JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan
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Systematic Review: Paparan Karbon Monoksida Dan Gangguan Tekanan Darah Pada Dewasa Dan Lansia
No full textThe most common blood pressure disorders are high blood pressure and low blood pressure. One of the risk factors that is assumed to affect blood pressure is carbon monoxide exposure. This study aims to collect information about the association between carbon monoxide exposure and blood pressure disorders in adults and the elderly. Articles were collected through national journals database namely Portal Garuda and Google Scholar, and international journals through Pubmed, Scopus, and PROQUEST. The keyword combinations used are ‘karbon monoksida’, ‘tekanan darah’, ‘COHb’, ‘polusi udara’, ‘tekanan darah sistolik’, ‘tekanan darah diastolik’, ‘carbon monoxide’, ‘blood pressures’, ‘systolic blood pressure’, and ‘diastolic blood pressure’. The article search found out 20 articles eligible for inclusion criteria. The literature review shows the relationship between CO exposure and blood pressure. CO exposure can be at risk increased systolic blood pressure from 0.43 mmHg to 15 mmHg, as well as an increase in diastolic blood pressure from 0.39 mmHg to 9 mmHg. Acute or chronic carbon monoxide exposure has been shown to affect disorders on blood pressure characterized by an increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure
PENGARUH PENCEMARAN UDARA TERHADAP TERJADINYA AIR BORNE DISEASE DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN LAINNYA
No full textEnvironmental quality deterioration occurs globally, both in developed and developing countries. The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased, with the occurrence of the process of climate change (climate change) and global warming, which impacts and effects can be felt in everyday life. The development development in various cities and regions still ignores sustainable development or sustainable development. The growth of an area vertically or horizontally has an impact on the occurrence of pollution to water, soil and air. Although naturally air can carry out self-purification, according to WHO, the current condition has reached an alarming stage, this is because nine out of 10 people in the world breathe polluted air in turn. Meanwhile, more than half of the world's population currently live in urban environments. This article is written to explore the extent of the impact of air pollution that is currently occurring with the incidence of air borne disease on a local, regional and global scale. The current decline in air quality is more predominantly caused by human activities in the form of transportation and increased industrial activities. Poor air quality is associated with an increase in the prevalence of clinical manifestations of asthma and allergies, especially in children, this is because the development of the respiratory organs in children has not yet been formed and is accustomed to breathing in excess amounts of air pollutants. He further stated that air pollution kills around seven million people every year. Efforts to monitor air environment conditions are a good step to provide an early warning system of actions that must be taken so as not to cause greater impacts and losses.Penurunan kualitas lingkungan terjadi secara global, baik pada negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer mengalami kenaikan, dengan terjadinya proses perubahan iklim (climate change) dan pemanasan global (global warming) yang mulai dapat dirasakan dampak dan pengaruhnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Perkembangan pembangunan di berbagai kota dan wilayah masih mengabaikan terhadap sustainable development atau pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pertumbuhan suatu wilayah secara vertikal maupun horizontal memberikan dampak terhadap terjadinya cemaran terhadap air, tanah dan udara. walaupun secara alami udara dapat melakukan self purification akan tetapi saat ini kondisinya menurut WHO sudah mencapai tahap yang mengkhawatirkan, hal ini dikarenakan sembilan dari 10 orang di dunia menghirup udara yang tercemar secara bergantian. Sementara itu lebih dari setengah populasi dunia saat ini hidup di lingkungan perkotaan. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali sejauh mana dampak pencemaran udara yang terjadi saat ini dengan kejadian air borne disease baik dalam skala lokal, regional maupun global. Penurunan kualitas udara yang terjadi saat ini lebih dominan disebabkan oleh kegiatan manusia berupa transportasi dan peningkatan kegiatan industri. Kualitas udara yang buruk berhubungan dengan peningkatan prevalensi manifestasi klinis asma dan alergi terutama pada anak-anak, hal ini dikarenakan perkembangan organ pernafasan pada anak-anak belum terbentuk dan terbiasa menghirup polutan udara pada jumlah yang berlebih. Lebih lanjut disampaikan bahwa polusi udara membunuh sekitar tujuh juta orang setiap tahunnya. Upaya pemantauan kondisi lingkungan udara merupakan langkah yang baik untuk memberikan early warning system tindakan yang harus dilakukan agar tidak menimbulkan dampak dan kerugian yang lebih besa
Gambaran Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Pembeli Terhadap Kandungan Klorin Pada Beras Yang Dijual Di Pasar Kranji Bekasi
No full textChlorine is a chemical that is usually used as a germ killer. In addition, chlorine is also commonly used for clothing and paper, but an important concern is when chlorine is used as an ingredient in rice whitening, because the chlorinated rice will look like super-quality rice. The purpose of this study was to determine the buyer's knowledge and attitudes about the chlorine content of rice and to determine the chlorine content in the rice sold at Kranji Market in Bekasi. This research is a descriptive survey research. The objects in this study were 100 (One Hundred) respondents and 10 (ten) types of rice and were then examined at UPT Tangerang City Health Laboratory using the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry Test. The sample technique is Accidental Sampling. The research instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. Univariate results show that 80% of rice buyers have low knowledge of rice containing chlorine and rice buyers have a positive attitude towards consumption of rice containing 63% of chlorine. Based on this research, it is suggested for buyers to be more careful in choosing the rice to buy as a form of prevention to maintain health from the dangers of using chlorine in rice when consumed.Chlorine is a chemical that is usually used as a germ killer. In addition, chlorine is also commonly used for clothing and paper, but an important concern is when chlorine is used as an ingredient in rice whitening, because the chlorinated rice will look like super-quality rice. The purpose of this study was to determine the buyer's knowledge and attitudes about the chlorine content of rice and to determine the chlorine content in the rice sold at Kranji Market in Bekasi. This research is a descriptive survey research. The objects in this study were 100 (One Hundred) respondents and 10 (ten) types of rice and were then examined at UPT Tangerang City Health Laboratory using the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry Test. The sample technique is Accidental Sampling. The research instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. Univariate results show that 80% of rice buyers have low knowledge of rice containing chlorine and rice buyers have a positive attitude towards consumption of rice containing 63% of chlorine. Based on this research, it is suggested for buyers to be more careful in choosing the rice to buy as a form of prevention to maintain health from the dangers of using chlorine in rice when consumed
Penurunan Kadar BOD, COD, dan Total Coliform dengan Penambahan Biokoagulan Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L) (Studi pada Limbah Cair Domestik Industri Baja di Surabaya Tahun 2020)
Get PDFDomestic wastewateris wastewaterthat is from residential businesses or activities, restaurants, offices, businesses, apartments and dormitories. Preliminary test result against BOD, COD, and Total Coliform in domestic wastewaterof steel industry in Surabaya did not qualify in which according to Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry in Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2016, the requirements were 63 mg/l, 189 mg/l and 13,000 CFU/100ml. Treatment that could be conducted was coagulation-flocculation with the addition of biocoagulant of papaya seed. Moreover, the purpose of this study was in order to analyze the reduction in BOD, COD, and Total Coliform level in domestic wastewaterof steel industry in Surabaya by adding biocoagulant of papaya seed (Carica papaya L). Type of this research was a pure experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. Object of this research was domestic wastewater in one of steel industries in Surabaya, East Java Province, Indonesia. The dosage variations were 1 gram, 2 grams and 3 grams and 0 gram as a control with replication as much as 6 times. Thus, it was obtained 24 sample size. The results of BOD, COD, and Total Coliform before and after the addition of papaya seed(Carica papaya L)biocoagulant were analyzed by using paired t test and probit test. The results showed thatBOD, COD and Total Coliform levels in domestic wastewater of steel industry in Surabaya after having treatment reduced. The highest percentage in dose of 3 gr could reduce BOD and COD level until 93% and Total Coliform in 66%. The optimum dose in reducing BOD and COD levels were 3,629 gr/l and 3,109 gr/l. Furthermore, coagulation-flocculation wastewater treatment by using biocoagulant of papaya seed could reduce BOD, COD, and Total Coliform levels. Thus, for steel industry, it was necessary to conduct pre-treatmentof coagulation-flocculation treatment against domestic wastewater by using biocoagulant of papaya seed before being dumped into water bodies
ANALISIS SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL KEJADIAN DBD DI KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2016-2019
Get PDFThe number of DHF cases in Semarang City in 2016-2019, respectively, were IR 25.27 / 100,000 population in 2016, IR 18.14 / 100,000 population in 2017, IR 6.17 / 100,000 population in 2018, and IR 26 , 37 / 100,000 population in 2019. There was a very significant increase in DHF cases in 2019 after previously experiencing a decline in 2016-2018. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of DHF incidence in Semarang City. This type of this study was descriptive. The instrument includes location maps, GIS software namely ArcGIS, and number processing software. The technique of collecting data through observation of secondary data. The research was conducted in September 2020. The data analysis technique used univariate analysis, scatterplot analysis, and spatial temporal analysis. The results of the spatiotemporal analysis showed that the larva free rate contributed to the spread of DHF incidence in Semarang City from 2016 to 2019. Meanwhile, the variables of area height and population density did not contribute.Abstrak: Analisis Spasial dan Temporal Kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang Tahun 2016-2019. Jumlah kasus DBD di Kota Semarang pada tahun 2016-2019 secara berurutan yaitu IR 25,27 / 100.000 penduduk pada tahun 2016, IR 18,14 / 100.000 penduduk pada tahun 2017, IR 6,17 / 100.000 penduduk pada tahun 2018, dan IR 26,37 / 100.000 penduduk pada tahun 2019. Terjadi kenaikan Kasus DBD yang sangat signifikan pada tahun 2019 setelah sebelumnya mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2016-2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran distribusi spasiotemporal kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Instrument meliputi peta lokasi, perangkat lunak GIS yaitu ArcGIS, dan perangkat lunak pengolah angka. Teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi data sekunder. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan September 2020. Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis scatterplot, dan analisis spasial temporal. Hasil analisis spasiotemporal menunjukkan bahwa angka bebas jentik berkontribusi terhadap persebaran kejadian DBD di Kota Semarang tahun 2016 – 2019. Sedangkan variabel ketinggian wilayah dan kepadatan penduduk tidak berkontribusi.
Kata kunci: Analisis Spasial dan temporal; DBD; Kota Semaran
Teknik Pencucian Mempengaruhi Angka Kuman Pada Peralatan Makan: Studi Literatur
Get PDFTableware is one of the most important factors in the spread of disease, the non-hygiene and microorganism’s container Tableware can spread disease through food. Therefore, the washing process with the right method is very important in efforts to reduce bacterial numbers, especially in tableware. The purpose of this research was to know the correlation between tableware washing method in food processing place with the bacterial numbers in tableware. This research was an analytical research with literature study method using 5 journals studied. The results of the 5 journals studied showed that 35.5% of 121 TPMs (food processing place) carried out tableware washing with inappropriate techniques 56,9% of 258 observed tableware sample contain ineligible microorganisms. 3 of the studied journal claimed there was no significant correlation between washing technic variable with the bacterial numbers variable in tableware as the P value = 1000 while 2 other studied journal claimed there was a correlation between washing technic variable with the bacterial numbers variable in tableware. Based on the research results from the studied journal, efforts can be made to pay more attention to hygiene and not ignoring the proper washing techniques as suggested, such as flushing, rinsing and sanitizing to avoid the bacterial numbers that exceed the standard
KOMPOS PELLET DARI AMPAS KOPI GAYO ESPRESSO DENGAN STARTER ALAMI
No full textCompost is very useful for soil improvement, maintaining soil stability and fertility, and increasing micro nutrients required by plants. This study aims to determine the effect of using natural starters: chicken manure (A), cow dung (S), and EM4 on composting time, compost pH, and the macro nutrient content made from Gayo espresso coffee waste. The waste of Gayo espresso coffee, which is available abundantly available in coffee shops, which is used as raw material for composting. Starters the form of A, S, a mixture of A with S, and EM4 are used to shorten composting time, and improve compost characteristics to conform to SNI standards. Gayo espresso coffee waste is mixed with starter A, starter mixture S. starter mix, and EM4 then fermented in a closed container. Compost pH measurements during the composting process are carried out every day until the pH is close to neutral, which indicates the compost is ripe. After composting, the products that were quickly formed from all treatment variables were tested for macro nutrient levels in the form of N, P, K and C / N ratios. The compost is printed in the form of pellets using a pelletizer mold. The test results showed that the use of 200g starter A (cow dung) and 6 ml EM4 produced compost within 25 days. The average acidity of the compost for all treatments ranged from 6.83. Micro nutrient content in the compost is 1.11% nitrogen, 0.81% phosphorus, 1.64% potassium and C / N ratio 11.06, according to SNI standards.Pellet compost from Gayo espresso coffee waste with natural starters. Compost is very useful for soil improvement, maintaining soil stability and fertility, and increasing micro nutrients required by plants. This study aims to determine the effect of using natural starters: chicken manure (A), cow dung (S), and EM4 on composting time, compost pH, and the macro nutrient content made from Gayo espresso coffee waste. The waste of Gayo espresso coffee, which is available abundantly available in coffee shops, which is used as raw material for composting. Starters the form of A, S, a mixture of A with S, and EM4 are used to shorten composting time, and improve compost characteristics to conform to SNI standards. Gayo espresso coffee waste is mixed with starter A, starter mixture S. starter mix, and EM4 then fermented in a closed container. Compost pH measurements during the composting process are carried out every day until the pH is close to neutral, which indicates the compost is ripe. After composting, the products that were quickly formed from all treatment variables were tested for macro nutrient levels in the form of N, P, K and C / N ratios. The compost is printed in the form of pellets using a pelletizer mold. The test results showed that the use of 200g starter A (cow dung) and 6 ml EM4 produced compost within 25 days. The average acidity of the compost for all treatments ranged from 6.83. Micro nutrient content in the compost is 1.11% nitrogen, 0.81% phosphorus, 1.64% potassium and C / N ratio 11.06, according to SNI standards
EFEKTIVITAS LARUTAN ASAM UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR MERKURI (Hg) PADA IKAN PATIN (pangasius pangasius)
No full textMercury in catfish (pangasius pangasius) indicated the pollution in the Kahayan Rivers Kalimantan Tengah and caused the negative effect for health. The prevention effort do soaking process with the acid solution like lime (citrus aurantifolia) and Limau Kuit (Citrus hystrix) solution before consumed. The aim this study was determine the effectiveness of acid solution concentration to decrease mercury level in the catfish (pangasius pangasius). The methode of this study was experimental with pre and post desaign and use 50 mg meat catfish as sampel. The soaking process use varians concentration of acid solution ware 10%, 25% and 50% for 30 minutes. The result showed that the mean of mercury level in the catfish from Kahayan River was 0, 380±0,072 and lower than maximum limit by SNI 7387 Years 2009. The effectiveness of lime (citrus aurantifolia) solution for 10%, 25% and 50% were 18,11%, 46,98% and 65,09% and the effectiveness of Limau Kuit (Citrus hystrix) for the same concentration were 46,03%, 73,28% and 27, 25%. it is concluded that the highest of effectiveness to decrease the mercury level in the catfish was 25% of limau kuit and the lowest of effectiveness was 10% of lime solution. This study was expected to give information about lime an limau kuit solution ability for reduce mercury level in catfish before consumed.Abstrak: Efektivitas Larutan Asam Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Merkuri (Hg) pada Ikan Patin (pangasius pangasius). Kandungan merkuri pada ikan patin (pangasius pangasius) dapat mengindikasikan telah terjadi pencemaran merkuri di lingkungan perairan dan dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan yaitu melakukan proses perendaman menggunakan larutan asam seperti larutan jeruk nipis (citrus aurantifolia) dan larutan limau kuit (Citrus hystrix) pada daging ikan patin yang akan dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas larutan jeruk nipis dan larutan limau kuit untuk menurunkan kadar merkuri pada daging ikan patin (pangasius pangasius). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen pre and postest desaign dengan sampel daging ikan patin seberat 50 mg. Perlakuan diberikan dengan menambahkan larutan jeruk nipis dan limau kuit pada masing-masing sampel dengan berbagai konsentrasi antara lain 10%, 25% dan 50% selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kandungan merkuri pada ikan patin (pangasius pangasius) hasil tangkapan di Sungai Kahayan adalah 0,380±0,072mg/kg dan memenuhi kriteria baku mutu merkuri (Hg) dalam pangan berdasarkan SNI 7387 Tahun 2009. Efektivitas penurunan kandungan merkuri menggunakan larutan jeruk nipis pada konsentrasi 10%, 25% dan 50% adalah 18,11%, 46,98% dan 65,09% sedangkan efektivitas penurunan kandungan merkuri dengan menggunakan larutan limau kuit pada konsentrasi 10%, 25% dan 50% adalah 46,03%, 73,28% dan 27,25%. Efektivitas yang paling tinggi terdapat pada larutan limau kuit dengan konsentrasi 25% yaitu sebesar 73,28% sedangkan efektivitas penurunan kandungan merkuri yang terendah adalah pada larutan jeruk nipis dengan konsentrasi 10% yaitu sebesar 18,11%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan informasi tentang kemampuan larutan jeruk nipis dan limau kuit untuk menurunkan kandungan merkuri pada ikan patin (pangasius pangasius)
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PERATURAN DENGAN TINDAKAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH PADA SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMPN 24 TANGERANG DAN SMPN 28 TANGERANG
Get PDFThe health of the school environment is an effort that aims to improve, realize and develop the optimal degree of student health. However, there are still many students who do not really care about environmental problems so that they have not been realized in real action. SMPN 24 Tangerang and SMPN 28 Tangerang. This study used a cross sectional. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and regulations with the actions of the VIII graders at approach. The population was all students of class VIII at SMPN 24 Tangerang and SMPN 28 Tangerang with a total sample of 245 students. The data source used is primary data with data collection methods in the form of interviews with a questionnaire instrument. The results showed that, there is a relationship between attitudes and actions regarding the health of the school environment in class VIII students at SMPN 24 Tangerang (Pvalue 0.027) and SMPN 28 Tangerang (Pvalue 0.011) in 2020. It is hoped that the school can continue to motivate and educate students about environmental health through posters, counseling, or other environmental programs.Kesehatan lingkungan sekolah merupakan upaya yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan, mewujudkan dan mengembangkan derajat kesehatan siswa secara optimal. Namun, masih banyak diantara siswa yang belum peduli dengan permasalahan lingkungan secara sungguh-sungguh sehingga belum terwujud dalam tindakan nyata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan,sikap,dan peraturan dengan tindakan siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 24 Tangerang dan SMPN 28 Tangerang.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah semua siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 24 Tangerang dan SMPN 28 Tangerang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 245 siswa. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dengan instrumen kuesioner. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara sikap dengan tindakan mengenai kesehatan lingkungan sekolah pada siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 24 Tangerang(Pvalue 0,027) dan SMPN 28 Tangerang (Pvalue 0,011) tahun 2020. Diharapkan kepada pihak sekolah dapat terus memotivasi dan mengedukasi para siswa mengenai kesehatan lingkungan baik itu melalui poster, penyuluhan, ataupun program-program lingkungan yang lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Kesehatan Lingkungan Sekolah; Sekolah Menengah Pertama; Sekolah Adiwiyata; Pengetahuan; Sikap; Peraturan dan Tindakan
GAMBARAN KUALITAS KADAR CHLORINE, SUHU, DAN pH TERHADAP FAKTOR LAMA BERENANG SERTA PENGGUNAN KACAMATA RENANG PADA KELUHAN IRITASI MATA PERENANG DI KOLAM RENANG HALIM PERDANA KUSUMA TAHUN 2020
Get PDFSwimming pool is a public business that provides a place for swimming, recreation, sports, and other services, which use clean water that has been processed. Pool processing that does not conform to physical, chemical, and biological requirements can interfere with the health of the swimmers. The purpose of this research is to know the description of chlorine, temperature and pH content of irritation of eye on swimmers at Halim Perdana Kusuma swimming pool in 2020. The research method used cross sectional, from the population of all swimming pool visitors was sampled as much as 100 respondents. The factors studied are chlorine levels, temperature, pH, long swim, use of swimming glasses and complaints against eye irritation. From the results of the analysis of the univariate which researchers have done found that the remaining levels of Chlorine in the morning 0.3 mg/l, daytime 0.3 mg/l, afternoons 0.3 mg/l, pH levels in the morning 7.2, daytime 7.6, afternoon 7.2, water temperature in the morning 30,8 °c, daytime 31,1 °c, evening 31,4 °c, long pool more on swimmers > 1hour 72%, the use of more swimming glasses that do not use 69% and complaints of eye irritation is greater that does not suffer the valve irritation of the eye 81%. The advice in this research management pool should be more routine in regard to the dose of chlorine, temperature and pH.Kolam renang merupakan suatu usaha bagi umum yang menyediakan tempat untuk berenang, berekreasi, berolah raga, serta jasa pelayanan lainnya, yang menggunakan air bersih yang telah diolah. Pengolahan kolam renang yang tidak sesuai dengan persyaratan fisik, kimia, dan biologi dapat mengganggu kesehatan perenang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar chlorine, suhu dan pH terhadap Keluhan iritasi mata pada perenang di kolam renang Halim Perdana Kusuma tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional, dari populasi seluruh pengunjung kolam renang diambil sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Faktor yang diteliti adalah kadar chlorine, suhu, pH, lama berenang, penggunaan kacamata renang serta keluhan terhadap iritasi mata. Dari hasil analisis univariat yang telah dilakukan peneliti menemukan bahwa sisa kadar Chlorine pada pagi hari 0,3 mg/l, siang hari 0,3 mg/l, sore hari 0,3 mg/l, kadar pH pada pagi hari 7,2, siang hari 7,6, sore hari 7,2, suhu air pada pagi hari 30,8°C, siang hari 31,1°C, sore hari 31,4°C, lama renang lebih banyak pada perenang >1jam 72%, penggunaan kacamata renang lebih banyak yang tidak menggunakan 69% dan keluhan iritasi mata lebih besar yang tidak mengalami kleuhan iritasi mata 81%. Saran dalam penelitian ini pengelola kolam renang harus lebih rutin dalam memperhatikan takaran kadar chlorine, suhu dan pH