Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Deskripsi Gejala dan Tingkat Serangan Penyakit Busuk Kuning Pada Batang Tanaman Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus, L.) di Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat
Get PDFThe study about on the description of symptoms and disease severity of yellow disease stem rot of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, L) in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatera has been was studied from December 2012 to February 2013. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of plant diseases and the screen house of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute Solok and Microbiology laboratory of Biology Department of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The purpose of the study was to characterize and identify the symptoms of the yellow disease stem rot on dragon fruit. This study was used direct observation method and the data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that percentage of yellow disease stem rot of dragon fruit in Padang Pariaman was 99,5% while disease severity index was 2,59 (moderate severity). The microbes found at the time of isolation were Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotium sp., fungi (sp.1) and bacteria (sp. 1). The microbes that caused yellow disease stem rot of red dragon fruit which was investigated by using postulate Koch test was Fusarium sp.Key words: Symptoms, disease severity, yellow disease stem rot, identificatio
Induksi Perakaran Tunas Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq. Pada Media Murashige-Skoog Dengan Penambahan Beberapa Konsentrasi Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) secara In Vitro
Get PDFAn experiment on in vitro root induction of Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq. on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with several concentrations of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) had been done from February to April 2013. The aims of this experiment was to determine physiological responses of T. rafflesiae’s shoot to the IBA on half strength media of MS for root induction stages. The experiment used a completely randomized design in seven treatments and four replications. The treatment was the addition of IBA in several concentration (i.e. 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l). The results showed 0.5 mg/l supplemented IBA was more effective and efficient in root induction of shoot then other concentrations. It influenced the average number of roots (12.5 root/plantlet), the average length of root (4.98 cm) and the morphological of plantlets. The result indicated that plantlet of T. rafflesiae generated in in vitro had a higher possibility of artificial culture and prospective for future conservation of Rafflesia.Keywords : Tetrastigma rafflesiae Miq., root induction, Indole-3-Butyric-acid
Potensi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Alami Pencernaan Ayam Broiler Pedaging (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik Pakan Ayam Broiler
Get PDFA study about potential and characterization of native bacteria of intestinebroiler (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) as probiotic candidate of a broiler poultry product were conducted from December 2012 to March 2013 at Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang. This study aimed to obtainbacterial isolates and to describe morphological characters of each isolate of native bacteria as probiotic candidate for thebroiler.This study used an experimental method and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that rough material of intestine consisted of fermentative bacteria (57x107cfu/g), amylolitic (118x107cfu/g), cellulolytic (63x107cfu/g) and proteolytic bacteria (52x107cfu/g). Two isolates were potensial probioticcandidates; amylolytic bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria. The characteristics both probiotic candidates were gram negative, non-sporulating, positive catalase and motile.Keywords: Gallus gallus domesticus, intestine bacteria, characterizatio
Pertumbuhan dan Uji Kualitatif Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder Kalus Gatang (Spilanthes acmella Murr.) dengan Penambahan PEG untuk Menginduksi Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFThe study about the growth and qualitative test of secondary metabolite content of the callus culture of Spilanthes acmella Murr. with addition of PEG to induce drought stress had been done used completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications. The treatments were the addition of PEG in various consentration : 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and control (without addition of PEG). The result showed that the addition of PEG to medium could decrease fresh weight of callus. The fresh weight of callus was decrease significantly by addition 5% PEG. On the qualitative test of secondary metabolite, alkaloid content was increase by addition of 2% - 5% PEG (++), terpenoid content was increase by addition 3% - 4% PEG (++) and fenolik was found on 4% PEG (+).Keywords: callus culture, secondary metabolite, PEG, drought stress, Spilanthes acmell
Penggandaan Kromosom dan Pertumbuhan Somaklonal Andalas (Morus macroura Miq. var macroura) yang Diperlakukan dengan Kolkisin
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to find the best concentration of colchicine and soaking time to induce tetraploid plants and to study the growth responses of Andalas somaclone. The colchicine concentrations consist of 0.05, 0.1; 0.15% with soaking time were 72 and 96 hours respectively. The results showed that the concentration of 0.05% colchicine with 96 hours soaking time able to induce highest percentage shoot of Andalas tetraploid (75%). The highest percentage of roots induction and the best timing of root formation were obtained at concentration of 0.05% colchicine with 96 hours soaking time.Keywords: Morus macroura Miq. var macroura,somaclone, growth, chromosomes, colchicin
Jenis-Jenis Anura (Amphibia) Di Hutan Harapan, Jambi
Get PDFAn inventarisation of the Anuran species (Amphibia) at Harapan Rainforest, Jambi has been done from October 2011 to July 2012. We collected 127 samples from the field and made identification based on morphological characteristics. We identified 19 sepcies in which belong to five families i.e. Bufonidae (Phrynoidis asper Gravenhorst., Ingerophrynus parvus Boulenger., I. divergens Peters. and Pelophryne signata Boulenger.), Microhylidae (Kalophrynus pleurostigma Tschudi.), Dicroglossidae (Occidozyga sumatrana Peters., Fejervarya cancrivora Gravenhorst., F. limnocharis Boie., Limnonectes paramacrodon Boulenger., L. malesianus Kiew.), Ranidae (Hylarana erythraea Schlegel., H. parvaccola Peters., H. glandulosa Boulenger., H. nicobariensis Stolizka., H. baramica Boettger., H. siberu Mc.Cathy and Whitten., Odorana hosii Boulenger., Rana sp), Rhacoporidae (Polypedates leucomystac Boulenger.).Keywords: Amphibia, Anura, Identification key, Harapan Rainfores
Penapisan dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Selulolitik Termofilik Sumber Air Panas Sungai Medang, Kerinci, Jambi
Get PDFA study on screening and characterization odf cellulolytic thermophylic bacteria from Sungai Medang hot spring was conducted on May to June 2012 using purposive sampling methods. This study aimed to find a cellulolytic thermophylic bacterium and to analyze its cellulolyties. Twenty eight cellulolytic thermophylic bacteria were isolated from Sungai Medang hot springs. The highest enzymatic activity (amylolytic and proteolytic activity) was shown by isolate MII2.1 from a location at which the temperature was 78oC. This isolate was characterized as an aerobic bacterium, gram negative and non motile. The form of colony was a circular margin, smooth shiny surface and elevation flat.Keywords: amylolytic, bacterium, cellulolytic, proteolytic, thermophyli
Variasi Morfometrik Kodok Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Bufonidae) di Sumatera Barat yang Dipisahkan oleh Bukit Barisan
Get PDFThe research on morphometric variations of toads Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Bufonidae) in West Sumatera those separated geographically by Barisan Mountain was conducted from July to September 2012 with 4 sampling areas (Surantih, Padang, Suliki and Sijunjung). Survey and direct collection methods were used in this study. Morphometric characters measurement was conducted at Animal Taxonomy Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Andalas University. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric variation in population of D. melanostictus. The results showed that morphometric differentiation between western and eastern population of D. melanostictus in both within males and females. This finding might support that Barisan Mountain has isolated the populations.Keywords: morphometrics, variation, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, West Sumatr
Jenis-Jenis Foraminifera Bentik di Teluk Bayur Padang, Sumatra Barat
Get PDFA study on benthic Foraminifera in Padang, West Sumatra was conducted from June 2012 to January 2013. The main purpose of this study was to determine the types spesies of benthic foraminifera at Teluk Bayur, Padang, West Sumatra. Samples of foraminifera were collected purposively at Teluk Bayur. A total of six spesies of foraminifera (Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, Triloculina fichteliana, Miliolina subrotunda, Spiroloculina communis, Operculina ammonoides and Operculina complanata) was collected that belong to 2 Suborder (Miliolina and Rotaliina), 3 family (Hauerinidae, Spiroloculinidae, and Nummulitidae), and 5 genera. The highest number of individuals was from suborder Rotaliina (Operculina complanata 64.597 individuals).Keywords : Foraminifera, Benthic, Teluk Bayu
Variasi Kefalometri pada Beberapa Suku di Sumatera Barat
Get PDFA study about cephalometry variations of three ethnic groups living in West Sumatra was conducted from May until August 2012. This study used survey method and purposive sampling technique. The measurements of cephalometry were taken from total of 150 individu samples with frontal photos from head-face. The result showed significant variations on head length, head width, upper facial height, bizygomatic breadth, eyes width, distance of endocathion, nose length, nose width, chin height, minimum frontal height and distance of stomion to menton. Based on statistic analysis, Nias, Minang and Mentawai ethnics showed different cephalic, facial, frontoparietal and nasalis type. Phenogram by UPGMA of three ethnic groups showed close relationship between Nias and Mentawai.Keywords : variation, cephalometry, ethnics, West Sumatra