Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Agensi Hayati Jamur Endofit Daun dan Batang Apel Timor
Full text link ABSTRACTThis study discusses the antimicrobial potential and biological agents of the endophytic fungi on the leaves and stems of Timor apples. Apple plants have been developed in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency; however, they slowly stop producing and even die due to disease. Disease control can be done through biological agents with endophytic fungi. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity and biological agency of endophytic fungi found in the stems and leaves of the Timor apple plant. This study uses a laboratory experiment method by testing the antimicrobial activity of the isolated endophytic fungi with the well method against E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria and C. albicans fungi. Biological agency against pathogenic fungi was tested using antagonist test. The inhibition and antagonist zone data were analyzed descriptively. The study results show that there were three isolates of endophytic fungi, namely IH isolate (black isolate) of Aspergillus sp., IA isolate (bluish green isolate) of Aspergillus sp., and IP isolate (white isolate) of Fusarium sp. Endophytic fungal isolates were found to have activity in inhibiting the growth of the test microbes, with the average inhibition zone of IH of Aspergillus sp. against C. albicans was 15.6 mm, IP of Fusarium sp against P. aeruginosa was 15.9 mm, and IA of Aspergilus sp against E.coli was 11.2 mm. The compound test shows that the endophytic fungal isolates contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Meanwhile, the antagonist test shows that endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi with the growth area coveredthe pathogenic fungus and the widest area was Aspergillus sp.Keywords: antimicrobial, biological agents, endophytic fungi, stems and leaves of Timor apple
Sebaran Bellucia pentamera Naudin Di Kawasan Objek Wisata Kapalo Banda Taram Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Full text linkKapalo Banda Taram Tourism Area, Lima Puluh Kota Regency is one of the tropical rain forest areas in West Sumatra which has a high level of biodiversity that can be disturbed due to the presence of invasive plants, one of which is Bellucia pentamera. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of B. pentamera, to determine the effect of the number of Bellucian on the number of non-Bellucian and to determine the effect of distance from the river and light intensity on the distribution of B. pentamera. The research using the belt transect with a plot size of 20x50 m2. Data analysis using the Morisita Index and Simple Linear Regression formulas. The distribution of B. pentamera was quite large with the distribution pattern of B. pentamera sapling strata is clustered, while the tree strata had a uniform distribution pattern. The number of Bellucian individuals affects the presence of non-Bellucian individuals as indicated by a negative effect on species diversity, a decrease in the number of species, high dominance and habitat colonization which will limit resources and space for the growth of other species. The distance from the river affects the distribution of B. pentamera where the closer the distance from the river tends to increase the presence of B. pentamera, while the light intensity does not affect the presence of B. pentamera
The Effect of Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) Extract with Several Types of Solvents as a Biostimulant on the Growth of Pagoda Mustard (Brassica rapa var. narinosa L.)
No full textBiostimulants are natural organic compounds that can be applied to plants, so that they can modify plant physiology, stimulate growth and increase response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Biostimulants must have good solubility in suitable solvents. The research about the Effect of Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) Extract with Several Types of Solvents as a Biostimulant on the Growth of Pagoda Mustard (Brassica rapa var. narinosa L.)  was conducted from March to June 2022 at the Plant Physiology Laboratory and Greenhouse, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The research aims to determine the effect of C. asiatica extract with several types of solvents as a biostimulant and to determine the best type of solvent to extract C. asiatica as a biostimulant in increasing the growth of Pagoda mustard. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 6 replications. The treatment consist of control, distilled water, methanol, ethanol and acetone. The results obtained in this study were C. asiatica extract with several types of solvents gave significantly different effects on the parameters of leaf number, leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content. The results of this study indicate that methanol and ethanol are the best solvents for making C. asiatica extract as a biostimulant that can increase the growth of Pagoda mustard
Local Community Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Butterflies and Ecotourism in West Sumatera
Full text linkOne of the most biodiverse nations in the world, Indonesia is home to a wide variety of butterflies as well as other animals and plants. Butterflies play a significant role in the ecosystem, both in the pollination process and in the process of detecting environmental changes in the ecosystem. One alternate strategy for preserving biodiversity and natural resources while boosting a nation's economy is ecotourism. This study aims to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of local communities in West Sumatera regarding with butterflies and ecotourism. The study was conducted from February to March, 2023 by using two-page questionnaire developed to collect social information regarding with ecotourism and butterflies through in-depth interview with respondents who was currently living in West Sumatra. A total of 30 respondents (15 Male, 15 female) from various background were questioned. According to the survey’s findings, the majority of the population (93%) was passionate about protecting biodiversity and has extensive understanding of ecotourism and butterflies. Additionally, the majority of respondents (93%) mentioned that they would love to join Butterfly Watching Program. The respondents indicated that West Sumatera has a lot of ecotourism destinations. To draw visitors, a more sophisticated ecotourism program centered on beautiful wildlife and flora should be established
Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Bacteria isolated from Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) for Inhibition the Growth of Malassezia furfur
Full text linkPityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection characterized by changes in skin pigment due to stratum corneum colonization by Malassezia furfur. The Increasing of antifungal resistance and high recurrence rate, requires alternative treatment of medicinal plants. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is known to produce secondary metabolites that have antifungal activity produced by endophytic bacteria that live on pegagan plant tissue. The study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of pegagan endophytic bacteria isolates to Inhibit the Growth of Malassezia furfur. The endophytic bacteria isolates were re cultured on NA media with a streak plate method. Antifungal activity test used the disk diffusion method which is characterized by the formation of inhibitory zones. Total of 37 endophytic bacteria isolates were successed re cultured, and there were 15 endophytic bacterial isolates that have potentcy as antifungal agent with inhibitory zones ranged from 6.5 to 15.52 mm. The most potential isolate was similarity with genus Pseudomonas. The secondary metabolites contained of alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins. The potential Centella asiatica endophytic bacteria had antifungal activity and similarity with the genus Pseudomonas
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang
Full text linkThe ants are one of the insects that dominate all ecosystems, it biomass reaching more than 30% in tropical ecosystems. The ants plays positive or negative roles in ecosystem. The negative role of ants is as a household pests that can have a negative impact on humans. The loss caused by pest ants is causing contamination of food as well as contamination of sterile equipment in hospitals and laboratories. The ant stinging will cause allergies and also become disease vectors due they association with several pathogenic microorganisms. This study was conducted at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Air Tawar, West Sumatra, from October to November 2021. The ants were collected inside and outside of the laboratory by using the baited trap (peanut butter, honey, and sardines) and hand collection methods. A total of 419 individual ants were found belonging to eight species and three subfamilies. The highest number of individual found in Tapinoma melanocephalum
The Estimation of Ground Carbon Stock in The Tourist Forest Area Ngalau Indah Payakumbuh
Full text linkNgalau Indah tourist area, Payakumbuh City has a forest area and potential carbon stock. The aim of this study was to find out about the total biomass and carbon stock in Ngalau Indah tourist area, Payakumbuh City. The study would be from November until February 2022. Retrieval of data collection for trees and sapling had done with the nun-destruction method and understorey and litter had done with the destruction method. Based on the data, trees have obtained 12 families, and 18 species, and saplings have obtained 13 families and 16 species. The total biomass was 92,440 ton/ha was included 91,313 tons/ha for tress, 1,012 ton/ha for sapling, 0,053 tons/ha for understories, and 0,062 tons/ha for litter. Carbon stock of trees was 42,917 tonC/ha, sapling was 0,476 ton/ha, understories was 0,024 tonC/ha, litter was 0,029 ton/ha and total carbon stock was 43,446 tonC/ha
Ethnobotanical Study of Ferns as Traditional Medicine in Central Siberut, Mentawai Island
Full text linkWest Sumatra Province has two ethnicities, namely Minangkabau and Mentawai. Both ethnicities have the capability to apply plants in folk medicine. This ethnobotanical study was conducted in Saibi Simokop village in three hamlets namely Sirisurak, Simoilaklak, and Saibi. The study was focused on the use of ferns in traditional medicine. Data collection was carried out using the snowball sampling method to seek the traditional healers (sikerei). The results showed that seven species of ferns were used for treatment of fever, inflammation, and poisoning. The ferns were included Cephalomanes javanicum (Blume) Bosch, Angiopteris evecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm., Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. F.) Underw., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Phymatosorus membranifolium (R. Br.) S.G. Lu, Lecanopteris sp., and Asplenium nidus L. The application of ferns in concoctions was administered topically and some were combined with oral administration
Composition And Structure Of Undergrowth Habitats Of Flora Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. In The Forests Of Bukik Pinang Mancuang, Kamang Mudiak, Agam
Full text linkVegetation analysis is a way of studying the composition of species and the structure of the vegetation. The objective research about understorey vegetation analysis in the flora habitat of Rafflesia arnoldii in Bukit Pinang Mancuang Forest, Kamang Mudiak, Agam was to determine the composition and structure in the flora habitat of Rafflesia arnoldii in Bukit Pinang Mancuang Forest, Kamang Mudiak, Agam. Vegetation analysis was carried out by using the quadratic plot method with a size of 2 x 2 m. There were 6 plots have been made and species identification was carried out at the Andalas University Herbarium. According to the observation result, there are 32 species discovered consisting of 601 individuals with 19 families. The dominant families are Rubiaceae (34.61%) and Utricaceae (32.61%). The importance value index of Coffea canephora was obtained (51.28%). The plant diversity index in this area was classified as moderate (H'=2.58). Based on the analysis conveyed, it can be concluded that the Rubiaceae and Urticaceae families are adequate forest and life support for Rafflesia arnoldii habitat. It is recommended that the local government designated the forest as a conservation area in order to preserve the existence of Rafflesia arnoldii and its habitat
Potential Valuation Of Plants Based On Utilization Of Plants, Local Wisdom and Local Resident Attitude about Plant Conservation in Silokek National Geopark
Full text linkThe objectives of this study was to evaluate the utilization of plants, local wisdom and tribe attitudes about plant conservation by the people in Silokek National Geopark. This research used survey method. These data were collected by using Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) and Quisioner. And then, data had been calculated by calculating the value of Local User’s Value Index (LUVI). The result indicated that local people utilizing plants is for herbal medicine 83%. Cyclea barbata is spesies with having the highest LUVI (0.137), followed by Artocarpus elasticus used for furniture (LUVI= 0.060), Styrax sumatrana (LUVI= 0.126) used for ritual, and Imperata cylindrica (LUVI= 0.073) used for livestock feed. And The result showed at least three local wisdom that possible to be integrated to plant conservation such as planting the plants, selectively harvest by select cutting and timing, and special treatment before used the plants like shalawat nabi reading. For tribe attitudes indicated people in Silokek National Geopark more 90% agree for conservation policy in that area.Keywords : Local User’s Value Index (LUVI), Pebble Distribution Method (PDM), Silokek National Geopark