JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan
Not a member yet
245 research outputs found
Sort by
Description Of the Escherichia Coli Content in The Drinking Water of Diarrhea Sufferers in Gebangan Village
No full textDiarrhea is a digestive system disorder characterized by the frequent passage of stools three or more times a day. According to Riskesdas, the prevalence of diarrhea in Indonesia in 2018 was 8%, translating to 1 million cases. Generally, diarrhea is caused by the Escherichia coli bacteria, which can be present due to contamination from open defecation and livestock waste. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research was conducted in Gebangan Village, involving ten respondents diagnosed with diarrhea between July and December 2022. Examining the host factors, it was found that most respondents did not treat their drinking water (60%) and consumed less than 2 liters of water per day (70%). Regarding environmental factors, 70% of respondents sourced their drinking water from drilled wells or pumps, and the majority (70%) had a piping system at their drinking water source. Additionally, 50% of respondents had their drinking water source located less than 10 meters from pollutant sources. Regarding the agent factors, the physical parameters of drinking water for all respondents (100%) indicated no taste and no odor. However, 50% of respondents reported that their drinking water was colored. The assessment of Escherichia coli content in the drinking water of the ten respondents revealed that only one respondent (10%) had drinking water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria. Future researchers are encouraged to investigate drinking water containers and other factors that can influence the presence of Escherichia coli, such as clean and healthy living behaviors and food sanitation.Diarrhea is a digestive system disorder characterized by the frequent passage of stools three or more times a day. According to Riskesdas, the prevalence of diarrhea in Indonesia in 2018 was 8%, translating to 1 million cases. Generally, diarrhea is caused by the Escherichia coli bacteria, which can be present due to contamination from open defecation and livestock waste. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research was conducted in Gebangan Village, involving ten respondents diagnosed with diarrhea between July and December 2022. Examining the host factors, it was found that most respondents did not treat their drinking water (60%) and consumed less than 2 liters of water per day (70%). Regarding environmental factors, 70% of respondents sourced their drinking water from drilled wells or pumps, and the majority (70%) had a piping system at their drinking water source. Additionally, 50% of respondents had their drinking water source located less than 10 meters from pollutant sources. Regarding the agent factors, the physical parameters of drinking water for all respondents (100%) indicated no taste and no odor. However, 50% of respondents reported that their drinking water was colored. The assessment of Escherichia coli content in the drinking water of the ten respondents revealed that only one respondent (10%) had drinking water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria. Future researchers are encouraged to investigate drinking water containers and other factors that can influence the presence of Escherichia coli, such as clean and healthy living behaviors and food sanitation
Effectiveness of Boiled Sapodilla Leaves (Manilkara zapota) in Reducing the Number of Bacteria and Escherichia coli Germs on Eating Utensils
No full textSeveral studies have shown that the high number of germs in cutlery is due to the inability to carry out the sanitizing process. The sanitizing process can be done physically and chemically, using natural ingredients that contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which function as antibacterials, such as sapodilla leaves. Sapodilla leaf boiled water can be a simple disinfectant for society to improve the quality of cutlery hygiene. The study aimed to determine the concentration of sapodilla leaf boiled water, which effectively reduces E. coli and the number of germs. The statistical test used was Kruskal Wallis, followed by a nonparametric post hoc test. A total of 24 swab samples were used with eight treatments and three repetitions. The results showed that the examination for the presence of E. coli on cutlery was negative. Examination of the germ count showed that the highest germ rate was in the control and the lowest was 10%. Statistical test results showed that a concentration of 10% is effective in reducing the germ number. This study concludes that E. coli in the samples were all negative, and the effective concentration in reducing the number of germs on cutlery is 10%, reducing from 60,768.11 colonies/cm2 to 12 colonies/cm2. Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct trials using other extraction methods.Several studies have shown that the high number of germs in cutlery is due to the inability to carry out the sanitizing process. The sanitizing process can be done physically and chemically, using natural ingredients that contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which function as antibacterials, such as sapodilla leaves. Sapodilla leaf boiled water can be a simple disinfectant for society to improve the quality of cutlery hygiene. The study aimed to determine the concentration of sapodilla leaf boiled water, which effectively reduces E. coli and the number of germs. The statistical test used was Kruskal Wallis, followed by a nonparametric post hoc test. A total of 24 swab samples were used with eight treatments and three repetitions. The results showed that the examination for the presence of E. coli on cutlery was negative. Examination of the germ count showed that the highest germ rate was in the control and the lowest was 10%. Statistical test results showed that a concentration of 10% is effective in reducing the germ number. This study concludes that E. coli in the samples were all negative, and the effective concentration in reducing the number of germs on cutlery is 10%, reducing from 60,768.11 colonies/cm2 to 12 colonies/cm2. Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct trials using other extraction methods
Effectiveness of Lime (Citrus amblycarpa) Solution in Improving the Bacteriological Quality of Tableware
No full textAccording to research on cutlery, it did not meet the bacteriological quality requirements for cleanliness because the disinfection process was not carried out. nfection process is necessary to enhance the cleanliness of cutlery, employing both chemical and natural methods. Lime zest is a natural ingredient that can be used for disinfection because it contains compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids that are antibacterial by damaging cell membranes. The study's goal was to determine the efficacy of lime (Citrus amblycarpa) solution in improving the bacteriological quality of cutlery. This research is experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The study included a total of 24 cutlery (plate) samples. We collected the data by examining the number of germs and Escherichia coli in each sample. Using Kruskal-Wallis, we analysed bacterial count data. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli could not be tested because all the samples were negative. The results showed that the cutlery (plate) before treatment did not contain Escherichia coli. By taking swab samples of the cutlery (plates), we found that the number of germs after disinfection treatment ranged from 1 to 33 colonies/cm2. Lime solution is ineffective at reducing the number of germs. It is recommended that the shop manager use running water and provide a place for draining and storing closed cutlery. Future researchers can conduct laboratory tests first to prove the effect of lime zest on Escherichia coli and carry out control treatments before concentration treatments.According to research on cutlery, it did not meet the bacteriological quality requirements for cleanliness because the disinfection process was not carried out. nfection process is necessary to enhance the cleanliness of cutlery, employing both chemical and natural methods. Lime zest is a natural ingredient that can be used for disinfection because it contains compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids that are antibacterial by damaging cell membranes. The study's goal was to determine the efficacy of lime (Citrus amblycarpa) solution in improving the bacteriological quality of cutlery. This research is experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The study included a total of 24 cutlery (plate) samples. We collected the data by examining the number of germs and Escherichia coli in each sample. Using Kruskal-Wallis, we analysed bacterial count data. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli could not be tested because all the samples were negative. The results showed that the cutlery (plate) before treatment did not contain Escherichia coli. By taking swab samples of the cutlery (plates), we found that the number of germs after disinfection treatment ranged from 1 to 33 colonies/cm2. Lime solution is ineffective at reducing the number of germs. It is recommended that the shop manager use running water and provide a place for draining and storing closed cutlery. Future researchers can conduct laboratory tests first to prove the effect of lime zest on Escherichia coli and carry out control treatments before concentration treatments
The Relationship of Noise Exposure to Job Stress in Sand Mining Workers in The Banjarbaru City Area
No full textNoise is the sound of an inappropriate place and time. Workplace noise problems are a source of stress that causes psychological imbalances. Sources of noise in the workplace come from operating machines, such as sand mines in Cempaka and Banjarbaru, which contribute to workplace noise. Sand mines use diesel engines; the engine sound is loud enough that all workers in the mine are exposed to the noise. Workers who are exposed to high-intensity noise experience work stress. The study aimed to determine the relationship between noise exposure and work stress among sand mining workers in Banjarbaru. This observational-analytic study used a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 25 workers who were exposed to noise. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. The results of noise measurements in sand mines ranged from 72.1 dBA to 88 dBA, with noise exposure for each worker ranging from 65.5 dBA to 83.7 dBA and work stress scores ranging from 34.12% to 50.7%. Statistically, there is an association between noise exposure and work stress. It is recommended to check the diesel engine, lubricate it to reduce noise in old and poorly maintained engines, use ear protection devices, such as ear plugs and ear muffs, to reduce noise exposure, and rotate every job task, especially for workers around diesel engines.Noise is the sound of an inappropriate place and time. Workplace noise problems are a source of stress that causes psychological imbalances. Sources of noise in the workplace come from operating machines, such as sand mines in Cempaka and Banjarbaru, which contribute to workplace noise. Sand mines use diesel engines; the engine sound is loud enough that all workers in the mine are exposed to the noise. Workers who are exposed to high-intensity noise experience work stress. The study aimed to determine the relationship between noise exposure and work stress among sand mining workers in Banjarbaru. This observational-analytic study used a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 25 workers who were exposed to noise. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. The results of noise measurements in sand mines ranged from 72.1 dBA to 88 dBA, with noise exposure for each worker ranging from 65.5 dBA to 83.7 dBA and work stress scores ranging from 34.12% to 50.7%. Statistically, there is an association between noise exposure and work stress. It is recommended to check the diesel engine, lubricate it to reduce noise in old and poorly maintained engines, use ear protection devices, such as ear plugs and ear muffs, to reduce noise exposure, and rotate every job task, especially for workers around diesel engines
Utilization of Banana Peels as Active Carbon for Pollutant Removal in Wastewater: Review Analysis
No full textPollutants from human activities released into the environment, including heavy metals, dyes, and chemicals, can harm the environment and living organisms. One solution offered to treat these pollutants is an adsorption technique using activated carbon from banana peel waste. The research aims to review the potential of banana peel waste as active carbon to remove various contaminants in wastewater and highlight the opportunities and challenges. This research uses a systematic literature review method, or what is usually called a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), to collect data from the Google Scholar online article database and E-Journal at SSO Undip (Single Sign On). The results of the literature review show that active carbon from various types of banana peels, such as Musa Acuminata, Musa sp., Musa paradisiaca L., and Musa Acuminatabalbisiana has been proven to be able to remove organic materials, inorganic anions, heavy metals, dyes, and chemical compounds from wastewater.Pollutants from human activities released into the environment, including heavy metals, dyes, and chemicals, can harm the environment and living organisms. One solution offered to treat these pollutants is an adsorption technique using activated carbon from banana peel waste. The research aims to review the potential of banana peel waste as active carbon to remove various contaminants in wastewater and highlight the opportunities and challenges. This research uses a systematic literature review method, or what is usually called a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), to collect data from the Google Scholar online article database and E-Journal at SSO Undip (Single Sign On). The results of the literature review show that active carbon from various types of banana peels, such as Musa Acuminata, Musa sp., Musa paradisiaca L., and Musa Acuminatabalbisiana has been proven to be able to remove organic materials, inorganic anions, heavy metals, dyes, and chemical compounds from wastewater
Management of the Work Environment to Reduce Blood Lead (BLL) Levels in the Assay Laboratory
No full textAssay Laboratory in PT Freeport Indonesia's Concentrating Division, especially for conducting fire assay. Litharge (lead oxide) is a reagent used to test mineral levels; the content of precious metals is called Au. Although lead exposure is low, prolonged exposure to lead could accumulate in the human system, resulting in poisoning or toxicity. This study aimed to determine the effect of work environment management in assay laboratories on reducing blood lead levels during fire assay analysis. This research is a quantitative cohort study. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques are used in different tests. Data collection was conducted using laboratory tests to take blood samples once a year regularly for every worker working in the assay laboratory. Based on the results of the different tests, a T value of 5,638 was obtained with a Sig value of 0.011 (α˂5%), so it can be concluded that there was a decrease in blood Pb levels in workers before and after managing the work environment. Recommended exposure standards are floor exposure values for laboratories (other than fire test laboratories) not to exceed 2.2 mg/m2 (200 μg/ft2) and surface in dining areas not to exceed 0.43 mg/m2 (40 μg/ft2). Improving working environment conditions by procuring a laundry system and lockers, procuring more than one laboratory coat, procuring sinks in every corner of the laboratory, and having special soap for washing hands has proven to be able to reduce Pb exposure rates in assay laboratories from 2019 to 2022.
Assay Laboratory in PT Freeport Indonesia's Concentrating Division, especially for conducting fire assay. Litharge (lead oxide) is a reagent used to test mineral levels; the content of precious metals is called Au. Although lead exposure is low, prolonged exposure to lead could accumulate in the human system, resulting in poisoning or toxicity. This study aimed to determine the effect of work environment management in assay laboratories on reducing blood lead levels during fire assay analysis. This research is a quantitative cohort study. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques are used in different tests. Data collection was conducted using laboratory tests to take blood samples once a year regularly for every worker working in the assay laboratory. Based on the results of the different tests, a T value of 5,638 was obtained with a Sig value of 0.011 (α˂5%), so it can be concluded that there was a decrease in blood Pb levels in workers before and after managing the work environment. Recommended exposure standards are floor exposure values for laboratories (other than fire test laboratories) not to exceed 2.2 mg/m2 (200 μg/ft2) and surface in dining areas not to exceed 0.43 mg/m2 (40 μg/ft2). Improving working environment conditions by procuring a laundry system and lockers, procuring more than one laboratory coat, procuring sinks in every corner of the laboratory, and having special soap for washing hands has proven to be able to reduce Pb exposure rates in assay laboratories from 2019 to 2022.
The EM4 Addition Affect Water Absorption Time and Compost Quality in Biopore Infiltration Hole
No full textA biopore infiltration hole can handle organic household waste for the composting process. It can be optimized by adding an Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) activator. This study aims to determine the effect of EM4 addition on water adsorption time, compost weight, and compost quality, according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Lamongan Islamic University's Laboratory of Environmental and Health Science determined the compost test's nutrient content. A cylindrical hole was drilled into the ground using a BIH drill with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 50, 75, and 100 cm, with a distance of 100 cm for each hole. The materials used in this study included domestic organic waste, leaves explicitly, and kitchen waste, a 50-ml liquid EM4 "Agriculture" activator diluted with 100 ml of distilled water, and 10 grams of granulated sugar. The experiment was conducted for 15, 30, and 45 days. To measure the water absorption time, a 2x1x1 m barrier is needed to accommodate 2 m3. The difference in BIH diameter can affect the infiltration rate at the Biopores Infiltration Hole (BIH). The measurement's highest water absorption occurred at the beginning of the 15th day. The addition of EM4 affects the decomposition process and can increase the water absorption rate for 45 days. The EM4 additions affect the decomposition process's timing. Additionally, the addition of EM4 impacts the nutrients in the compost. The addition of EM4 increased the value of C-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total potassium in the BIH compost.A biopore infiltration hole can handle organic household waste for the composting process. It can be optimized by adding an Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) activator. This study aims to determine the effect of EM4 addition on water adsorption time, compost weight, and compost quality, according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Lamongan Islamic University's Laboratory of Environmental and Health Science determined the compost test's nutrient content. A cylindrical hole was drilled into the ground using a BIH drill with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 50, 75, and 100 cm, with a distance of 100 cm for each hole. The materials used in this study included domestic organic waste, leaves explicitly, and kitchen waste, a 50-ml liquid EM4 "Agriculture" activator diluted with 100 ml of distilled water, and 10 grams of granulated sugar. The experiment was conducted for 15, 30, and 45 days. To measure the water absorption time, a 2x1x1 m barrier is needed to accommodate 2 m3. The difference in BIH diameter can affect the infiltration rate at the Biopores Infiltration Hole (BIH). The measurement's highest water absorption occurred at the beginning of the 15th day. The addition of EM4 affects the decomposition process and can increase the water absorption rate for 45 days. The EM4 additions affect the decomposition process's timing. Additionally, the addition of EM4 impacts the nutrients in the compost. The addition of EM4 increased the value of C-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total potassium in the BIH compost
Abilities of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) as Bait in a Rat Trap
No full textRats are rodents that harm humans and carry diseases, so it is necessary to control rats by using bait traps to trap rodents. The community commonly uses dried fish as bait, but the nature of rats necessitates other variations. s. The purpose of using tomatoes was to determine the ability of tomatoes and dried fish to act as bait in rat traps. This type of research uses a quasi-experiment. This study employed the post-test-only control group design method, implementing three bait installation treatments: tomato, dried fish, and control. We conducted this research at the Bauntung market in Banjarbaru, repeating it 27 times with three treatments: tomato bait, dried fish, and no bait. The statistical tests revealed no significant difference in the average number of rats trapped in the bait between tomatoes and dried fish. This was because the number of mice trapped between tomato bait and dried fish bait did not show a significant difference. We expect the results of this study to provide valuable suggestions for Bauntung Market managers and future researchers on rat control using tomato bait traps.Rats are rodents that harm humans and carry diseases, so it is necessary to control rats by using bait traps to trap rodents. The community commonly uses dried fish as bait, but the nature of rats necessitates other variations. s. The purpose of using tomatoes was to determine the ability of tomatoes and dried fish to act as bait in rat traps. This type of research uses a quasi-experiment. This study employed the post-test-only control group design method, implementing three bait installation treatments: tomato, dried fish, and control. We conducted this research at the Bauntung market in Banjarbaru, repeating it 27 times with three treatments: tomato bait, dried fish, and no bait. The statistical tests revealed no significant difference in the average number of rats trapped in the bait between tomatoes and dried fish. This was because the number of mice trapped between tomato bait and dried fish bait did not show a significant difference. We expect the results of this study to provide valuable suggestions for Bauntung Market managers and future researchers on rat control using tomato bait traps
Increasing Levels of Hypurat Acid in Urin Shoes Craftsmen Tambak Oso Wilangun, Surabaya
No full textThe home industry in the Tambak Oso Wilangun sub-district, Benowo District, Surabaya City was a center for producing shoes in Surabaya. From the entire production process there was a chemical used as a shoe adhesive, namely glue. Toluene contained in the glue used as an adhesive was very volatile so easily inhaled and enters the respiratory tract of workers. The liver and kidneys had an important role in producing toluene metabolites, namely hippuric acid, which were then excreted very quickly into the urine. Urinary hippuric acid is the main metabolite of toluene and has long been considered a biomarker of toluene exposure. The study is based on observational analytical research method while the design uses a cross-sectional study in 2 populations consisting of the exposed group and the unexposed group. The sample size for two groups is 22 people. Measurements of hypuric acid levels using HPLC-UV. The level of hypuric acid in the exposed group had mean value 9,23 mg/g of creatinine was higher than the unexposed group has mean 8,21 mg/g of creatinine. The characteristics respondent related to the levels hypuric acid was the length of work and smoking habits. Conclusion: The level of hypuric acid were higher in the exposed group than the unexposed group.The home industry in the Tambak Oso Wilangun sub-district, Benowo District, Surabaya City was a center for producing shoes in Surabaya. From the entire production process there was a chemical used as a shoe adhesive, namely glue. Toluene contained in the glue used as an adhesive was very volatile so easily inhaled and enters the respiratory tract of workers. The liver and kidneys had an important role in producing toluene metabolites, namely hippuric acid, which were then excreted very quickly into the urine. Urinary hippuric acid is the main metabolite of toluene and has long been considered a biomarker of toluene exposure. The study is based on observational analytical research method while the design uses a cross-sectional study in 2 populations consisting of the exposed group and the unexposed group. The sample size for two groups is 22 people. Measurements of hypuric acid levels using HPLC-UV. The level of hypuric acid in the exposed group had mean value 9,23 mg/g of creatinine was higher than the unexposed group has mean 8,21 mg/g of creatinine. The characteristics respondent related to the levels hypuric acid was the length of work and smoking habits. Conclusion: The level of hypuric acid were higher in the exposed group than the unexposed group
Relationship Between Physical Requirements Of Houses And Residential Density With The Incidence Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis On The Banks Of The Barito River
No full textTuberculosis is an infectious disease and one of the world's 20 leading causes of death. Marabahan Health Centre for TB's working area consistently records the highest cases in the Barito Kuala district, with most of the population residing along the densely populated river. The study's goal was to determine the relationship between the physical requirements of the house, occupancy density, and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis on the banks of the Barito River. This research was an analytical observational study using a case-control method. The sample size in this study was 1:2, with 15 cases and 30 controls, for a total of 45 samples. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test and the odds ratio test for risk factors. The results of the chi-square statistical test showed a relationship between the physical requirements of the house and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Barito riverbanks, Barito Kuala Regency, in 2023. Results Odd's ratio analysis showed that the variable temperature is 20 times, the humidity is 13 times, the lighting is 18 times, and the occupancy density is 11 times the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. People can get used to opening windows in the morning and not accumulate unused items in their rooms.Tuberculosis is an infectious disease and one of the world's 20 leading causes of death. Marabahan Health Centre for TB's working area consistently records the highest cases in the Barito Kuala district, with most of the population residing along the densely populated river. The study's goal was to determine the relationship between the physical requirements of the house, occupancy density, and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis on the banks of the Barito River. This research was an analytical observational study using a case-control method. The sample size in this study was 1:2, with 15 cases and 30 controls, for a total of 45 samples. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test and the odds ratio test for risk factors. The results of the chi-square statistical test showed a relationship between the physical requirements of the house and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Barito riverbanks, Barito Kuala Regency, in 2023. Results Odd's ratio analysis showed that the variable temperature is 20 times, the humidity is 13 times, the lighting is 18 times, and the occupancy density is 11 times the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. People can get used to opening windows in the morning and not accumulate unused items in their rooms