Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Characterization Roasting Level of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Komasti and Andungsari
Full text linkCoffee is one of the drinks that are often consumed by the public Indonesia. Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) is a national coffee and cocoa research and development institution has 2 superior Arabica coffee seeds, namely Andungsari 2K Arabica Coffee and Komasti (Andungsari 3 Composite). In general, the sequence of dry processing of coffee cherries includes fruit picking, fruit sorting, fruit drying, pulping and hulling. Next is the roasting process before it becomes coffee grounds. The roasting process converts unsavory raw coffee beans into a drink with a delicious aroma and taste. The perfection of coffee roasting is influenced by 2 factors, namely heat and time, equipment and tools roasting and quality of coffee beans. From the results of treatments 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 minutes, coffee with city roast criteria was produced in the 7th treatment, namely 14 minutes, with the first crack at 11.30 minutes at 154 °C, the color of the beans dark chocolate, has the most popular taste. For treatment 8 (14 minutes) and 9 (18 minutes) the color is more black, oily and smokey, the taste is more espresso. The roasting equipment used is in the dark roast category at a temperature of 170-195 °C
Callus Regeneration of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. In Vitro
Full text linkGynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is one of the species of Asteraceae which is potential as medicinal. Propagation of the species could be conducted by vegetative, so the plant genetic variability is narrow. Genetic variability could be increased by somaclonal variation through callus culture. There is no report on in vitro regeneration from callus culture, although this method could assist further genetic improvement of plants. In this experiment, different concentrations of 2,4- D (0.1 ; 0.3 ; 0.5 mg L -1 ) singly or combination with BA (0.1 ; 0.3 and 0.5 mg L -1 ) were evaluated for callus induction and several concentrations of BA (0 ; 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0 mg -1 ) combination with kinetin (0.1 and 0.3 mg-1) were observed for ability of callus formed shoots. The results showed that the best media for callus induction was 0.5 mg L -1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L -1 BA. This treatment produced friable callus structure, no roots and yellowish white. Callus regeneration was obtained on the combination of 0.1 mg L -1 BA. + 0.1 mg L -1 kinetin and 0.1 mg L -1 BA + 0.5 mg L -1 kinetin but the percentage was still low. Keywords: G procumbens {Lour.} Merr, induction, regeneration, calli, in vitr
The Diversity of Avifauna and Potency for Development of Ecoturism in Minangkabau Village, Padang Panjang City
Full text linkPadang Panjang has several tourist attractions surrounded by secondary forests with natural vegetation, one of them is the Minangkabau Village. The Minangkabau village has potencies to be an ecotourism object. This study aims to analyze the potential of avifauna that have an attraction for ecotourism development, determine the role of stakeholders in supporting ecotourism development in Padang Panjang, and analyze development priorities as its potencies and objects of ecotourism attraction in Padang Panjang. We used The MacKinnon method by conducting direct surveys in the field when the birds are active in the morning and evening. Deep interviews were conducted with Dinas Pemuda Olahraga dan Pariwisata (Disporapar) Kota Padang Panjang to determine stakeholders' role in tourism activities in Padang Panjang. SWOT analysis is carried out to see the priority of ecotourism development so that it is more focused and able to contribute to ecotourism areas and the community. The data obtained were analyzed to calculate the Diversity Index, Species Richness, and Species Evenness. The research results show that the Minangkabau Village areas have high diversity, richness, and evenness of bird species, namely H' 3.21, DM 7.50, and ED 0.85. There were 43 bird species from 23 families. Species that has high conservation status are Serindit Melayu (Loriculus galgulus) protected species, Jalak Kerbau (Acridotheres javanicus) with Vulnerable IUCN status, Julang Emas (Rhyticeros undulatus) Vulnerable IUCN status also protected and 2 species of Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis and Spilornis cheela). These species have potencies to be developed as an ecotourism attraction object that stakeholders support as coaches and companions. The strategy for developing ecotourism in Padang Panjang under its potencies for biodiversity is to increase public knowledge about animal conservation (especially avifauna), biodiversity, and the adverse effects of hunting and collaborate to manage ecotourism by hiking/jungle tracking and birdwatching
In Vitro Callus Induction in Tacca (Tacca chantrieri Andre) Leaf Explants on Murashige and Skoog Media with Different Concentrations of Sucrose
Full text linkTacca chantrieri belongs to the family Taccaceae has black flowers and has a long filiform that looks like a bat. T. chantrieri contains phytochemicals in the form of spritosol saponins used as traditional medicine by the people of China and Thailand. The amount of land clearing, forest exploitation and habitat destruction resulted in a reduction in the number of T. chantrieri, so T. chantrieri was propagated to maintain its sustainability. One way that can be used is the in vitro culture technique, namely callus culture. Callus culture is an early stage of in vitro culture technique where this stage aims to produce and multiply callus cells. The purpose of the study is were to determine the effect of different sucrose concentrations on callus induction from T. chantrieri leaf explants and determine the best sucrose concentrations for callus culture from T. chantrieri leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. This study used a single factor completely randomized design (CRD), namely sucrose concentrations 0 g/l, 10 g/l, 20 g/l, 30 g/l, 40 g/l, 50 g/l with five replications. The results of this study showed that the administrations of sucrose with different concentrations on MS media had an effect on increasing callus induction in Tacca chantrieri leaves. The best sucrose concertations for callus induction of Tacca chantrieri leaves was the addition of 40 g/l sucrose at 20 days after planting, 60 % callus formation percentage, callus formed in the form of compact callus and produce yellow-white callus. Keywords: Tacca chantrieri, sucrose, callus, Murashige and Skoog
Water Quality Bioassessment Using Macrozoobenthos In The Batang Arau River, Padang City
Full text linkResearch on Water Quality Bioassessment Using Macrozoobenthic in the Batang Arau River, Padang City was carried out in March - September 2021. This study aims to determine the composition and structure of the macrozoobenthic community and water quality in the Batang Arau River based on the BMWP-ASPT index. This research uses the survey method and station determination by purposive sampling, based on environmental conditions. Macrozoobenthic samples were collected by using Surber net 30x30 cm2 and Eckman grab 15x15 cm2, and physical and chemical factors were also measured. The results showed that the macrozoobenthic communities found in the Batang Arau River were 37 genera with the composition of 6 genera Gastropods, 28 genera Insect, 2 genera Hirudinea, and 1 genus Oligochaeta. The total density of macrozoobenthic ranged from 140-1775 ind/m2 with the highest density at Station V and the lowest at Station III. The predominant genus (KR ≥ 10%) found at each station varied, Station I and Station II were Orthocladius and Caenis; Station III was Polypedium, Orthocladius, Baetis, and Elophila, Station IV was Orthocladius, Caenis, Erpobdella, Hellopdella, and Tubifex, and Station V was Melanoides. The diversity index of macrozoobenthic (H') in the Batang Arau River was 2.38 ranging from 0.5-2.57 classified as low to moderate, and the distribution of the macrozoobenthic population (E) is 0.65, ranging from 0.25-0.8 classified as uneven to equally. The water quality in the Batang Arau River based on the BMWP-ASPT index at Stations I and II are classified as unpolluted, Station III was lightly polluted, Station IV was moderately polluted, and Station V was heavily polluted
Bird Species Based On Altitudinal Zonation On Mount Kerinci Hiking Trail Through Kersik Tuo
Full text linkAltitudinal gradient has specific factors that affect the composition of the bird community. A study of bird species based on altitude zonation on the Mount Kerinci hiking trail through Kersik Tuo, Kerinci, Jambi was conducted in August 2021 to know how the composition and structure of bird communities differed based on altitude zonation. This study was conducted using the point-count method. Point-count distributed along the hiking trail from 1,755 to 2,906 m asl and included in three zones (Zone I: 1,755 - 1,900 m asl: Zone II: 1,901 - 2,500 m asl: and Zone III: above 2,501 m asl). Four hundred sixty-seven individuals from 78 species of birds were recorded along the hiking trail. This number indicates that the number of bird species in the study at Mount Kerinci was more than the number of bird species in the study at other mountains in Sumatra. Species richness was the highest in Zone I (54 species), followed by Zone II (34 species) and Zone III (20 species). The species richness decrease as elevation increases
Addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) to Induction of Drendan Seeds Buds (Lansium domesticum var. aqueum (Jack) Miq.) by In Vitro
Full text linkDrendan (Lansium domesticum var. aqueum (Jack) Miq. is one of Indonesia's native tropical fruits. Drendan has high antioxidant activity and contains high nutrients, but has started to rarely be found in the field because its management and cultivation is rarely done due to its sour taste in vitro culture is a method or technique of plant propagation which can be an alternative to obtaining drendan seedlings in large quantities and in a short time vegetatively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of BAP on shoot induction from drendan seed explants and determine the best concentration of BAP on shoot growth of drendan seed explants in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with BAP concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg / L BAP. The result of this research is the addition of BAP has been able to increase the percentage of live explants and the percentage of shoot formation. Giving BAP did not significantly affect the number of shoots and had a significant effect on shoot emergence time and shoot length. The addition of BAP resulted in slower shoot emergence time. Giving BAP was not able to stimulate shoot induction, but the addition of BAP could increase shoot length growth at a concentration of 5 mg / L BAP of 0.52 cm
Distribution Pattern and Mapping of Invasive Alien Species Bellucia pentamera in Conservation Area of PT. Tidar Kerinci Agung (TKA) Solok Selatan
Full text linkBellucia pentamera is one of the most dangerous invasive alien species for environment. This species had been invaded many forests in Indonesia. This species would invade more area due to deforestation. The objectives of this study were to know the mapping and distribution pattern of B. pentamera; to know the effects of distance from road and light intensity to distribution of B. pentamera. This study was conducted from March to August 2020 in Conservation Area of PT. TKA Solok Selatan using belt transect method by plotting 20x50 m2. Data was analyzed using Morishita Index and Linear Regression. Distribution pattern of B. pentamera in PT. TKA was clumped, showed by 1.17 of Morishita index. Seedlings and saplings of B. pentamera were dominant at the edge of conservation forest while trees were distributed from the middle to inside of the forest. Distance from road gave positively effects and significantly towards distribution of B. pentamera showing result 0.702 of R2 and 0.007 of p-Value. Light intensity did not give effects significantly towards distribution of B. pentamera showing result 0.0806 of R2 and 0.427 of p-Value
The Response of Callus Formation from Tacca Chantrieri Leaves with Various Concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP by In Vitro
Full text linkThe an annual herbaceous tropical plant which is one of the species of the genus Tacca from the Dioscoreaceae family is Tacca chantrieri. T. chantrieri has a unique inflorescence morphology like that of a bat. The people of Southeast China and Thailand have used by T. chantrieri rhizome as traditional medicine because the methanol extract contains secondary metabolites such as diarylheptanoids, pseudofurostan, withanolide, taccalonolide, and saponins. To maintain its sustainability, it is necessary to propagate T. chantrieri by using in vitro culture techniques such as callus culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of T. chantrieri leaf callus formation and to determine the optimal concentration with various concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of control treatments, 1 and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D and concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 2,4-D combined with 3 mg L-1 BAP. The observations were made for 60 days after planting. The results showed that the concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D + 3 mg L-1 BAP affected the percentage of live explants and the percentage of callus formation by 100% respectively, and the time of callus appeared 18.75 days after planting
Ethnomedicinal Study of the Use of Zingiberaceae by the Mentawai People in Siberut, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Full text linkThe Mentawai archipelago is situated to the west of mainland Sumatra and is part of the West Sumatra province. The Mentawai people are indigenous to this archipelago and are well known for their traditional healing practices performed by their Sikerei healers. Only a few studies on the traditional plant medicines of the Mentawai people have been published, which mostly suggest that Zingiberaceae is one of the most widely used families. This study examines the indigenous knowledge of Zingiberaceae by the Mentawai people living in Siberut. Field surveys were undertaken at four locations in the island where the Sikerei healers were interviewed directly to obtain information about medicinal treatments using plants from the Zingiberaceae family. Voucher specimens were collected, dried and deposited at the Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA), Padang, West Sumatra. The study suggests that at least 32 Zingiberaceae species are used in the Mentawai’s traditional medicines. The floristic aspects, the plant part used, and the type of disease treated are discussed