JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan
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Description of the Physical Condition of the House and the Presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the Toddler's House with Pneumonia in Pakusari District, Jember Regency
No full textPneumonia is a significant health issue, causing both long-term and short-term mortality across all age groups globally. The Pakusari District notably has a high rate of pneumonia among toddlers. According to data from the Jember District Health Office, in 2021, there were 88 cases of toddler pneumonia in Pakusari District. Preventive measures against pneumonia include addressing its various risk factors. This study employed a quantitative descriptive research design, focusing on 23 homes with toddlers suffering from pneumonia in Pakusari District, Jember Regency, from September to November 2023. A sample of 10 houses was selected based on Gay and Diehl's (1992) theory using systematic random sampling. The findings were presented in text and tables. The study revealed that 60% of the houses had good physical conditions, while 40% had poor physical conditions. Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus was not found in most houses, with only 10% of the homes having the bacteria present. The homes with Staphylococcus aureus typically had physical conditions that did not meet health standards, including issues with ceilings, floors, ventilation, kitchen smoke holes, lighting, temperature, humidity, and occupancy density. The study suggests that the Pakusari Health Center should enhance health promotion efforts and optimize sanitation clinics. The Jember District Health Office could implement programs to increase the number of healthy homes, such as plastering programs and providing glass roof tiles. The community should regularly clean their houses and ensure adequate lighting to improve overall health conditions.Pneumonia is a significant health issue, causing both long-term and short-term mortality across all age groups globally. The Pakusari District notably has a high rate of pneumonia among toddlers. According to data from the Jember District Health Office, in 2021, there were 88 cases of toddler pneumonia in Pakusari District. Preventive measures against pneumonia include addressing its various risk factors. This study employed a quantitative descriptive research design, focusing on 23 homes with toddlers suffering from pneumonia in Pakusari District, Jember Regency, from September to November 2023. A sample of 10 houses was selected based on Gay and Diehl's (1992) theory using systematic random sampling. The findings were presented in text and tables. The study revealed that 60% of the houses had good physical conditions, while 40% had poor physical conditions. Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus was not found in most houses, with only 10% of the homes having the bacteria present. The homes with Staphylococcus aureus typically had physical conditions that did not meet health standards, including issues with ceilings, floors, ventilation, kitchen smoke holes, lighting, temperature, humidity, and occupancy density. The study suggests that the Pakusari Health Center should enhance health promotion efforts and optimize sanitation clinics. The Jember District Health Office could implement programs to increase the number of healthy homes, such as plastering programs and providing glass roof tiles. The community should regularly clean their houses and ensure adequate lighting to improve overall health conditions
Effectiveness of Corn Shell Activated Carbon Filters in Reducing Iron (Fe) Levels in Clean Water
No full textCorn husk waste often accumulates and lacks optimal management, making its use as active carbon more valuable and beneficial to society. The principle of the activated carbon processing method involves adsorbing pollutants, thereby enhancing its capacity to absorb iron levels. Researchers must create filters using corn husk-activated carbon media to lower the iron levels in clean water. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the thickness of corn husk-activated carbon filtration media, which can reduce iron levels in clean water. The research design is a True Experiment with Pretest-Posttest and Control Group Design, incorporating four variations in activated carbon thickness and six repetitions. Variations in thickness of corn husk activated carbon are 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. Data analysis used the Kruskall-Wallis test. The research showed that the iron level before treatment was 1.71 mg/L. After treatment with activated carbon thicknesses of 0 cm (0%), 5 cm (67%), 10 cm (80%), and 15 cm (86%), the iron content decreased. The statistical test results obtained a p-value ≤ α (0.05), indicating that all data groups had significant differences. The public can use filters with an activated carbon thickness of more than 15 cm as an alternative for reducing iron levels in clean water.Corn husk waste often accumulates and lacks optimal management, making its use as active carbon more valuable and beneficial to society. The principle of the activated carbon processing method involves adsorbing pollutants, thereby enhancing its capacity to absorb iron levels. Researchers must create filters using corn husk-activated carbon media to lower the iron levels in clean water. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the thickness of corn husk-activated carbon filtration media, which can reduce iron levels in clean water. The research design is a True Experiment with Pretest-Posttest and Control Group Design, incorporating four variations in activated carbon thickness and six repetitions. Variations in thickness of corn husk activated carbon are 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. Data analysis used the Kruskall-Wallis test. The research showed that the iron level before treatment was 1.71 mg/L. After treatment with activated carbon thicknesses of 0 cm (0%), 5 cm (67%), 10 cm (80%), and 15 cm (86%), the iron content decreased. The statistical test results obtained a p-value ≤ α (0.05), indicating that all data groups had significant differences. The public can use filters with an activated carbon thickness of more than 15 cm as an alternative for reducing iron levels in clean water
Study of Microplastic Abundance in Animal Fish (Stolephorus Sp) With Microplastic Content in Stunting Clown's Breast Milk: Study in Kragan District, Rembang Regency
No full textThis study, conducted in Kragan District, investigated the prevalence of microplastics in Stolephorus sp. and their occurrence in the breast milk of stunted infants. Microplastics, emerging as a global oceanic pollutant, pose significant challenges due to their small size and potential impacts on marine and human health. The study focused on their possible transfer to infants via breast milk, raising concerns about associated health risks, including toxicity and infection. Stunting, a critical health issue affecting 14% of Rembang Regency's population, provided the backdrop for this research. The study included all Stolephorus Sp. Sold in Kragan Subdistrict and collected breast milk samples from 11 stunted infants. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design, the researchers utilized total sampling based on predefined criteria. Analysis revealed microplastics in both Stolephorus Sp. and breast milk, predominantly as fibers and filaments in black and blue colors. Particle sizes varied widely, with Stolephorus sp. containing 1.00–2.13 particles per specimen and breast milk containing 0.20–3.00 per milliliter. The study identified a correlation between microplastic abundance in Stolephorus sp. and its presence in breast milk among stunted infants. However, no correlation was found between Stolephorus sp. Consumption frequency and microplastic levels in breast milk. These findings underscore the potential pathways of microplastic exposure to infants and highlight the need for further investigation into their health impacts, particularly among vulnerable populations. Future research should continue exploring these dynamics to understand better and mitigate the risks associated with microplastic contamination in food chains and human health.This study, conducted in Kragan District, investigated the prevalence of microplastics in Stolephorus sp. and their occurrence in the breast milk of stunted infants. Microplastics, emerging as a global oceanic pollutant, pose significant challenges due to their small size and potential impacts on marine and human health. The study focused on their possible transfer to infants via breast milk, raising concerns about associated health risks, including toxicity and infection. Stunting, a critical health issue affecting 14% of Rembang Regency's population, provided the backdrop for this research. The study included all Stolephorus Sp. Sold in Kragan Subdistrict and collected breast milk samples from 11 stunted infants. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design, the researchers utilized total sampling based on predefined criteria. Analysis revealed microplastics in both Stolephorus Sp. and breast milk, predominantly as fibers and filaments in black and blue colors. Particle sizes varied widely, with Stolephorus sp. containing 1.00–2.13 particles per specimen and breast milk containing 0.20–3.00 per milliliter. The study identified a correlation between microplastic abundance in Stolephorus sp. and its presence in breast milk among stunted infants. However, no correlation was found between Stolephorus sp. Consumption frequency and microplastic levels in breast milk. These findings underscore the potential pathways of microplastic exposure to infants and highlight the need for further investigation into their health impacts, particularly among vulnerable populations. Future research should continue exploring these dynamics to understand better and mitigate the risks associated with microplastic contamination in food chains and human health
Implementation of WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) with Stunting Incidents in Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency
No full textThe Government of Indonesia is working with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to support a development program for the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector. Globally, access to WASH is still inadequate, and diseases resulting from poor WASH contribute to 13% of under-five deaths. Poor sanitation can cause various diseases, including nutritional problems such as stunting. In 2021, Bondowoso will become one of the 10 regencies or cities with the most considerable prevalence of stunting under five in East Java. Therefore, it is essential to research and examine the link between the success of WASH implementation and the stunting rate in Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted in the Pujer District with 67 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. The study used several variables, including the hygiene behaviour of mothers under five, the ownership of access to family sanitation, the physical quality of family drinking water, the incidence of infectious diseases (diarrhoea) in children, and the nutritional status of children based on height and age (TB/U). The analyses were univariate, crosstab, and scoring. There were 16 families (24.4%) with an unsuccessful WASH assessment but no stunting below five, and 33 families (49.25%) with a successful WASH assessment but no stunting below five. It was concluded that the better the WASH was applied, the better the nutritional status of the toddlers; conversely, the worse the WASH was implemented, the worse the nutritional status of the toddlers.The Government of Indonesia is working with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to support a development program for the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector. Globally, access to WASH is still inadequate, and diseases resulting from poor WASH contribute to 13% of under-five deaths. Poor sanitation can cause various diseases, including nutritional problems such as stunting. In 2021, Bondowoso will become one of the 10 regencies or cities with the most considerable prevalence of stunting under five in East Java. Therefore, it is essential to research and examine the link between the success of WASH implementation and the stunting rate in Pujer District, Bondowoso Regency. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted in the Pujer District with 67 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. The study used several variables, including the hygiene behaviour of mothers under five, the ownership of access to family sanitation, the physical quality of family drinking water, the incidence of infectious diseases (diarrhoea) in children, and the nutritional status of children based on height and age (TB/U). The analyses were univariate, crosstab, and scoring. There were 16 families (24.4%) with an unsuccessful WASH assessment but no stunting below five, and 33 families (49.25%) with a successful WASH assessment but no stunting below five. It was concluded that the better the WASH was applied, the better the nutritional status of the toddlers; conversely, the worse the WASH was implemented, the worse the nutritional status of the toddlers
The Effect of Stop Motion Video as An Examination Media on The Knowledge and Safe Behavior of PT. X Metal Casting Industry Workers in Klaten
No full textA work accident is one of the risks that can occur in the metal casting industry. Workers' unsafe behavior is the primary cause of occupational accidents. The definition of unsafe behavior is any human behavior that can allow work accidents to occur to oneself or others. The preliminary study results found that 100% of workers had work accidents due to unsafe behavior, and out of 19 workers, 47.3% had insufficient knowledge about unsafe behavior. Counseling using video stop motion is one effort that can be used to overcome. This research aims to investigate the impact of counseling using video stop motion media on enhancing workers' knowledge and safety practices in the metal casting industry. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The experimental group consisted of the workers in the finishing section, while the control group consisted of the workers in the induction section. The Wilcoxon test analysis reveals a significant difference in knowledge and behavior values between the pre-test and post-test, resulting from the use of video stop motion media. Media. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean value of differences in knowledge and behavior in the pre-test and post-test between the experimental and control groups with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Video stop motion has the effect of increasing the value of knowledge and safe action among industry workers.A work accident is one of the risks that can occur in the metal casting industry. Workers' unsafe behavior is the primary cause of occupational accidents. The definition of unsafe behavior is any human behavior that can allow work accidents to occur to oneself or others. The preliminary study results found that 100% of workers had work accidents due to unsafe behavior, and out of 19 workers, 47.3% had insufficient knowledge about unsafe behavior. Counseling using video stop motion is one effort that can be used to overcome. This research aims to investigate the impact of counseling using video stop motion media on enhancing workers' knowledge and safety practices in the metal casting industry. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The experimental group consisted of the workers in the finishing section, while the control group consisted of the workers in the induction section. The Wilcoxon test analysis reveals a significant difference in knowledge and behavior values between the pre-test and post-test, resulting from the use of video stop motion media. Media. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean value of differences in knowledge and behavior in the pre-test and post-test between the experimental and control groups with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Video stop motion has the effect of increasing the value of knowledge and safe action among industry workers
Microplastics Study of Microplastic Concentrations at the Drinking Water Depot in Sumbersari Village, Jember Regency
No full textMicroplastics are a new pollutant that has become a global problem and requires treatment as soon as possible. Microplastics are plastic waste that degrades into small particles measuring <5 mm. Until now, microplastics have not only been found in the environment but also in drinking water. Based on the results of field studies, it is known that drinking water refills at drinking water depots (DAM) are an alternative option used by the people of the Sumbersari sub-district to meet their drinking water needs. This paper examines the presence of microplastics in refillable drinking water, including the characteristics, concentration, and exposure to microplastics in consumers of refillable drinking water. This observational study uses descriptive methods to systematically examine and present facts regarding microplastics and exposure to microplastics in DAM in the Sumbersari sub-district. The research showed that microplastics had contaminated 12 DAM with an average microplastic concentration of 7.1 particles/liter. The forms or types of microplastics found were fibers and fragments with sizes ranging from 0.01 mm to <5 mm and the colors most commonly found were blue, black, red, gray, and transparent. The measurement results also explain that consumers of refillable drinking water will be exposed to microplastics of at least 5.61 particles/liter/day and a maximum of 15.98 particles/liter/day, depending on the amount of drinking water consumed daily.Microplastics are a new pollutant that has become a global problem and requires treatment as soon as possible. Microplastics are plastic waste that degrades into small particles measuring <5 mm. Until now, microplastics have not only been found in the environment but also in drinking water. Based on the results of field studies, it is known that drinking water refills at drinking water depots (DAM) are an alternative option used by the people of the Sumbersari sub-district to meet their drinking water needs. This paper examines the presence of microplastics in refillable drinking water, including the characteristics, concentration, and exposure to microplastics in consumers of refillable drinking water. This observational study uses descriptive methods to systematically examine and present facts regarding microplastics and exposure to microplastics in DAM in the Sumbersari sub-district. The research showed that microplastics had contaminated 12 DAM with an average microplastic concentration of 7.1 particles/liter. The forms or types of microplastics found were fibers and fragments with sizes ranging from 0.01 mm to <5 mm and the colors most commonly found were blue, black, red, gray, and transparent. The measurement results also explain that consumers of refillable drinking water will be exposed to microplastics of at least 5.61 particles/liter/day and a maximum of 15.98 particles/liter/day, depending on the amount of drinking water consumed daily
Level of Knowledge and Hygiene Practices of Food Handlers and Escherichia Coli Contamination of Food in “B” Catering
No full textA food handler is a person who performs food processing activities, ranging from raw materials to food served. Knowledge of food hygiene and the attitude of food stewards will certainly influence sanitary hygiene practices, especially when processing food, resulting in foods not contaminated by physical, chemical, or biological substances. The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and hygiene practices among food stewards and the presence of Escherichia coli in the food at “B” Catering in Samarinda City. The research method was quantitative with a descriptive approach, a total sampling technique for food handler samples, and then, for food samples, the menu of interest was selected. Results The knowledge level of food stewards was 83.3%, comparable to 13.3%, while less than 3.3% possessed this level of knowledge. Food inspectors who practiced good hygiene accounted for 66.7%, those who practiced sufficient hygiene accounted for 30.0%, and those who practiced less hygiene accounted for 3.3%. Additionally, laboratory tests revealed that food samples in the excellent quality category, with a 0 CFU/gr value, were not contaminated with Escherichia coli. The conclusion of the knowledge level overview, the hygiene practices of food handlers, and the contamination of food by Escherichia coli all yielded positive results.A food handler is a person who performs food processing activities, ranging from raw materials to food served. Knowledge of food hygiene and the attitude of food stewards will certainly influence sanitary hygiene practices, especially when processing food, resulting in foods not contaminated by physical, chemical, or biological substances. The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and hygiene practices among food stewards and the presence of Escherichia coli in the food at “B” Catering in Samarinda City. The research method was quantitative with a descriptive approach, a total sampling technique for food handler samples, and then, for food samples, the menu of interest was selected. Results The knowledge level of food stewards was 83.3%, comparable to 13.3%, while less than 3.3% possessed this level of knowledge. Food inspectors who practiced good hygiene accounted for 66.7%, those who practiced sufficient hygiene accounted for 30.0%, and those who practiced less hygiene accounted for 3.3%. Additionally, laboratory tests revealed that food samples in the excellent quality category, with a 0 CFU/gr value, were not contaminated with Escherichia coli. The conclusion of the knowledge level overview, the hygiene practices of food handlers, and the contamination of food by Escherichia coli all yielded positive results
Effectiveness of Calcium Carbonate in Chicken Eggshell as a Copper Adsorbent in Kotagede Silver Craft Liquid Waste
No full textThe silver craft industry’s liquid waste contains hazardous heavy metals such as Cu. Waste containing Cu is directly discharged into the environment, harming the environment and living organisms. An alternative treatment for this liquid waste is the adsorption method using activated chicken eggshells, which have a high CaCO3 content as an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of chicken eggshell adsorbents in reducing Cu levels in silver craft liquid waste solutions. The research employs a quasi-experimental method. The dependent variable in this study is the Cu content in the silver craft liquid waste. In contrast, the independent variables are adsorbent particle size with variations of 50 mesh, 100 mesh, and 150 mesh and adsorbent concentrations with variations of 30 g/L, 40 g/L, and 50 g/L. The statistical test used is the General Linear Model (GLM). The results showed that eggshell adsorbents could reduce Cu levels by 80.82% (from 2.671 mg/L to 0.512 mg/L), which occurred in the particle size group of 150 mesh and a concentration of 40 g/L. However, this result has yet to effectively reduce Cu levels below the standard (0.5 mg/L) stipulated by DIY Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2016. Data analysis with the GLM test showed a significant difference in Cu levels based on variations in adsorbent particle size (p-value=0.000) and adsorbent concentration (p-value=0.024). The interaction between particle size and adsorbent concentration did not show a significant difference (p-value=0.810), indicating it did not reduce Cu levels effectively.The silver craft industry’s liquid waste contains hazardous heavy metals such as Cu. Waste containing Cu is directly discharged into the environment, harming the environment and living organisms. An alternative treatment for this liquid waste is the adsorption method using activated chicken eggshells, which have a high CaCO3 content as an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of chicken eggshell adsorbents in reducing Cu levels in silver craft liquid waste solutions. The research employs a quasi-experimental method. The dependent variable in this study is the Cu content in the silver craft liquid waste. In contrast, the independent variables are adsorbent particle size with variations of 50 mesh, 100 mesh, and 150 mesh and adsorbent concentrations with variations of 30 g/L, 40 g/L, and 50 g/L. The statistical test used is the General Linear Model (GLM). The results showed that eggshell adsorbents could reduce Cu levels by 80.82% (from 2.671 mg/L to 0.512 mg/L), which occurred in the particle size group of 150 mesh and a concentration of 40 g/L. However, this result has yet to effectively reduce Cu levels below the standard (0.5 mg/L) stipulated by DIY Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2016. Data analysis with the GLM test showed a significant difference in Cu levels based on variations in adsorbent particle size (p-value=0.000) and adsorbent concentration (p-value=0.024). The interaction between particle size and adsorbent concentration did not show a significant difference (p-value=0.810), indicating it did not reduce Cu levels effectively
Relationship of Water Media Characteristics (pH, Temperature, TDS) to Density of Aedes sp Mosquito Flars in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan District
No full textDHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever) is a tropical endemic disease in Indonesia with a fluctuating trend in Lamongan. The main factor under control is the larval breeding habitat. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the water medium and the density of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan Regency. We conducted this quantitative study using a cross-sectional observational method on a sample of 80 houses in Karanggeneng Village, employing a straightforward random sampling technique. We recorded the data collection in the observation sheet and analyzed it with a chi-square test. The results showed that 37 houses were positive for Aedes sp. larvae based on HI (DF = 6), CI (DF = 6), and BI (DF = 7), so Karanggeneng Village has a high mosquito larval density. There is a significant relationship between water media and the presence of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. The relationship between pH (p-value = 0.000), temperature (p-value = 0.000), and TDS (p-value = 0.000) is significant. We recommend regularly draining the water container weekly to prevent mosquito larvae from using it as a habitat.DHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever) is a tropical endemic disease in Indonesia with a fluctuating trend in Lamongan. The main factor under control is the larval breeding habitat. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the water medium and the density of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae in Karanggeneng Village, Lamongan Regency. We conducted this quantitative study using a cross-sectional observational method on a sample of 80 houses in Karanggeneng Village, employing a straightforward random sampling technique. We recorded the data collection in the observation sheet and analyzed it with a chi-square test. The results showed that 37 houses were positive for Aedes sp. larvae based on HI (DF = 6), CI (DF = 6), and BI (DF = 7), so Karanggeneng Village has a high mosquito larval density. There is a significant relationship between water media and the presence of Aedes sp. mosquito larvae. The relationship between pH (p-value = 0.000), temperature (p-value = 0.000), and TDS (p-value = 0.000) is significant. We recommend regularly draining the water container weekly to prevent mosquito larvae from using it as a habitat
The Relationship between Noise Intensity and Blood Pressure in Communities Around Bangkal Village
No full textNoise is a serious problem because it can have an impact on health, one of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Noise can come from inside or outside the house. One source of noise from outside the house is traffic. Noise comes from the sound produced by motorized vehicles, especially from the engine, exhaust, and the interaction between the wheels and the road. This research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure in the community around Bangkal Village. This research is observational analytic, using a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 68 people, consisting of 40 people for the cluster on the side of the road and 28 people for the cluster 32 m from the road. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test. A sound level meter was used to collect noise data, a blood pressure meter was used to collect blood pressure data, and a questionnaire was used to collect respondent characteristics. The research results show that noise ranges between 46.6 dBA – 72.3 dBA. Twelve people (40%) suffered from high blood pressure, and 28 people (60%) had normal blood pressure. There is no significant relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This information is helpful for future researchers conducting further research by considering other variables or carrying out noise measurements in the house (indoors).Noise is a serious problem because it can have an impact on health, one of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Noise can come from inside or outside the house. One source of noise from outside the house is traffic. Noise comes from the sound produced by motorized vehicles, especially from the engine, exhaust, and the interaction between the wheels and the road. This research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure in the community around Bangkal Village. This research is observational analytic, using a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 68 people, consisting of 40 people for the cluster on the side of the road and 28 people for the cluster 32 m from the road. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test. A sound level meter was used to collect noise data, a blood pressure meter was used to collect blood pressure data, and a questionnaire was used to collect respondent characteristics. The research results show that noise ranges between 46.6 dBA – 72.3 dBA. Twelve people (40%) suffered from high blood pressure, and 28 people (60%) had normal blood pressure. There is no significant relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This information is helpful for future researchers conducting further research by considering other variables or carrying out noise measurements in the house (indoors)