Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
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Dampak Non-target dari Pengendalian Hayati Spesies Asing terhadap Ekosistem
No full textNon target impact of classical biological control of exotic species in the ecosystem. Classical biological control has been hailed as a successful control method of many exotic species of pests. However, recently this method of control has been questioned due to several cases of non target impact. Non target impact can occur two ways, i.e. direct non target impact when there is a host shift of the bioagents (e.g. changes in preferences), and the indirect non target impact which can occur through, among others, food web subsides that will change the overall interactions of many species within an ecosystem. The aim of this paper is to understand the interactions between introduced exotic agents (e.g. insects) toward local diversity, e.g. what are the implications of the interactions toward local biodiversity? Are there non target and indirect impacts of these introductions in Indonesia? The discussions covers the concept of biological control and conservation issues that should be taken into consideration, particularly in the context of insect conservation and impacts of classical biological control on island diversity. KEY WORDS: Biological Control, non target, exotic species, classical, ecosystem
Keefektivan Padi Transgenik terhadap Hama Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).
Full text linkTransformation two cry genes (cryIB-cryIAa) and transformation with a single the cry1B gene under the control of a wound-inducible maize proteinase inhibitor gene (mpi) promoter were two approaches that were used to get resistant rice to the rice stemborer which may be had a durable resistance. To obtain information on the effectiveness of seven transgenic rice lines to the rice yellow stemborer S. incertulas, a test was conducted in greenhouse. The seven lines were 1). line 4.2.3 and 2) line 4.2.4 both contain fusion of two cry genes (cryIB-cryIAa); 3) line 3R9 and 4) line 3R7 lines both contain of mpi-cryIB gene; and 5) line 6.11 contains of cryIAb gene by particle bombardment, 6) line DT-cry (Azygous) that do not contain cry gene (null), and 7) DT-cry line contains cryIAb gene by Agrobacterium, and as a negative control, we used three non transgenic rice varieties i.e., Rojolele, Cilosari, and Ciherang. The result showed that transgenic rice lines, except DT-cry and DT-cry (Azygous) lines were effective to suppress damage by the insect, and showed an inhibition effect on the growth of S. incertulas, and had a high level ofresistance than non transgenic rice varieties had. There were differences on resistance value/level among transgenic rice lines. Based on the resistance value, 6.11 line was the highest (scale 0) followed by 4.2.4 line and 3R7 line, these lines were categorized as high resistance (scale 1). Transgenic rice-4.2.3 line and 3R9 line were categorized as moderat resistance (scale 3). DT-cry and DT-cry (Azygous) lines were susceptible (scale 7-9). KEY WORDS: Effectiveness, resistance value, transgenic rice, S. incertulas
Preferensi dan Kecocokan Inang Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) terhadap Berbagai Varietas Pisang
Full text linkPentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is the only known vector of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). The objective of this research was to study the preference and suitability of banana aphid P. nigronervosa to various banana genotypes. Survey conducted at Talang Betutu, South Sumatra indicates the existence of different preferences of the P. nigronervosa toward different varieties in the field. Host suitability test was conducted using 13 banana varieties that were invested with P. nigronervosa from taro plants. Preference test was conducted using a 200 cm x 200 cm x 150 cm mesh cage that were used to house 13 banana genotypes that were invested with P. nigronerosa. The numbers of aphids on different banana genotypes were observed. Result of the study showed that “kepok” genotype was more suitable for the growth of P. nigronervosa compared to other genotypes. The suitability was shown by higher population, faster population growth, lower mortality and the higher proportion of alate adults. Banana kepok infested with 20 aphids at the beginning of the test reached 324 individuals within 24 days with population growth rate of 8.27% per day, and produced 1.9% of alate imagoes appeared 6 days after infestation. Host preference test using the same genotypes suggested that the aphid prefer banana kepok more than to any other genotypes. KEY WORDS: Insect vector, banana bunchy top virus, host suitability, population growt
Identifikasi Kutukebul (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) dari Beberapa Tanaman Inang dan Perkembangan Populasinya
Full text linkoai:ojs.journal.ipb.ac.id:article/5962Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) can cause direct and indirect damages on plants, especially vegetables. There is only limited information regarding taxonomy and population dynamic of whiteflies attacking vegetables in Indonesia. This research is conducted to identify species of whitefly collected from chili pepper, tomato, and soybean, and to study their population dynamic. The information gathered from these studies will be useful to support whitefly management in the field. Based on morphology identification of the puparium collected directly from the host plants, there were four species of whitefly identified from chili pepper, tomato, and soybean in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi, i.e. Bemisia tabaci, Aleurodicus dispersus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and Dialeurodes sp. The presence of B. tabaci on chili pepper and tomato was associated with virus infection that causes yellowing and leaf curl disease. This population of B. tabaci tended to increase along with plant growth and generally reached the highest population when the plant was 60-70 days after planting.KEY WORDS: Diversity, whiteflies, population
Distribusi dan Kelimpahan Parasitoid Telur, Telenomus spp. di Sumatera Barat: Status dan Potensinya Sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati
Full text linkExploration of egg parasitoids was conducted by collecting host eggs from soybean, vegetable crops, peas, corn and rice fields in West Sumatra. We found six species Telenomus distributed throughout studied locations in West Sumatera. Four species have been identified, namely T. remus Nix., T. rowani Gah., T. dignus Gah., T. dignoides Nix., whereas two others have not been identified yet because there is no appropriate identification key. The results showed that the both T. rowani Gah. and T. dignus Gah were distributed in all studied locations with different individual number, but they could be potentially be used as biocontrol agents in the future. The highest numbers of species was found in Tanah Datar and Solok with different abundance, whereas the lowest number of species were in Agam and Lima Puluh Kota.KEY WORDS: exploration, identification, species abundance
Parasitoid Telur Lalatjala (Chrysopa sp.) pada Ekosistem Jambu Mete di Lombok
No full textThe objective of this research was to identify parasitoids associated with eggs of Chrysopa in Lombok cashew ecosytem. Parasitoids were surveyed by collecting eggs of Chrysopa from cashew plantations. Total of 5900 individual parasitoids from a single species were collected from eggs of Chrysopa with parasitization level was approximately 47.0%-85.50%. The parasitoid was identified as Telenomus cyrus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). KEY WORDS: Chrysopa, parasitization, parasitoid, cashew, Telenomus
Pengaruh Ekstrak Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum forma citratum) terhadap Perkembangan Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica) (L.)
Full text linkEffect of Kemangi Extract (Ocimum basilicum forma citratum) to House Fly (Musca domestica) (L.). The aim of this study was to know larvacidal effect of basil leave on house fly (Musca domestica ). Using atsiri oil which extracted through the steam distillation procedure, this study applied 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment were 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% asitri oil dilluted on water compared to control (water only, 0%), The study showed that 20% dilluotion has highest larvacidal effect, cause highest mortality rate (83%), and inhibited ecdysis shown by lowest ecdysis and enclosy ability sharing only 13 and 37%. KEY WORDS: larvacidal, house fly, Ocimum basilicum forma citratum
Kelimpahan Aedes spp. di Kota Semarang, Purwokerto dan Yogyakarta
Full text linkAbundance of Aedes spp. in Semarang, Purwokerto and Yogyakarta. In Indonesia, Dengue Fever has a high morbidity rate. Incidence Rate (IR) during 39 years (1968-2007) showed a tendency to increase 00-30 per 100,000 populations, but the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) shows a decrease trend from 40% to 1.6%. Method of mosquito control that is mostly done today is chemical control methods. Unfortunately, this method is not always. A survey to find out the composition of the Aedes mosquito species in the field needs to as the first step to improve the method of vector control. This study employed a descriptive survey method, be done, taking eggs and adult mosquitoes from the three cities. From each city. Eggs and adult mosquitoes of Aedes spp from 90 ovitraps and 18 field locations were taken. Eggs obtained from Semarang, Purwokerto and Yogyakarta are 1835, 833, 1345, from 27 (30%), 22 (24,44%) and 25 (27,7%) ovitraps respectively, consisting of species A. aegypti and A. albopictus. A. aegypti and A. albopictus adults obtained in Semarang 17 (5%) and 323 (95%), in Purwokerto 6 (7%) and 81 (93%), while in Yogyakarta, 36 (25%) and 105 (75%) respectively. Research results show that in three cities A albopictus was more abundant than the A. aegypti. KEY WORDS: infestation of Aedes spp, Semarang, Purwokerto, Yogyakarta efficienc
Struktur Komunitas Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Berbagai Lanskap Pertanian Di Sumatra Barat
Full text linkCommunity Structure of Parasitic Hymenoptera in West Sumatra Landscape. Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on some vegetables and rice ecosystem in West Sumatera. Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, and indices of diversity were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 1522 specimen consist of 22 families and 148 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid on agricultural ecosystem in west Sumatera. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant Hymenoptera parasitoid family in vegetables ecosystem. Contrast, Mymaridae, Diapriidae, and Eulophidae were dominance of Hymenoptera parasitoid famili in rice ecosystem. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid was influenced by the landscape structure. Species richness and diversity were higher in polyculture ecosystem than monoculture. KEY WORDS: Monoculture, polyculture, Hymenoptera, parasitoid, landscap
Peran Insektisida Botani Ekstrak Biji Mimba untuk Konservasi Musuh Alami dalam Pengelolaan Serangga Hama Kapas.
Full text linkNatural Enemies Conservation: The Role of Neem-seed Extracts for Natural Enemies Conservation Used of Cotton Insect Pest Control. Insects associated with cotton plant are numerous, as the plant bears extrafloral nectar. More than 90 species of natural enemies are reported and identified. They could manage the cotton pest, keeping the pest population is under action threshold level when their presence is considered in scouting and action threshold concept. However, most of cotton farmers are insecticide-spray-minded people who think that insecticide sprays is a must in cotton cultivation. This behavior is unfavorable for the natural enemies in building their population so they can act as an effective mortality factor for the pest. Neem seed extract (NSE) is toxic to herbivores but relatively safe for natural enemies, so that it could be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical insecticides. Therefore, NSE is recommended to be used for conserving natural enemies in cotton agro ecosystem. KEY WORDS: neem seed extract, Gossypium hirsutum, conservation