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Review of Coronavirus transmission in urban clusters: survival in water and wastewater systems
No full textThe ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected over 58 million people and claimed over 1.58 millions deaths globally (as of 11th December 2020) since its first outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Initially, the numbers of infected patients and death was largely contained in China with 98% of all confirmed infected cases. However, the increased rate of new infected cases outside of China like United States, Italy, and Spain raises questions on the virus characteristics and its routes of transmission. Although the main transmission modes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are through direct contact and respiratory droplet/aerosol inhalation, current studies stipulate that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is found in sewerage, suggesting the potential transmission of SARS-COV-2 through wastewater systems. This paper seeks to review potential exposure routes of SARS-COV-2 in urban environments, the survival rate of coronaviruses that pose human health risks, and to provide relevant safety recommendations to reduce the impact of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need for wastewater effluent and water treatment supply epidemiology surveillance, especially in developing countries with subpar wastewater treatment systems and infrastructure to reduce human and ecological risks to protect populations from infectious diseases outbreak
Moisture equilibration on Germinability and seedling performance of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) seed
No full textIdentification of genetic diversity among basil (Ocimum Sp.) accessions collected from Africa, Europe, Asia, And Usa
No full textBasil (Ocimum sp.), belonging to family Lamiaceae is very important for their therapeutic potentials and medicinal properties. In the present study, 62 basil accessions collected from different regions of the world were analyzed for the assessment of genetic diversity using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR). Four primers generated a total of 36 amplified fragments with an average of nine polymorphic bands per primer. The maximum number of fragments was produced by primers 807 and 872 with 100% polymorphism, while the minimum number of fragments was produced by primers 841 and 858 with 100% polymorphism. The highest similarity index was 0.59 and the least similarly index was 0.04. The unweighted pair- group method was done using UPGMA clustering, classified the studied accessions in two major groups. It was concluded that high genetic variations were detected among the 62 Basil accessions. Based on the findings of this study, the ISSR markers are very useful for analyzing the genetic variations for exploitation of basil in industrial applications
Physico-chemical properties of ultrabasic soil from Mibang, Ranau, Sabah
No full textAssessment on the physico-chemical properties of ultrabasic soil from Mibang, Ranau for agricultural suitability was carried out. Physico-chemical parameters investigated includes soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available macronutrients, heavy metals, organic matter and particle size separates. These parameters were evaluated for their suitability for rice crops by comparing with the MARDI standard. This assessment is necessary to enlighten whether this type of soil is suitable for cultivation. The results showed pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter content were within the suitable range for agriculture, cation exchange capacity was below the suitable value and the heavy metals Ni, Cr and Co were above the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) which is not suitable for agriculture. Whilst some physico-chemical properties of soil can be considered suitable for agriculture, the high amount of heavy metals rendered the soil unsuitable for paddy plant cultivatio
Experiences during teaching practice: perspectives of students in an open, distance and e-learning institution
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Cholinesterase-based biosensor for preliminary detection of toxic heavy metals in the environment and agricultural-based products
No full textHeavy metals with high chemical activity from sludge and waste release, agriculture, and
mining activity are a major concern. They should be carefully managed before reaching the
main water bodies. Excessive exposure to heavy metal may cause toxic effect to any types of
organism from the biomolecular to the physiological level, and ultimately cause death. Monitoring is the best technique to ensure the safety of our environment before a rehabilitation is
needed. Nowadays, enzyme-based biosensors are utilised in biomonitoring programmes as
this technique allows for a real-time detection and rapid result. It is also inexpensive and easy
to handle. Enzyme-based biosensors are an alternative for the preliminary screening of
contamination before a secondary screening is performed using high-performance technology.
This review highlights the current knowledge on enzyme-based biosensors, focusing on
cholinesterase for toxic metal detection in the environment
Effect of selected high pressure processing parameters on the sensory attributes and shelf life of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) bulb packed using different packaging materials
No full textCrystallisation behaviour of sunflower and longan honey with glucose addition by absorbance measurement
No full textThe present work aimed to study the crystallisation behaviour of honey with glucose addition
by using the absorbance measurement at 660 nm. The Avrami model was used to explain the
crystallisation kinetic. The effect of glucose addition on the colour and microstructure of
crystallised honey was also determined. Sunflower and longan honey were used in the present
work. The biochemical compositions of honey samples were analysed before the addition of
glucose powder at four concentrations (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5
Health benefits of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as zero calorie natural sweetener: a review
No full textStevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herbal species with a number of therapeutic properties. The leaves of S. rebaudiana are the most important part of the plant as they contain high
level of sweetener compounds known as steviol glycosideswhich are known to possess
antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. Among the steviol glycosides, stevioside
and rebaudioside A are the most abundant sweetening compounds of interest, documented to
be 30 - 250 folds sweeter than sucrose or refined sugar. The therapeutic properties of the
species make it more interesting as they play important roles as anti-hyperglycaemic agent to
lower glucose levels in the blood, thus commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
and obesity. Known to have sweet tasting leaves, its extract which contains antioxidant
compounds have been used to treat cancer, reduce inflammatory, and hypertension. S. rebaudiana has drawn the attention of health-conscious fitness lovers all over the world as non-caloric sweetener, and has been widely cultivated for being the most suitable sweetening substitution