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Characterization of phenolics and biological activities of different solvent extracts from Withania somnifera fruit
No full textThe present work studies the profiling of phenolic bioactive and in vitro biological (anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial) activities of different solvent extracts from Withania
somnifera fruit. Anticancer activity was performed using potato-disc assay and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. While antibacterial and antifungal evaluation was done by using disc diffusion method against bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and
Klebsiella pneumonia) and fungal (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum) strains.
Among different extraction solvents used, n-hexane extract exhibited the highest inhibition of
tumour initiation (64%), whereas ethyl acetate (15%) was the lowest by using potato-disc
assay. Highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were noted for methanolic (69.10
GAE mg/g DW%) and n-hexane (29.45 CE mg/g DW%) extracts, respectively. For antioxidant potential, 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (IC50) and reducing power EC50 were noted to be superior (0.6 and 2.0 mg/mL, respectively) for n-hexane
extract. All the tested extracts showed considerable antibacterial and antifungal activity with
the highest growth inhibition zones for K. pneumoniae (31.70 mm) and A. flavus (27.09 mm)
were shown by n-hexane extract. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of individual phenolics (gallic acid, 2,288.48 mg/kg) indicated the highest contents of these
compounds in n-hexane extract, which might explain the potent biological activities of this
extract. Our findings revealed that the bioactive present in the tested fruit had significant
potential as anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. Further studies are needed to
elucidate the mechanism of actions of isolated bioactive against specific diseases such as
cancer, especially in the case of n-hexane fraction
Attitude towards science learning among non-science majors
No full text(2) Usefulness of the
Subject Content: t(77.571) = -0.838, p = 0.40
A review of the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement for road paving applications
No full textOne of the most frequently used waste materials is reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The use of RAP can help reduce the cost of a project and ensure that the project is eco-friendly. Therefore, the aim of this study is to give a detailed description of the production of RAP to ensure that the rehabilitation and maintenance of pavements as well as the construction of pavements are environmentally friendly and cost effective. Previous works have shown the benefits of using RAP with regard to its ability to produce equally good or even superior results compared to the use of virgin or original mixes if they are properly produced and applied. Among the benefits of RAP mixes are good moisture resistance and higher density. This review also demonstrate the critical importance of using RAP in asphalt mixtures
Phenolic profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic, DNA protection, and cytotoxic activities of Allium kurtzianum
No full textPersimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) seed: a potential nutritional source with antioxidant and pharmaceutical activity
No full textDevelopment of a simple paper-based colorimetric diagnostic platform for sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium
No full textSalmonella has long been recognised as the most common and primary cause of food
poisoning in many countries. Its detection is still primarily based on conventional
microbiological culture methods, which are considered as time-consuming and labour-intensive. Accordingly, the development of a rapid, simple, and reliable detection method to detect
Salmonella is crucial to maintain public health safety and security. We report herein the
development of a simple and rapid paper-based platform to detect S. typhimurium. Salmonella
polyclonal antibody was utilised to capture the target cells, and a direct sandwich
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) format was then developed using an
immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as the enzyme label.
Nitro blue tetrazolium-(5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) was used as enzyme mediator
system, which produced a bluish-purple colour on the surface of the paper platform. The
developed colour signal was then analysed using a scanner for quantitative analysis. This
method was highly sensitive with a limit of detection of 6 CFU mL-1 without requiring
expensive or advanced equipment. Bare eyes observation can be used for qualitative analysis,
thus showing the ability of this method to be used for on-site detection and in resources-limited environment
Vibration-assisted forward osmosis process for Mao (Antidesma bunius L. Spreng) juice concentration: water flux enhancement and preservation of phytochemicals
No full textThe experimental water flux of the forward osmosis (FO) process is much lower than the
theoretical flux due to the existence of the internal concentration polarisation (ICP), external
concentration polarisation (ECP), and membrane fouling. In the present work, vibration was
integrated with the FO process to enhance water flux in water and Mao (Antidesma bunius L.
Spreng) juice concentration. In addition, the capability of the FO process in preserving
phytochemicals was studied. The use of the vibration assisted technique could enhance the
water flux up to 23% during the FO process of distilled water due to the reduction of ICP, and
a much higher water flux enhancement (up to 70%) was attained during the FO of Mao juice
due to the reduction of ICP, ECP, and fouling. Phytochemicals including total phenolic
compounds, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid were preserved up to 82.7, 72.6, and 95.9%,
respectively. These results suggest that membrane vibration is a promising technique for the
enhancement of the FO process performance
