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Storiografie italiane del XII secolo. Riflessioni introduttive
Full text linkITALIANO: Lo scopo di questo saggio è ricostruire il quadro storiografico nel quale si situano le più recenti ricerche sulla produzione storiografica dell’Italia del XII secolo. Inoltre, viene presentata la struttura del volume e i contenuti e i problemi dei saggi che lo compongono. / ENGLISH: This essay aims to reconstruct the historiographical framework in which the most recent schol-
arship on the historiographical production in 12th-century Italy is located. The essay also provides an outline of the structure of the entire volume and a survey of the contents and problems tackled in the single papers
Storiografie italiane del XII secolo. Contesti di scrittura, elaborazione e uso in una prospettiva comparata
Full text linkITALIANO: I saggi raccolti in questo volume sono dedicati alla dimensione pragmatica della scrittura della storia nell’Italia del XII secolo. Tutti i contributi possono essere letti seguendo poche domande guida: perché e da chi venivano scritte le cronache? In quali ambiti e con quali obiettivi circolavano? Come venivano usate nell’agone politico? Attraverso un’innovativa prospettiva comparativa, che tiene insieme l’Italia meridionale e l’Italia
centrosettentrionale, l’obiettivo principale del volume è problematizzare, attraverso casi di studio concreti, le funzioni sociali e politiche della storia nell’Italia del XII secolo. ENGLISH: The essays collected in this volume are dedicated to the pragmatic dimension of the writing of history in 12th-century Italy. All the contributions can be read by following a few guiding questions: why and by whom were chronicles written? In what spheres and with what objectives did they circulate? How were they used in the political arena? Through an innovative comparative perspective, which holds southern and central-northern Italy together, the main objective of the volume is to problematise, by means of concrete case studies, social and political significance of history writing in 12th-century Italy
Asini, battelli e la ‘crescita economica’ di XII secolo: uno sguardo archeologico sull’Italia settentrionale
Full text linkITALIANO: Il contributo riflette sulle dinamiche delle produzioni e dei commerci dell’Italia settentrionale a partire dal volume di Chris Wickham (The Donkey and the Boat). In particolare la discussione si sofferma sui secoli X-XII, evidenziando una serie di aspetti connessi ai diversi sistemi di fonti materiali utilizzati nel volume per descrivere la fase di crescita economica e ai tempi di sviluppo della stessa. The Donkey and the Boat rappresenta un volume di grande interesse per l’utilizzo interdisciplinare delle fonti, sia per le ricadute interpretative sul piano storico, quanto per quelle metodologiche. / ENGLISH: This contribution reflects on the dynamics of production and trade in Northern Italy, drawing from Chris Wickham’s volume The Donkey and the Boat. The discussion focuses particularly on the 10th to 12th centuries, highlighting various aspects connected to the different systems of material sources used in the volume to describe the phase of economic growth and its development timeline. The Donkey and the Boat is a highly valuable work for its interdisciplinary use of sources, with significant interpretative implications both historically and methodologically
Fronteras jurisdiccionales y notariado público en Cataluña: el caso de la Bisbalia de Girona en el siglo XIV
Full text linkESPAÑOL: Este artículo analiza la problemática generada en torno a la autoridad que nombra a los notarios en la parte del territorio de la diócesis de Girona conocida como la Bisbalia. Allí se produce una superposición de jurisdicciones que afectan a los nombramientos de notarios por parte de las diferentes autoridades. Esta situación es aprovechada por algunos notarios que consiguen diferentes nóminas, lo que les permite actuar en un espacio competencial mucho más extenso. El análisis se lleva a cabo a partir de los nombramientos de notarios y de la documentación generada por las propias notarías. Con los registros notariales se puede observar el alcance de la actividad de los notarios en su zona de competencia y las diferencias entre los protocolos generados por los notarios episcopales y los reales. ENGLISH: This article analyses the problems generated around the authority that appoints notaries in the part of the territory of the diocese of Girona known as Bisbalia. Here, there is an overlapping of
jurisdictions that affects the appointments of notaries by the different authorities. This situation is taken advantage of by some notaries who obtain different salaries, which enables them to act in a much larger area of jurisdiction. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the notaries’
appointments and the documentation generated by the notary’s offices themselves. The notarial registers make it possible to observe the extent of the activity of the notaries in their area of jurisdiction and the differences between the protocols generated by the episcopal notaries and the royal notaries
Una ‘storiografia dei giudici’? Pisa, Lodi, Genova nel XII secolo
Full text linkITALIANO: A partire da una rilettura critica del dibattito sulle linee evolutive della storiografica laica nel
medioevo comunale, il saggio indaga, sulla base di una nuova analisi dei Gesta Triumphalia per Pisanos facta, la fenomenologia culturale e le linee di sviluppo della ‘storiografia dei giudici’ del XII secolo. In particolare, il saggio pone in luce, in ottica comparata, la rilevanza del segmento socio-professionale dei giudici e degli esperti di diritto (e non dei notai) nella scrittura delle
cronache di questo periodo. All’interno di questo gruppo le cronache avevano una modalità di circolazione non pubblica né privata ma collocabile in una fase intermedia che rimanda al modo in cui gli autori e i lettori se ne servivano. / ENGLISH: Starting from a critical reinterpretation of the debate on the evolutionary lines of lay historiography in the medieval commune, the essay investigates, on the basis of a new analysis of the Gesta Triumphalia per Pisanos facta, the cultural phenomenology and the lines of development of the ‘historiography of judges’ in the 12th century. In particular, the essay highlights, from a
comparative perspective, the relevance of the socio-professional segment of judges and legal experts (and not notaries) in the writing of the chronicles of this period. Within this group, the chronicles had a mode of circulation that was neither public nor private, but which can be placed
in an intermediate phase that refers to the way in which the authors and the readers used them
Naumachie padane. Il Liber Cumanus tra modelli letterari e suggestioni politiche
Full text linkITALIANO: Il poema sulla guerra tra Milano e Como (Liber Cumanus) e la Historia Mediolanensis di Landolfo Iuniore fanno riferimento ai medesimi eventi e, pur avendo orientamenti politici opposti, impiegano argomenti simili. Entrambe le opere sembrano provenire dal medesimo ambiente
culturale, ovvero il clero secolare italico dedito agli studi grammaticali. Entrambe sembrano progettate per un uso strategico nell’ambito della diplomazia lombarda della prima metà del secolo XII. Il saggio si conclude con l’ipotesi che la rigogliosa storiografia cittadina del XIII e XIV secolo abbia potuto contare su molti altri esempi di epica locale del secolo XII non giunti fino a noi. / ENGLISH: The poem on the war between Milan and Como (Liber Cumanus) and Landulph Iunior’s Historia Mediolanensis refer to the same events and, despite having opposite political orientations, employ similar arguments. Both works seem to come from the same cultural milieu, namely the learned secular Italic clergy. Both seem to have been designed for strategic use in the context of Lombard diplomacy in the first half of the 12th century. The essay concludes with the hypothesis that the flourishing city historiography of the 13th and 14th centuries could have relied on many other examples of 12th century local epics that have not transmitted to posterity
Frontier practices in the early Carolingian Period
Full text linkFocusing on early Carolingian frontier’s practices, the paper opens discussing the topic’s significant scholarship, debating influential work of the past up to the developments of the last years. Afterwards, the frontier’s role between Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages is discussed in detail, focusing on fortifications, violence, and terminology. Finally, the Alpine clusae at the end of the Lombard rule, as well as the Carolingian expansion to the east are taken in exam. Due to a fortunate conjuncture of different sources, the two case-studies enable to enlighten important
aspects of early medieval frontiers
A blurred frontier: the territories between the kingdom of Asturias and al-Andalus (eighth and ninth centuries)
Full text linkThe Islamic conquest of the kingdom of Toledo brought about the disappearance of central authority in certain regions of the Iberian Peninsula. This is what happened on the Duero Plateau, which, between the eighth century and the mid-ninth century, was an area bereft of any type of complex political structure. The paper provides an analysis of certain elements of political organization during that period, defined by fragmentation and the existence of numerous smallsized territories that were associated with the management of common lands. It was in an area on the fringes of Asturians and Andalusians that a blurred frontier was drawn, where some influences of al-Andalus can be identified. After the second half of the ninth century, the kingdom of the Asturias spread across these territories at the same time as the county of Castile became consolidated. This increase in complexity created formerly non-existent struggles against the Muslims, and gave rise to a new frontier, although the areas south of the Duero generally remained outside the scope of Asturian, Castilian and Andalusian authority
Carolingian koinè and documentary frontiers of the kingdom of Italy
Full text linkEven in relation to the history of documentation – given its nature as legal history, social history, history of institutions and ideas – we encounter the theme of frontiers, since the latter is inseparable from that of exchanges. From the beginning of the ninth century, when Europe was, economically and politically, Carolingian, cultural ties (and thus also the circulation of documentary models) were always assumed to have been active from the Frankish area to the newly-conquered regions. Lombard Italy, as one of the many Urkundenlandschaften of the Empire, does not appear to have been an exception. If the changes to written instruments (diplomas and notitiae iudicati) directly instrumental to political communication from the top, as well as dispute resolution according to the scheme of the placitum, were evident and nearly immediate, even the composite panorama of private charters began to be standardised and typified and the inclusion of ruling elites from across the Alps established in the peninsula a legal pluralism previously unknown. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the rhythms of that change, their form and importance and, in particular, the areas to which they refer, and the possible maintenance – in terms of creation and/or consolidation –, in the face of the new Carolingian koinè, of “borders” internal to the kingdom. Leaving aside all the constraints placed on this research by sources with diverse structures among the various territorial sets, such a plurality of situations must be evaluated from the degree of penetration of the imported material, and of the response
models of traditional documentary cultures, thus assigning the right value to the undoubted peculiarities, without giving up on the verification of crossovers between environments which are very clearly far from impermeable
Divided by the Danube? Political boundaries and cultural continuities
Full text linkBased on the material culture, combined with Frankish and Bavarian written evidence relating to the royal court and Bavarian bishoprics, the ninth-century Bavarian Eastern March and its surroundings is being used as an example for analyzing the imperial imagining of frontier areas, their integration into the Carolingian realm, and the local reaction on those processes