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La signoria dei d’Arco nell’alto Garda
Get PDFITALIANO: Nel Trecento e nel Quattrocento i conti d’Arco, insediati al nord del lago di Garda, continuarono a lungo a sfruttare la rendita di posizione, fra gli stati dell’Italia settentrionale, il principato vescovile di Trento e i duchi d’Austria. All’inizio del Cinquecento furono infine costretti ad assoggettarsi all’impero, mentre la loro signoria si frazionava. I Conti d’Arco mantennero tuttavia
un certo prestigio, anche sul piano culturale, e il controllo di alcune istituzioni ecclesiastiche. / ENGLISH:
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the Counts of Arco, settled north of Lake Garda, continued for a long time to exploit the income from their position among the states of northern Italy, the Episcopal principality of Trento and the Dukes of Austria. At the beginning of the 16th century they were finally forced to submit to the Empire, while their seigniory was split up. The Counts of Arco nevertheless maintained a certain prestige, also on a cultural level, and control of some ecclesiastical institutions
La signoria rurale nell’Italia del tardo medioevo. 4: Quadri di sintesi e nuove prospettive di ricerca
Get PDFITAIANO: Nell’Italia del tardo medioevo, la signoria rurale ha avuto un’importanza spesso trascurata dagli studi. Eppure la sua diffusione era tutt’altro che marginale: anzi, nella maggioranza delle regioni italiane si stendeva su porzioni di popolazione e territorio più vaste, superiori a quelle raggiunte nei secoli precedenti. Nel 2017, per colmare questa carenza degli studi è stata intrapresa una ricerca collettiva, il PRIN La signoria rurale nel XIV-XV secolo: per ripensare l’Italia tardomedievale, di cui questo volume costituisce l’ultimo esito : si propone di ricapitolare le principali acquisizioni raggiunte e di fornire nuove riflessioni sulle molte tematiche trattate. Della signoria sono indagati l’economia e le forme di documentazione e celebrazione, il rapporto con città, strutture statali e organismi comunitari, l’azione politica dei sottoposti, l’impatto sociale e altro ancora. / ENGLISH: In late medieval Italy, the importance of lordship has often been overlooked by studies. Yet its diffusion was far from marginal: indeed, in most Italian regions it stretched over larger portions of population and territory, larger than in previous centuries. In 2017, a collective research project was undertaken to fill this gap in studies, the PRIN La signoria rurale nel XIV-XV secolo: per ripensare l’Italia tardomedievale. This volume constitutes its latest outcome. It summarises the main acquisitions achieved and provides new reflections on the many themes dealt with in the PRIN research: the economy of lordships, the forms of documentation and celebration, the relationship with cities, states and communities, the political action of the subjects, the social impact of lordship and more
A Companion to the Renaissance in Southern Italy (1350–1600)
Get PDFA Companion to the Renaissance in Southern Italy offers readers unfamiliar with Southern Italy an introduction to different aspects of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century history and culture of this vast and significant area of Europe, situated at the center of the Mediterranean. Commonly regarded as a backward, rural region untouched by the Italian Renaissance, the essays in this volume paint a rather different picture. The expert-written contributions present a general survey of the most recent research on the centers of southern Italy, as well as insight into the ground-breaking debates on wider themes, such as the definition of the city, continuity and discontinuity at the turn of the sixteenth century, and the effects of dynastic changes from the Angevin and Aragonese Kingdom to the Spanish Viceroyalty. Taken together, they form an essential resource on an important, yet all too often overlooked or misunderstood part of Renaissance Italy
Una famiglia, una signoria, una città. Politica e società nella contea orsiniana di Nola (XIV-XV secolo)
Get PDFITALIANO: La signoria feudale del Mezzogiorno e nel Mezzogiorno è un tema storiografico di lunga durata, che in anni recenti ha ripreso nuova linfa. Il ripensamento delle categorie interpretative del fenomeno signorile basso-medievale, una serie di approfondite analisi delle società rurali tardo-medievali e dei caratteri dei poteri feudali, le circostanziate ricostruzioni delle loro forme di amministrazione e di gestione, le indagini sulla semantica delle rappresentazioni e sul loro grado di pervasività hanno consentito il superamento di quel paradigma storiografico di una feudalità regnicola omogenea al proprio interno e monolitica nei suoi orientamenti. Inserendosi in questo dibattito, il volume propone un caso di studio: la signoria degli Orsini di Nola tra la Terra di Lavoro e il Principato Ultra (1293-1528). Attraverso l’esame di una varietà di fonti (documentarie, narrative, iconografiche e architettoniche), con particolare attenzione al secondo Quattrocento, l’Autore riflette sulle forme del radicamento del potere orsiniano, sui suoi rapporti con le élites della contea, sui processi di autorappresentazione. In tal modo egli offre un rilevante contributo allo studio dei signori e delle corti signorili nel Regno di Sicilia. / ENGLISH: The feudal lordship of Southern Italy and in Southern Italy is a long-lasting historiographic theme, which has taken on new life in recent years. The rethinking of the interpretative categories of the medieval lordship, a series of in-depth analyses of the late-medieval rural societies and the characteristics of the feudal powers, the detailed reconstructions of their forms of administration and management, the investigations into the semantics of representations have allowed the overcoming of that historiographic paradigm of a Southern baronial class which was internally homogeneous and monolithic in its orientations. Aiming to follow this path, this book puts a case study forth: the lordship of the Orsini, counts of Nola, between Terra di Lavoro and Principato Ultra (1293-1528). Using a wide variety of sources (documentary, literary, iconographic and architectural), the author reconstructs how the Orsini were able to entrench themselves within this territory, exposing their network of relationships with Nola’s most prominent families, and analysing the processes of their self-representation through artistic patronage
Florence vêtue de draps de France. L’habillement des Florentins à travers les comptabilités domestiques de la fin du XIIIe siècle
Get PDFFRANÇAIS: L’article étudie les modes de consommation vestimentaire des Florentins à la fin du XIIIe siècle
à travers un corpus de comptabilités domestiques, déjà publiées, mais jamais étudiées du point de vue de l’habillement. Il met en évidence la prépondérance de certains types de vêtements (gonelle, garnache, etc.) et le faible degré de différenciation des habillements masculins et féminins ou des habillements de la ville et du contado (etc.), avant de montrer que les critères de distinction et de hiérarchie ne se percevaient pas au niveau du vêtement mais au niveau de l’étoffe. Aussi, il remarque la grande diffusion des draps de laine originaires du Royaume de
France (Flandre, Artois, Normandie et Île-de-France) et, dans le même temps, la faible présence des draps florentins et italiens dans la garde-robe de la bourgeoisie d’affaires, puis s’interroge sur le marché des draps de laine à Florence autour de 1300. Enfin, la dernière partie de l’article
connecte les résultats obtenus à partir du corpus étudié avec une série de thèmes connexes, comme l’histoire de la consommation, l’histoire des lois somptuaires, l’histoire sociale et politique de Florence et l’histoire du genre. / ENGLISH: The paper studies the patterns of clothing consumption of the Florentines in the late 13th centu-
ry from a corpus of domestic accounts, previously published, but never analyzed from the perspective of clothing. It highlights the prevalence of some types of clothing (gonnella, guarnacca, etc.) and the low degree of differentiation between men’s and women’s clothing or between the clothing of the city and that of the contado (etc.), and shows that the criteria of distinction and hierarchy was not perceived at the level of clothing but at the level of the fabric. Moreover, it stresses the wide distribution of woolen cloths originating from the Realm of France (Flanders, Artois, Normandy, and Île-de-France) and, conversely, the sparse presence of Florentine and Italian cloths in the wardrobe of the business class, and then examines the market for woolen cloths in Florence around 1300. Finally, the last part of the article connects the results obtained from the corpus with a series of related themes, such as the history of consumption, the history
of sumptuary laws, the social and political history of Florence and the history of gender
Il valore delle vesti a Bologna fra Due e Trecento. Un’indagine dalle denunce dei furti e alcune considerazioni sul destino delle vesti rubate
Get PDFITALIANO: Si presenta il frutto di una ricerca sul valore economico delle vesti che circolavano a Bologna fra Due e Trecento indagate attraverso le denunce dei furti conservate presso il fondo dei Giudici ad maleficia dell’Archivio di Stato di Bologna. La storiografia ha evidenziato la funzione di succedanei del denaro dei capi di abbigliamento che entravano con facilità nel circuito dei beni impegnati, incrementando il mercato dell’usato. Parte delle vesti di seconda mano proveniva da furti. La scelta delle fonti di carattere giudiziario alla base di questa indagine si è rivelata in grado di restituire non solo descrizioni e valori economici ma anche informazioni sul traffico
degli oggetti sottratti. / ENGLISH: The article presents the result of a research on the economic value of garments that circulated in Bologna between the thirteenth and fourteen centuries, as investigated through the study of theft reports preserved in the Giudici ad maleficia collection of the State Archive of Bologna. Historiography has highlighted the function of clothing as a money substitute that easily entered the circuit of pawned goods, boosting the second-hand market. Some of the second-hand clothing came from theft. The choice of judicial sources was able to provide not only descriptions and economic values but also information about the trafficking of the stolen items
Uno spettro si aggira per l’Italia. Limiti e prospettive dello studio della “presenza imperiale” nell’Italia tardo medievale
Get PDFITALIANO: Il saggio discute sotto vari aspetti il volume curato da Anne Huijbers, "Emperors and imperial
discourse in Italy, c. 1300-1500", ponendo l’accento fra l’altro sulla novità del taglio epistemologico del libro rispetto alla storiografia italiana, spesso refrattaria alla storia delle idee; sono posti al centro della discussione i temi del discorso politico e della spazialità. / ENGLISH: This essay discusses in various aspects the volume edited by Anne Huijbers, "Emperors and imperial discourse in Italy, c. 1300-1500", emphasising the novelty of the book’s EpistemologicalVorientation with respect to Italian historiography, which is often refractory to the history of
ideas. the themes of political discourse and spatiality are central to the discussion
Polarisation ecclésiale et dynamique sociale. À propos des groupes d’habitants dans le haut Moyen Âge
Get PDFFRANÇAIS: L’histoire des “communautés” du haut Moyen Âge est aujourd’hui renouvelée par la recherche archéologique. Nombre de données matérielles permettent désormais d’appréhender des pratiques collectives liant entre eux des groupes d’“habitants” ou de “voisins”, pour reprendre des
termes récurrents dans la documentation écrite. Ces pratiques concernent le partage du sol en parcelles, l’organisation de chemins et de parcours, la mise en place de structures de production spécialisées et d’aires de stockage, l’aménagement de lieux communs tels que les églises et les espaces funéraires. Pour rendre compte de ces processus d’organisation sociale articulés à des lieux dominants, on propose ici la notion de “polarisation”. Les lieux de culte ont joué un tel rôle polarisateur dès le IVe siècle dans les cités, puis à partir des Ve et VIe siècles au sein du monde rural, dans des contextes d’habitat regroupé, distendu ou dispersé. En favorisant échanges entre “voisins”, contrôle de la production, surveillance mutuelle des personnes et communion des vivants et des morts, les relations sociales et les usages qui se sont développés
au sein de “paroisses” (progressivement territorialisées) ont contribué à transformer les gens en “(co)habitants”. On s’interroge enfin sur le moteur de cette dynamique socio-spatiale, en évitant de devoir choisir entre une domination imposée d’en-haut et des initiatives collectives venues
d’en-bas. Tandis que la polarisation contribuait à fixer ou à contrôler les populations selon des mécanismes qui ne faisaient pas appel à la violence, les rapports entre “habitants” et “voisins” s’inscrivaient dans un large spectre de positions sociales assurant aux acteurs certaines marges de manœuvre que favorisait la maîtrise d’une partie au moins des moyens de production. / ENGLISH: The history of early medieval communities has been renewed by archaeological research, which has provided a great deal of material data that makes it possible to understand the collective practices that linked groups of “inhabitants” or “neighbours” (to use terms that appear repeatedly in the documentary record). These practices concern the division of land into lots, the organisation of paths and itineraries, the setting up of specialist production structures and storage areas, and the development of common places such as churches and burial grounds. To describe these processes of social organisation linked to dominant places, we propose the notion of “polarisation”. Places of worship played such a “polarising” role from the 4th century in cities, then
from the 5 th and 6 th centuries in the rural world, in contexts of grouped, distended or dispersed habitat. By promoting exchanges between “neighbours”, control of production, mutual surveillance of people and communion between the living and the dead, the social relations and uses developed in particular within “parishes” that have become progressively territorialized have contributed to transforming people into co-residents. Finally, we question the driving force behind this socio-spatial dynamic, avoiding the choice between domination imposed from above
and collective initiatives from below. While polarisation helped to fix or control populations through mechanisms that did not involve violence, the relationships between “inhabitants” and “neighbours” were part of a broad spectrum of social positions that ensured actors certain margins of manoeuvre favoured by the control of at least part of the means of production
"Et cussì la fine serebe tuta disipata": alcuni documenti sul "gualdo" a Chieri nel quattrocento
Get PDFColloidal Synthesis of Hybrids Graphene-Mo2C with Potential Application in Water Splitting
No full textGraphene is a carbon allotrope that is formed by a single layer of carbon atoms, which are tightly bounded in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. It was isolated for the first time by Andre K. Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of the University of Manchester in the early 2000s. From that moment, this material has gained enormous interest due to its promising properties for different applications. These include high thermal and electrical conductivities, high elasticity and flexibility, high resistance, or antibacterial effect, among other. However, graphene can be decorated with metals, organics, or other phases to improve its characteristics for certain applications, for instance in sensors or catalyzers for water splitting. As it is possible to check, one of the fields
where the hybrids graphene-metal phase (i. e. strontium titanate or molybdenum disulfide) is gaining interest is in the field of catalyzers to produce hydrogen from the water splitting. Apart from the above-mentioned combinations, one of the options that is more hopeful in the field of catalyzers for hydrogen evolution is the decoration of graphene with molybdenum (II) carbide. Different alternative methods have been proposed for the synthesis of these nanocomposites, although the common issue of the processes is the complexity of the method with the use of several stages, long processes, or complex reagents. Therefore, a novel process based on colloidal processing method is proposed to synthesize the hybrids using molybdenum chloride as precursor of the carbide