease. KEY WORDS: Population dynamic, Diaphorina citri, CVPD, PCR
Dinamika Populasi Wereng Punggung Putih, Sogatella furcifera Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Di Jawa Tengah
Full text linkA field study was conducted at paddy fields in Petarukan and Pekalongan regencies of Central Java province during wet season crop 1989/90 and 1990/91 to elucidate population dynamic of whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Stål. Seven and three observation fields were set up in 1989/90 and the 1990/91, respectively. Cisadane rice cultivar was transplanted following the usual farmer’s parctices except that no pesticide was applied. The population of the whitebacked planthopper and the brown planthopper, (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) were sampled by using an insect suction catcher, a farmcop. Identification of generation was based on thermal constant required by the whitebacked planthopper to complete one generation and mean population density was calculated by graphical method. Two distinct seasonal population growth patterns were identified. The population with short population growth pattern completed four generations in one crop season in which their population density increased consecutively in two generations since immigrant generation, and thereafter decreased. The population with long population growth completed five generations in one crop season in which their population density increased consecutively in three generations, and thereafter decreased. The density of brachiptera adults determined 90% of the total population density. The proportion of brachiptera adults were not correlated with large nymphal density in both vegetative and generative stages of rice. The proportion of brachiptera adults showed significant negative linear regression with population density of the brown planthopper. Therefore, interspesific competition determined the proportion of wingform and population dynamics of the whitebacked planthopper.KEY WORDS: Sogatella furcifera, population dynamics, brachiptera for