Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
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Preferensi dan tanggap fungsional Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) sebagai predator Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Full text linkKanzawa spider mite (KSM), Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest on many crops in Indonesia. Generally, farmers use acaricide to control this mite, which may cause negative side effects. One of the alternative control methods is the use of predatory mite. This research was done to determine prey preference and functional response of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on several life stages of KSM. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions. N. californicus were supplied with nymphs and adults of KSM to know its preference. N. californicus were also supplied with KSM eggs at several densities to know its functional response. Adult females and deutonymphs of N. californicus preferred KSM eggs than nymphs as their prey. The number of eggs consumed by adult females and deutonymphs N. californicus increased with the increase of prey density. The number of eggs laid by adult females of N. californicus increased with the increase of prey density. Searching time of the predator became faster with the increase of prey density. N. californicus showed cannibalism under low density of prey.Key words: Neoseiulus californicus, functional response, prey preferenc
Keanekaragaman jenis dan perilaku menggigit vektor malaria (Anopheles spp.) di Desa Lifuleo, Kecamatan Kupang Barat, Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Full text linkMalaria is a preventable and treatable mosquito-borne diseases, whose main victims are children and pregnant women. Indonesia is the second most affected region in South East Asia and has the the highest malaria burden after India. The research was aimed to study the species diversity and biting activity of malaria vectors (Anopheles spp.) in Lifuleo Village, West Kupang District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The mosquitoes was collected by using (1) the human landing collection technique, (2) aspirators for collecting mosquitoes resting on the wall of houses and cow barn, and (3) light traps. The research was done for four months. The result showed that there were six species of Anopheles i.e., An. barbirostris, An. subpictus, An. annularis, An. vagus, An. umbrosus and An. indefinitus. An. barbirostris and An. subpictus were two species with the highest density. The value of man hour density (MHD) indoor and outdoor for An. barbirostris were 5.45 and 6.23 respectively, and for An. subpictus were 1.35 and 1.56, respectively. The blood sucking activity indoor and outdoor for An. barbirostris occured at 22:00 to 4:00 and 21:00 - 04 respectively, whereas for An. subpictus at 8:00 p.m. to 21:00 and 22:00 to 23:00, respectively. Based on the value of man hour density the mosquito Anopheles spp. in Lifuleo village were exophagic and exophilic
Keanekaragaman dan persebaran lalat buah Tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) di Kabupaten Bogor dan sekitarnya
Full text linkBogor and its surrounding area is known as one of the region in West Java that has high diversity of horticultural plants that may have an affect on fruit fly diversity. Research on fruit fly diversity is not merely provide information on the species richness of fruit flys but also provide information on its distribution and dispersion. The aim of this research was to investigate the diversity and distribution of fruit flies species and their hosts in Bogor and its surrounding area. Fruit flies were collected from 119 sampling areas in Bogor Cianjur, Bekasi and Depok. Fruit flies were sampled using two methods, i.e. host rearing and trapping. Traps were modified from Lynfield traps and combined with two different attractants, i.e. metil eugenol (ME) and Cue lure (CL). We found 18 species of fruit flies collected from traps and 24 host plants. The result showed that distribution, diversity and abundance of fruit flies was influenced by the diversity of host plants.Key words: host rearing, Bactrocera sp., Lynfield tra
Effect of pesticide types on community structure of arthropod in soy crops
Full text linkThis study was carried out on three soybean farms located in the Liverpool Plains Shire in New South Wales, Australia. The soybean farms were different in terms of pesticide type used. One of the soy crops was sprayed with broad spectrum synthetic pesticides (synthetic pyrethroids), one site of soy crop was sprayed with natural pyrethrum - an organically certified pesticide, and one of the soy crops was not treated with any pesticides. Arthropod samples were collected on three occasions at every site except in the third site of soy crops which was not treated with any pesticides. Samplings were done using sweep nets and beat sheets. There were no significant differences of community structure change between farms treated with different pesticide regimes (F2,5= 4.2599, P(perm)= 0.188), and no significant differences in arthropod species richness. The abundance of arthropods was significantly different for site treated with biopesticide and site treated with synthetic pyrethroids (G6 = 284.36, P <0.0001), non-sprayed site and site treated with synthetic pyrethroids (G6 = 2110, P < 0.0001), and non-sprayed site to site treated with biopesticide (G6 = 2027, P < 0.0001). The use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture has been found to suppress pests and beneficial arthropods, while the use of biopesticides or without pesticide, to some extent, may let beneficials thrive in the system and also may suppress pest arthropods.Key words: arthropods, soy-bean, pesticides, organic farming, conventional farmin
Keanekaragaman dan struktur komunitas semut pada perkebunan lada di Lampung
Full text linkThe occurrence of ants in agricultural habitat is related to the availability of food resources as well as environmental condition for its nesting site. As predator, ants play an important role on controlling pest population in agricultural habitat. The objective of this research was to study the diversity of ants in pepper plantation. The research outcome can be used as basic information for cultivation management of pepper. Ecological observation was conducted in four regencies in Lampung Province with two selected plots on each regency. On each plot, ants were sampled using pitfall traps. In total, 28 ant species were recorded from pepper field in four regencies. Two species i.e. Anoplolepis gracilipes and Solenopsis geminataare well-known as tramp and invasive species. There is significantly different of ant species composition among regencies. The occurrence of ants in pepper plantationis probably affected by habitat condition surrounding pepper plantation and precipitation
Keanekaragaman serangga dan struktur vegetasi pada habitat burung insektivora Lanius schach Linn. di Tanjungsari, Yogyakarta
Full text linkInsect diversity and vegetation structure are two aspects that affect the reproduction of insectivorous birds. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the original habitat Lanius schach in Tanjungsari of particularly the type, composition of vegetation, and preference to insect sprey. Observation of vegetation and insects were conduct using a combination methods of the track and checkered line on the transect along the 10 km (ten observation points). Insect and tree species were counted on plot (20 m x 20 m), shrub (10 m x 10 m), bush (5 m x 5 m), and grass (2 m x 2 m). Vegetation analysis was used to calculate the structure and composition of vegetation, whereas Shannon diversity index was used for insect diversity. Prey test was conducted to determine the preferences of insectivore birds on insects. The composition of the vegetation species consists of 7 grasses, 20 bushes, 5 shrubs and 18 trees. The dominant species of vegetation based on highest important value index was Tectona grandis, Ipomoea sp., I. cylindrica, and Panicum brevifolium respectively. The highest diversity index of vegetation group were bush (2.430), tree (1.696), grass (1,680), and shrubs (1.364), respectively. Insect diversity index was 2.572 and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) was the most preferred prey by L. schach. Overall, the habitat of insectivore birds L. schach are dominated by T. grandis, and has high diversity of bush.Key words: habitat, diversity, insects, vegetation, Lanius schac
The effect of DMSO on ITS2 amplification in the molecular identification of Anopheles farauti Laveran (Diptera: Culicidae), from a colony established in the laboratory
Full text linkSibling species identification is very important in the understanding of malaria epidemiology. Morphological criteria are usually used in the identification of anopheline species, but this fails when sibling or cryptic species occur. Analysis by PCR-RFLP of rDNA ITS2 is currently the most reliable and sensitive method for distinguishing between members of the Anopheles punctulatus group. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DMSO concentration on ITS2 amplification of An. farauti from the colony maintained at BATAN Jakarta using PCR-RFLP based on the rDNA ITS2. The results showed that the addition of 6 % and 7 % DMSO produced ITS2 amplification products in the size 750 bp. DMSO could be used in PCR to relieve secondary structures when amplifying high GC templates. Molecular identification of An. farauti is found to be Anopheles farauti sensu stricto.Key words: molecular identification, sibling species, PCR-RFLP, rDNA ITS2, secondary structur
Pengendalian Aphis craccivora Koch. dengan kitosan dan pengaruhnya terhadap penularan Bean common mosaic virus strain Black eye cowpea (BCMV-BlC) pada kacang panjang
Full text linkAphis craccivora is one of the important pests on yard long bean. It causes direct damage and also has an indirect effect as insect vector of the Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). The research was done to test the effectiveness of chitosan in suppressing aphid population growth, feeding preference and its ability in transmiting BCMV. Chitosan with concentration ranging of 0.1–1.0% were applied on leaves using spraying method at 1 day before BCMV transmission. BCMV was transmitted by using 3 individuals of viruliferous aphids on each plant. Results show that chitosan treatments on leaves or plants significantly suppressed the population and feeding preferences of A. craccivora. Further, treated plants showed lower disease incidence, severity and BCMV titre significantly compared with untreated control plants. The positive effects of chitosan in suppressing population growth as feeding preferences and BCMV transmission might be due to the anti-feedant effect of chitosan on A. craccivora. Based on the result, chitosan at concentration 0.9% is the most effective concentration in suppressing BCMV and its vector A. craccivora
Bioesai bioinsektisida Beauveria bassiana dari Sumatera Selatan terhadap kutu putih pepaya, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara De Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Full text linkIn fresh swamp areas of South Sumatra, papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) could cause severe damage to young papaya trees and decreased the fruit quality. The objective of this research was to bioassay test of the bioinsecticide Beauveria bassiana againts nymphs of P. marginatus. B. bassiana was conducted on rice medium. The bioinsecticide was formulated using dried compost, compost gram, paddy ash, paddy bran, woody powder, paddy bran mixed with woody powder, compost enriched with Trichoderma virens. Controls used were sterile water (control 1) and isolate of B. bassiana (control 2). Results showed that conidial viability of B. bassiana on control 2 was the highest (46.33%). The viability of control 2 was not significantly different from the formulations with carrier of the paddy bran, the paddy bran mixed with woody powder, and the compost enriched with T. virens. The highest nymph mortality (82.86%) was found on formulation of compost enriched with T. virens and was significantly different from other treatments. The lowest visibly (73.48%) occured on formulation of paddy ash, and was significantly different from other treatments. Mortality on control 1 on average was 29.52%, whereas control 2 averaged of 75.71%. The shortest median lethal time (LT50) (3.55 days) was found on formulation of compost enriched with T. virens but the longest one (3.73 days) occured on the formulation of paddy ash. Overall, the most effective bioinsecticide was the formulation of compost enriched with T. virens.Key words: bioinsecticide, Beauveria bassiana, Paracoccus marginatu
Struktur komunitas serangga herbivora dan parasitoid pada polong tanaman kacang-kacangan (Fabaceae) di Padang
Full text linkAbundance and diversity of herbivorous insects are not only determined by the trophic level above, but also can be affected by the trophic level below it. This research aims to study the community of herbivorous insects and parasitoids on pods of different types of legume crops in Padang. The method used in this study was a survey method. This method was done by collecting pods of legume plants in various habitats. Insects contained in pods were maintained until adulthood. Individual insects that did not emerge from the pods were removed by dissecting pods. This method was also used to estimate the number of seeds, good seeds were damaged or not damaged in each pod. The results of this study indicated that the composition of herbivorous insects on legumes, especially legume Crotalaria striata was dominated by Eucorynus crassicornis, while the parasitoid composition was dominated by Braconidae. E. crassicornis has a wider range of expansion compared to other herbivorous insects. The insects were found on three types of legum C. striata, Crotalaria sp., and Leucaena leucocephala, whereas other types of herbivores attack only two types of legumes. The highest percentage of damage was obtained in Crotalaria striata i.e 74.53%.Key words: herbivorous insects, parasitoids, legumes, Eucorynus, Crotalari