Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
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Uji ketahanan galur padi terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3 melalui population build-up
Full text linkScreening of rice lines resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) through mass screening, filtering line resistance and the population build-up are essential for the release of resistant rice varieties. In addition, the stages of the endurance are important in determining the stability of resistance, as well as the type of resistant. The research was carried out in the screen house at Indonesian Center for Rice Research in 2007. The BPH used in the research was the off spring of BPH biotype 3 that had been rearing on IR42 (bph2) variety since 1994. The result of this research showed that 22.2% of 18 lines/varieties were moderately resistant to BPH biotype 3ft namely BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B, BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B, BP2870-4e- Kn-22-2-1-5*B, and Pulut Lewok. On the population build-up test, the above lines/varieties were moderately resistant to BPH biotype 3pb. The low FPLI values were found in BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B and Pulut Lewok. The highest tolerance index was found on BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B and Pulut Lewok followed by BP2870-4e-Kn-22-2-1-5*B and BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B. Pulut Lewok has the highest antibiosis index and is not significantly different to BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B, while BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B was lowest. Although Pulut Lewok has antibiosis defense mechanism, it is not tolerant to BPH biotype 3. The BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B line have both antibiosis and tolerant to BPH biotype 3. BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B line has tolerance character, but does not have character of antibiosis to BPH biotype 3.Key words: rice lines, resistance test, population build-up, brown planthoppe
Pengaruh umur larva terhadap kualitas ratu yang dihasilkan pada penangkaran lebah ratu Apis cerana L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) dengan teknik pencangkokan
Full text linkAn experimental study to find out the effect of larval ages to the quality of queens produced through queen-grafting technique has been done in Apis cerana colony. Each of four larval ages (1-4 day-old larvae) was grafted into 5 queen cups in every single colony. Five colonies were used in the study as experimental replications. Pupal weight was used as initial indicator of potential reproductivity of upcoming queen. The results showed that larval age affected both the acceptance rate of grafted larvae and queen pupal weight. The acceptance rate of young larvae was higher than old larvae as shown by their successful number of capped queen cells development. The mean number of capped queen cells developed from larvae at the age of 1, 2, 3, and 4 day-old were 4.4 ± 1.1 cells/colony, 3.4 ± 1.1 cells/colony, 2.0 ± 1.0 cells/colony, and 2.4 ± 0.5 cells/colony, respectively. The queens reared from 1 and 2 day-old larvae significantly had heavier pupae than those from both 3 and 4 day-old larvae. The mean pupal weight grafted from 1, 2, 3 day, and 4 day old larvae were 153.33 ± 4.48 mg/pupae, 149.14 ± 6.29 mg/pupae, 126.17 ± 7.28 mg/pupae, and 126.70 ± 7.61 mg/pupae, respectively. There were no differences between pupal weight grafted from 1 and 2 day-old larvae and between pupal weight grafted from 3 and 4 day-old larvae. The study showed that 1 and 2 day-old grafted larvae potentialy produced better quality queens than those of older larvae.Key words: Apis cerana, grafting, age of larvae, acceptance rate, queen pupal weigh
Teknik budi daya larva Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) sebagai sumber protein pakan ternak melalui biokonversi limbah loading ramp dari pabrik CPO
Full text linkLarvae of Hermetia illucens fly (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is an important source of alternative protein and can be used as pellets for feeds. Currently the production of H. illucens larvae is still limited because its rearing depends on palm kernel meal (PKM). The objective of the research is to explore alternative media for rearing, i.e. using loading ramp waste from crude palm oil (CPO) factory. The study was conducted using physical-chemical analysis of the media. Evaluation of potential rearing media of loading ramp was done by studying the suitability of loading ramp fermented by EM4®, rumen microbes, and organic liquid fertilizer and without fermentation. Treatment media was develop with an enrichment ratio of 1 : 0.25 (v/v), 1 : 05 (v/v), and 1 : 1 (v/v) for bran and husk, and 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% (w/w) for coconut sugar. Each experiment was arranged in complete randomized design using 20 larva of the 2nd instar. Larvas were incubated in plastic with tube with diameter of 10 cm and 20 cm in height containing of media 300 g. Response differences in growth and mortality were analyzed by ANOVA and least significant differences (LSD) test at 0.05 levels. Preference and analysis suitability of the media were conducted using material enrichment. Results show that the loading ramp waste contain 9.80% protein and 10.32% fat. Although the media are could support growth and development of the larvae at different degree, media from waste fermentation POC loading ramp with bran enrichment 1 : 0.5 (v/v) is the best media for rearing larva.Key words: Hermetia illucens, bioconvertion, feedstuff, loading ramp wast
Perubahan morfologi larva nyamuk akibat pemberian larvasida bakteri kitinolitik
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to evaluate the change of Aedes aegypti L. and Culex spp. larvae morphology effected by chitinolitic bacteria as larvacide. This research was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Math and Natural Science, University of Syiah Kuala. The sample was taken from several areas in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. The isolation was accomplished by plating 1 ml of sample water on chitin agar medium and incubating for 48–72 hours in 30 °C temperature. In the experimental method, three concentrations of chitinolitic bacteria (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml) in 7 days observation were used as a treatment. The research resulted in 6 isolates having the potential to be developed firther as chitinolitic bacteria. The result shows that chitinolitic bacteria degrades exosceleton of second instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex spp. Degradation of exoskeleton started on the 4th days and occurred at the thorax region. All exoskeleton from both species are completely broken on day six.Key words: Aedes aegypti L. larvae, Culex spp., chitinolitic bacteri
Prevalensi cendawan entomopatogenik, Neozygites fumosa (Speare) Remaudie’re & Keller (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) pada populasi kutu putih, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara De Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) di wilayah Bogor
Full text linkThe prevalence of entomopathogenic fungus, Neozygites fumosa (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) on the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was studied in Bogor in two districts: Bubulak and Rancabungur in 2011. Thirty plants of either papaya or cassavas were sampled 8 times, once a week for insect population and biweekly for the fungus infection sampling. The results showed that the cassava mealybug was not found on both plants and all locations. The populations of papaya mealybug in Bubulak were higher than in Rancabungur. The populations of papaya mealybug on papaya were higher than those of cassava. However, N. fumosa infection levels on both plants and both locations were not significantly different. Key words: Paracoccus marginatus, Neozygites, papaya, cassava, prevalenc
Keanekaragaman laba-laba dan potensinya sebagai musuh alami hama tanaman jambu mete
Full text linkSanurus sp., Acrocercops sp. and Helopeltis sp. are important pests of cashews in Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pesticide usage to control these pests has so far not been successful, and thus the usage of natural enemy as an alternative control methods should be developed. Spider represents one of the natural enemies which are found in cashew plantation. The aims of the research is to study spider population and its predatory ability in cashew plantation. The study has been conducted in an area of cashew plantation at Dusun Jugil, Desa Sambik Bangkol, Lombok Utara. Spider predation was directly observed for 78 days, starting from May to August 2009. Edgar formula was used to measure spider predation per day. The study found 19 species of spider consisting from eight families. The abundance of Neoscona theisi is higher than Tetragnatha maxillosa, but the proportion of N. theisi with prey is less than T. maxillosa. This phenomenon indicates that spider’s abundance, does not directly show its potential as natural enemy in that habitat. N. nautica consumed at least 3.84 preys per day, but not all of its prey represents the pest of cashew. N. theisi consumed 1.67 preys per day and all of its prey represents pests of cashew. This study show that the amount of prey which can be consumed by spider per day does not directly show the potential of spiders as natural enemey of cashew pest.Key words: cashew pest, natural enemy, spide
Aktivitas insektisida ekstrak buah Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) dan Sapindus rarak DC. (Sapindaceae) serta campurannya terhadap larva Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Full text linkCrocidolomia pavonana is an important pest of Brassicaceous vegetable crops. Botanical insecticides are potential alternatives for the control of C. pavonana pest. Insecticidal activity of Piper aduncum and Sapindus rarak fruit extracts as well as their mixtures was evaluated against C. pavonana larvae in the laboratory. Ethyl acetate P. aduncum (EtPa) extract as well as methanolic S. rarak (MeSr) and aqueous S. rarak (AqSr) extracts were tested separately and in mixtures against second-instar larvae C. pavonana by a leaf-residue feeding method. At the LC95 level - 72 hours after treatment (HAT), EtPa extract was about 14.5 and 12.8 times, respectively, more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than MeSr and AqSr extracts. At the LC95 level, EtPa + MeSr extract mixture (1 : 10 w/w) was about 1.64 times more toxic to the test larvae than EtPa + AqSr extract mixture (1 : 10 w/w). Based on combination index at 48, 72, and 96 HAT, EtPa + MeSr extract mixture at LC50 level as well as EtPa + AqSr extract mixture at LC50 and LC95 levels had additive joint action, whereas EtPa + MeSr extract mixture at LC95 was weakly synergistic. In addition to lethal effect, the treatment with all test materials delayed the development of C. pavonana larvae from second-instar to fourth instar. Thus, EtPa, MeSr, and AqSr extracts as well as the mixtures between EtPa and S. rarak extracts are potential alternatives for the control of C. pavonana pest.Key words: botanical insecticides, cabbage pest, joint action, synergism, developmental dela
Studi berbagai jenis sarang permanen untuk mengembangbiakkan semut hitam, Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Full text linkBlack ants, Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is one of the biological agents that can be used to control the cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha cramerella and Helopeltis sp. To effectively prevent C. cramerella infestation, high population of black ants are required. Population growth of black ants in three types of permanent nests and non permanent nest were observed during 3 months. Every month, five nests of each type were taken at random and then all stadia were calculated. The permanent nests will support ant population for some years and the black ant population per nest is higher when compared to nest made of dried cocoa leaves only. Permanent nests are made of 75 pieces of dried cocoa leaves which are placed in plastic bags with ventilation holes. In the longer term permanent black ant nests are more cost effective then ant nests which have been made from only dried leaves because frequent replacement is not required. Permanent ant nests will also ensure a stable black ant population is maintained.Key words: Dolichoderus thoracicus, permanent nest, non permanent nest, cocoa leaves, polyester ba
Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) dalam beberapa jenis kotoran ternak
Full text linkHouse fly (Musca domestica) is an important urban insect that can transmit various infectious diseases. This insect usually utilized organic wastes as nutrition source for their larvae. One of the main sources of organic wastes is livestock manure produced by animal farming located near human dwelling area. Thus, appropriate house fly population control program at animal farm is needed, based on information on the house fly’s life history. The research is focused on the development of house fly larvae reared with different livestock manures, such as cow, chicken, and horse. As comparison, rice bran were used as control. Results showed that larvae reared with horse manure has the shortest development time (5 days), with lowest larval survival rate (30%), pupal weight (6.8 ± 0.141 g), and weight of female imago (4.9 ± 0.14 g). This finding indicates the lowest nutrition value of horse manure for house flies larvae. Further research is needed to find the effect of manure to variables that directly influence population growth, such as fecundity of female flies and egg survivorship. These additional information on life history will help the design of appropriate house fly population management program for animal farm.Key words: larval survivorship, livestock manure, house flies, larvae nutrition, development tim
Karakterisasi fenotip kultivar padi tahan dan rentan wereng coklat, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Full text linkThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is a destructive and widespread insect pest throughout the rice areas in Indonesia. Rice plant resistance is an effective method in controlling the brown plant hopper. However, the resistance sources and how their mechanism for imparting induced resistance against brown planthopper remains to be understood. This research was aimed to identify plant hair and protein banding patterns, as a genetic expression, of resistant and susceptible varieties. Identification of the variation of number of plant hair were carried out by using binocular microscope, while the protein banding patterns was detected by separation on SDS-Page. Co-variants analysis was adopted to identify the groups of resistant cultivars based on protein banding patterns. The results showed that plant hair on resistant rice cultivars are different with susceptible cultivars (resistance to Pelita I/1). The plant hair on resistant cultivars are larger/longer, more abudant and grew tighter than on susceptible cultivar (resistance to Pelita I/1). However the number of plant hair have no correlation with resistance level. In the absence of brown plant hopper infestation, the expression of protein total of resistant and susceptible cultivars are not clearly separated. The susceptible Pelita I/1 varieties showed a similar banding pattern to IR 26 (biotype 1), IR 42 (resistance to biotype 2) and IR IR 74 (resistance to biotype 3), but the four cultivars are not similar to the resistant cultivar IR 36 varieties (resistance to biotype 2). Our research showed that both plant hair and protein banding patterns can not be used to identify the plant resistance. Key word: rice plant resistance, plant hair, protein banding pattern