Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Studi Perkembangan Aerenkim Akar Padi Sawah dan Padi Ladang pada Tahap Persemaian dengan Perlakuan Perendaman
Get PDFThe study of root aerenchyma development of wetland paddy cv."anak daro" and upland paddy cv. "merah" at nursery stageby flooding treatment was conducted from January to April 2013 in green house and Laboratory of Plant Development and Structure, Biology Departement, Andalas University, Padang. The objective of this study was to observe the aerechyma development in the root cortex and its zone along root. The root of paddy as materials were prepared by the paraffin method. The result showed that aerenchyma was developed from cortical cells of proximal root either in wetland or upland paddy in two days after seedling. At 8 days after seedling, wetland paddy with flooding treatment formed 27-29 aerenchymatous cavities compared to 27-28 cavities of their control. Upland paddy with flooding treatment formed 28-30 aerenchymatous cavities and did not form any cavity on their control.. The aerenchyma of both paddies developed completely between outer and inner cortex in 14 days after seedling. The aerenchymatous zone was developed completely from proximal up to distal root at 21 days after seedling.Keywords: wetland paddy, upland paddy, flooding, aerenchyma development, roo
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kental Tanaman Pisang Kepok Kuning (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Get PDFAntibacterial activity of crude extracts of pisang kepok kuning plants (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Roots, corms, pseudoterms, flowers, and ripe fruits of pisang kepok kuning cultivar were macerated with ethanol 96% and evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 50C. All of crude extracts were screened for its antibacterial activity by using Agar Well Diffusion Method with concentration based on 200 grams of fresh weight. This research used Completed Randomized Design (CRD) with nested pattern, four replications, and consist of two factors. First factor was bacteria and the second factor was crude extracts of pisang kepok kuning such as roots, corms, pseudoterms, flowers, and ripe fruits. The results showed that all of crude extracts have significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Crude extract of the corm has highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with diameter of inhibition area was 20,391 mm with inhibition zone type isirradical and diameter inhibition area 18,962 mm for E. coli that has radical zone.Keywords : Musa paradisiaca Linn., S. aureus, E. coli, antibacteria
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Parsial Bakteri Indigenous Pemfermentasi dari Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.)
Get PDFThe research related to the isolation and partial characterization of indigenous fermenting bacteria from durian fruit (Durio zibethinus Murr.) was conducted from May to August 2012 in Laboratory of Microbiology, Biology Department, Andalas University. Experimental method was used and was descriptively analyzed. Ripe durian fruit contain indigenous fermenting as well as nonfermenting bacteria, that was recognized from halozone around the colony on modified GTA medium. Indigenous fermenting bacterias on the flesh of durian fruit have been characterized as Gram-positive, bacil, no endospores, motile and catalase positive. These isolates are proteolytics, amylolytics and cellulolytics and have no ability to hydrolyze fats and alcohol.Keywords : durian, fermenting, indigenous bacteri
Multiplikasi Tunas Andalas (Morus macroura Miq. var. macroura) dengan Menggunakan Thidiazuron dan Sumber Eksplan Berbeda secara In Vitro
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to study the responses of Andalas somaclone explant and to determine the best concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ) for shoot multiplication. It used completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial with two experimental factors and three replications. The first factor was source of nodal explant; explant without colchicine treatment and explant with colchicine treatment (0,1% for 72 hours immersion time). The second factor was five levels of TDZ which were 0; 0.125; 0.250; 0.375 and 0.500 mg/l. The results showed that all treatment gave life percentage of explant 100%. The best timing of shoot formation were 5.33 day after cultured (dac) from explant without colchicine treatment and 5 dac from explant with colchicine treatment. TDZ 0,500 mg/l from explant without colchicine treatment showed the highest number of shoots (12.67) while TDZ 0.375 mg/l for explant with cholchine treatment (10.67). The highest length of shoot were showed in TDZ 0.125 mg/L from explant without colchicine treatment (32.33 mm) and explant with colchicine treatment (38.33 mm). The length of shoot decreased along increasing of TDZ concentration, while the number of shoot increased along increasing of TDZ concentration.Keywords: Morus macroura Miq. var. macroura, multiplication, thidiazuron, explant, in vitr
Variasi Morfologi Arachnothera longirostra (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) (Latham, 1790)
Get PDFResearch about morphological variation of Arachnothera longirostra (Passeriformes, Nectariniidae) on Harapan Rainforest (Jambi), The Biological Education and Research Forest (BERF) and Marapi Mount have been conducted from September 2011 to February 2012. The samples have been collected directly on the field and data were analyzed on Animal Taxonomy Laboratory, Biology Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. Based on the (analysis) result using Kruskall-Wallis Test, the females were found five of nine variation morphological characters and the males were found seven characters. Based on Mann-Whitney U test was found one character that appeared consistenly different to females such as WDTB (Wide Bill), while for males were found two characters such as WDTB (Wide Bill) and LGTR (Long Tarsus). Phenogram obtained by UPGMA analysis showed close relationship between populatiaon of A. longirostra from both of Marapi and HPPB populations.Keywords: morphology, variation, nectariniidae, Arachnothera longirostr
Jenis-Jenis Kadal (Sub-Ordo Sauria) di Hutan Harapan Jambi
Get PDFResearch of lizards (Sauria) in the Harapan Rainforest, Jambi was conducted from February to April 2012. The research was conducted using the direct capture and survey method. The result found of 14 species of lizards belongs to five families, which are Draco sumatrana, Aphaniotis fusca, and Bronchocela cristatella (Agamidae), Varanus salvator and Varanus sp. (Varanidae), Eutropis multifasciata and Eutropis macularia (Scincidae), Takydromus sexlineatus (Lacertidae), Cyrtodactylus sp., Hemidactylus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemidactylus sp., Gekko smithii and Gekko monarchus (Gekkonidae).Keywords: inventarisation, lizard, species, Harapan Rainforest, Jamb
Uji Antimikroba Ekstrak Segar Jahe-Jahean (Zingiberaceae) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans
Get PDFSeven species of Zingiberaceae were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Extract of grinded rhizome was centrifuged at 10.000 rpm for five minutes. This study used completely randommized design in nested pattern with three replications. The first factor was the tested microbe and the second was the fresh extract of the ginger rhizome. The result showed that fresh extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) gave the highest inhibition to the growth of S. aureus (15.83 mm) and E. coli (15.33 mm) while elephant ginger (Z. officinale var. Roscoe) gave the highest inhibition growth of C. albicans (10.7 mm).Key words: antimicrobial, ginger, microbial pathoge
Jenis-Jenis Serangga Pengunjung Bunga NeriumoleanderLinn.(Apocynaceae) di Kecamatan Pauh, Padang
Get PDFAn inventory of insects visiting the flower of Nerium oleander Linn (Apocynaceae) had been conducted in Pauh subdistrict Padang City from Septemberto December 2012. The purpose of the study was to determine the visitor insect species of Nerium oleander flower. Observation, scan sampling and direct collection method by using insect net were used in this study. Insects were identified at Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang. The results showed that 23 species of insects that belong to 19 genera, 11 families and 4 orders were recorded. The visitor insects were dominated by Lepidoptera order (56.52%) followed by Hymenoptera (30.43%), Coleoptera (8.7%)and Diptera (4.35%).Keywords: Nerium oleander, insects, visitors, flower, specie
Analisis Vegetasi Gulma pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elais quineensis jacq.) di Kilangan, Muaro Bulian, Batang Hari
Get PDFA vegetation analysis of weed in palm oil plantation (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) in Kilangan Muaro Bulian, Batang Hari has been conducted from February to May 2012 by using quadrate method. Twenty four – 1 m2 plots were placed using purposive sampling method. The result showed that weed composition in palm oil plantation composed by 20 families, 47 genera, 56 spesies and 3934 individuals. Paspalum conjugatum was highest SDR 19.48% (1029 individuals), and the lowest was Cuphea platycentra SDR 0,19% (2 individuals) in palm oil plantation. Index diversity of weed was H’ = 3.14.Keywords : Elaeis quineensis Jacq, composition, structur
Cacing Parasit Saluran Pencernaan Pada Hewan Primata di Taman Satwa Kandi Kota Sawahlunto Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Get PDFA study about gastrointestinal helminths of four species of primate was conducted from June to September 2012 at Taman Satwa Kandi Sawahlunto and Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Andalas University, Padang. This study aimed to identify species of gastrointestinal helminths of the primates and to determine the prevalence of the parasites. This study used non-invassive method by collecting fresh fecal samples from ten individuals of captivated primates and collecting soil samples around exhibition cages. Those samples were examined by using floating-centrifuge and filtration methods. The result showed that in the primates fecal were found eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (prevalence= 60%), eggs of Trichuris sp. (10%), rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis (20%) and rhabditiform larvae of Necator americanus (20%). In the contaminated soil were found eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (10%), eggs of Necator americanus and rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. This result indicated those primates were vulnerable to the infection of helminth parasites.Keywords : gastrointestinal helmints, prevalence, primates, Taman Satwa Kand