Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Deskripsi Gejala dan Tingkat Serangan Penyakit Busuk Hitam Pada Batang Tanaman Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus, L.) di Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat
Get PDFRed dragon fruit Hylocereus polyrhizus is the fruit with a high value in industry. However, since the past two years, the fruit is being attacked by some pathogens and cause severe disease in West Sumatra. One of the diseases is black rot disease. The purpose of the research was to characterize the symptoms and disease severity of the black disease stem rot on red dragon fruit. The research was conducted from December 2012 until February 2013 and was taken place at Solok Tropical Fruit Research Institute and Microbiology laboratory of Biology Department Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera. This study was using direct observation method and the data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the percentage of the black disease of stem rot of dragon fruit was 47.3 % while disease severity index of it was 1.22. The isolated pathogen on the black disease stem rot of dragon fruit were Fusarium sp. and Xanthomonas sp.Keywords: Dragon fruit, black rot disease, disease severit
Komposisi dan Struktur Seedling dan Sapling pada Lahan Pra dan Pasca Tambang Batubara PT. SLN di Kabupaten Dharmasraya
Get PDFResearch about composition and structure seedling and sapling at pre and post coal mining PT. SLN have been carried out from April to July 2012 by using the belt transect with quadrate plot of size 10 x 10 m2. The results showed the composition of seedling at pre-mining was 6 families, 6 genera, 6 species and 38 individuals. In case of the composition of post coal mining was 4 families, 3 genera, 5 species and 20 individuals. Furthermore, the composition of sapling at pre coal mining was 12 families, 35 genera, 43 species and 304 individuals. In case of the composition of post coal mining was 6 families, 8 genera, 10 species and 102 individuals. The highest importance value for seedling at pre mining was Canthium dicoccum (47.37 %) and at post mining was Clibadium surinamense (58.18 %). The highest importance value for sapling at pre mining was Hevea brasiliensis (20.27 %) and at post mining was Macaranga tanarius (46.11 %). Diversity index of seedling at pre mining was 1.69 % and in post-mining was 1.55 %, where as for the sapling at pre mining was 3.51 % and at post mining was 2.16%. Index similarity seedling and sapling were 18 % and 3.8 % respectively.Keyword:composition, structure, pre and post coal mining, seedling, saplin
Pengaruh Pemberian Rhodamin B Terhadap Struktur Histologis Ginjal Mencit Putih (Mus musculus L.)
Get PDFRhodamine B is synthetic textile dye that currently still used for food coloring. Thus, it is important to analyse the effect of the substance on health. It was aimed to identify the histological structure changes of the mice kidney caused by Rhodamin B. This research was used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design in factorial pattern consisting of two factors such as dose of (0; 3.5; 7.0 and 14 mg/g body weight) and duration of treatment (0; 7; 14 and 21 days). The result showed that of dose and duration of treatment Rhodamin B have significant effect on the percentages of glomerular damage, and so did the interactions of both factors. Histological analysis showed the presence of narrowing of bowman space in glomerular, hipertrophy, necrosis and serosis of the tubules. The higher dose and the longer duration of treatment of Rhodamin B, the more serious of structural damages of kidney.Keywords : Rhodamin B, kidney, Mus musculu
Jenis-Jenis Jamur pada Pembusukan Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao, L.) di Sumatera Barat
Get PDFCurrently, cacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) farm is being developed in West Sumatra as one of the most potential estate crops. Less than 10 years, the crop had been developed up to 110,000 ha whereas it was only 25,000 ha in 2005. However there is none of the crops free from disease of immature fruit decay. The aim of this study was to identify the fungus which were collected on decay fruits of cocoa. Samples were collected from lowland and highland farms in West Sumatera by purposive sampling method. Fungus found on the decay fruit of cocoa in the lowland were Phytophthora palmivora, Fusarium sp and Aspergillus niger, while in highland were P. palmivora, Fusarium sp and Gloeosporium.Keywords: cacao, fungus identification, decay fruit
Studi Jenis-Jenis Zingiberaceae di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Talang Sumatera Barat
Get PDFFloristic study on Zingiberaceae at Protected Forest areas in Talang Mount, West Sumatra has been carried out from July 2012 to April 2013. Samples of Zingiberaceae were directly collected during tracking and searching along three exploration routes to top of mount Talang i.e. the Batu-Banjanjang, Aie Batumbuk and Koto Gadang Guguk. The samples were processed to herbariums specimen and identified at Herbarium Universitas Andalas (ANDA) Padang. Based on analysis of morphological characters, nine species of Zigiberaceae were identified; Etlingera elatior, Etlingera sp., Etlingera foetens, Geostachys sp., Globba aurantiaca, Globba talangensis, Hedychium coronarium, Hornstedtia Pininga and Zingiber zerumbet. We suggested further research for Etlingera sp. and Geostachys sp. on its possibility as new species
Struktur Anatomi Kayu Beberapa Jenis Buah-Buahan
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to describe the anatomical structure and quality of wood from fruit plants. This study was conducted from December 2012 to February 2013. The woods of five fruits species in Padang namely Artocarpus integra (cempedak), Baccaurea motleyana (rambai), Mangifera caesia (binjai), Mangifera foetida (ambacang), and Mangifera odorata (kuweni) were analyzed. The character of vessels, parenchyma, and rays were analyzed by using permanent slide, and fibre dimension by maceration method. The results showed that all of woods in this study have the same type of porous namely difuse and soliter type. The smallest porous was detected at wood of B. motleyana among those species. The parenchyma and rays characters of A. integra and B. motleyana have apotracheal and uniseriate types while M. caesia, M. foetida, and M. odorata have paratracheal and multiseriate types. Wood of B. motleyana has the longest fibre, differed from woods of M. caesia and M. odorata with short fibres. Based on industrial woods that A. integra and B. motleyana were classified in II-III of strength, differed from woods of M. caesia, M. foetida and M. odorata were classified in III-IV of strength.Keywords : anatomical structure, permanent slide, fruits wood, wood quality
Studi Morfometrik Paku Kawat (Lygodium) di Sumatera Barat
Get PDFMorphometrics study of climbing ferns (Lygodium) in West Sumatra had been conducted from December 2011 to April 2012. This study used survey method and direct observation. The result of this study indicated that four species were identified: Lygodium microphyllum, L. flexuosum, L. longifolium dan L. circinnatum has found in The Biological Education and Research Forest (HPPB), Silokek and Harau. The fertile leaflets of L. microphyllum are deltoid and sterile leaflets are elongatus. The fertile and sterile leaflets of L. flexuosum are elongatus. The number of L. microphyllum leaflets range from 9-12 and L. flexuosum range from 10-13. The fertile leaflets of L. longifolium are palmati-partitus with 1-2 lobed and sterile leaflets are palmatus with 3-4 lobed, then the fertile leaflets of L. circinnatum are palmati-partitus with 2 or 4 lobed and sterile leaflets are palmatus with 4-5 lobed.All of the spesies coulb be classified in to 2 clusters, there were high morphological similarities among spesies in each cluster.Keywords: Lygodium, climbing fern, morphometrics, West Sumatr
Jenis-jenis Rayap (Isoptera) di Kawasan Hutan Bukit Tengah Pulau dan Areal Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit, Solok Selatan
Get PDFAn inventarisation of termites (Isoptera) at a fragmented forest (Bukit Tengah Pulau) and palm oil plantation at Solok Selatan was conducted from March to December 2011. Direct sampling method was used to collect termites at three habitats types: forest edge, forest interior, and palm oil plantation. Five species of termites that belonged to two subfamilies were recorded i.e. Hospitalitermes hospitalis Haviland, Longipeditermes mandibulatus Thapa, Nasutitermes sp. (Nasutitermitinae), Termes rostratus Haviland, and Pericapritermes sp. (Termitinae). Four species were found at forest edge, three species at forest interior and two species at palm oil plantation. The only one species (Pericapritermes sp.) was found at all three habitat types.Keywords: termites, forest of Bukit Tengah Pulau, palm plantation, nasutitermitinae, termitinae
Uji Antimikroba Curcuma spp. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Get PDFA study about the effect of fresh extract of Curcuma spp on the growth of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was conducted from March to July 2012 at Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Andalas University. This experiment used nested completely randommized design. The result showed that fresh extracts of Curcuma spp. have different growth inhibition effects on C. albicans, S. aureus dan E. Coli. Temulawak (Curcuma xhantorrhiza) has the highest inhibition effect to the growth of C. albicans (13.07 mm), S. aureus (15.75 mm) and E. coli (31.56 mm). The lowest bactericidal consentration of fresh extract rhizome of temulawak for E. coli were 12.5% and 25%, but there is no inhibition effect to the C. albicans and S. aureus.Keywords: Curcuma, antimicrobial, extract, pathogen microbia
Kepadatan Populasi dan Struktur Kelompok Simpai (Presbytis melalophos) serta Jenis Tumbuhan Makanannya di Hutan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Biologi (HPPB) Universitas Andalas
Get PDFA study about population density, group structure and diet of mittered leaf-monkeys (Presbytis melalophos, Raffles 1821) at the biological research and educational forest of Andalas University had been carried out from June to November 2012. This study used direct census method to figure out their structures and population and ad-libitum method to observe the plants consumed by animal subjects. There were 13 individuals of the leaf-monkeys in which belong to three groups. The group structure consisted of 2-3 adult individuals, 1- 2 subadults and 0-1 juvenile. Population density of the leaf monkeys in a defined area of 0.75 km2 was 17.3 individual/km2 and group density was 4 group/km2. The average of homerange was 0.13 km2. There were 9 species of plants consumed by the leaf monkeys within their homeranges those belong to 8 families.Keyword: Presbytis melalophos, direct census, ad-libitum, population densit